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һγԹŵĺллףƽֱ
VŬӸҶཽ࣬Ż쳤࣡


02 ҹ뾪
סһʱƲĿ⡣
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СӴŹˣðβŻعæСŸϡ
ſС̫̤ңԸСӣ˴һͰˮһͰˮɾůѡ
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߷һ֮ⶳˡ
Сӡ˼ˣԸźˮˮټˮһӡ
СӦǰߣһأӵĿζȻûôŨˡ
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Ӻˮƽ⻨ͭճӰ൱
ԭʮţδӹڣаں˿ĳüīβ΢΢̣µǿ붼һޡ
ֻͭԭģºÿüۼ˼ɫ
ĵײӿһĸоԭͬͬգȻ඼ƣѵϵͳѡԭ
ӣݺˡСӿ첽߳
áͭŶ롣
һȥͿСʵľ磬һԲİɫ¡
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շ¶зִģȷʵˡƽΪԼѣ˳ָϵӣ˳ִ˸Ưĺᡣ
ѩһ⼸յ²ˣѩ˵ɡ
һ˶иʱ䡣
۽ޣת
ֱӵӰʧǰһ
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ת룬乬ӵĻһҹȣֺΣգ
˼ȥԸվһԵСŮȥ̫ҽԺüҩ˵ҲȾ˷纮ЩȺͿԡ
СŮĵӣҪ̫ҽ𣿡
أȥץҩɡ˻֣ˣ̫䣬Щš
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̫๬Ůǣع鰲ǰ
̵¹ֽѹϺǫֽ̃еī֭δȫɺԡ䣬ʺպīֽδдʫдº䡣
޹⣬ιδڡ[1]
С˵жλӵīʣƪ໹ǧеһΡ
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ֻǣܺתΪʩߣ㲻޹
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ϸ۲Ƭ̣ëʷŻرʼϣʼԺԭеڣÿһϸڡ
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ע[1]ԡ졤ʮ¥̨д΢
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03 Ƕǳ
ꡭУ˵ۼֿظסӵ죬ȫûʶ̣ɱڵġ
Ȼֵƴ
˽ţش˫յˮУһŨҵĲͷߺޣͬѩԭϸճõӣСȴѱҰԺܡ
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Ǳ仰ŻˣֻʶĲɱԼģɿһڷݡ
ѸٳֻڴһƬѪ죬ҿⲻ࣬һ㱡ƤҪС˺һȥ
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ԺٻϵͳȻûеõһӦ
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ԼĪʱҩˣԾλøСӡ
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ҩ̫ˣ˯е˫ͨСһͰ͵İӣǲԹԺҩ
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ϲҰԵСӣϲսԵϷ磬񵱳һѶȵϷҲиȤһ㡣
䷳ؼš˴ޣڵȵ¶ȽȥҲʼûʲôΣˡ
ҲƤֱˣһ˽ԼҲϴ˯ȥˡ
ʶ֮ʣԼȻʺչ˰ˡ
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峿ʶһɲǣز쳣
²ӲĴ壬ϸŵҲʪıӣԼȫůڵıһɺŵ㡣
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ʵϣÿȻͬһŶ񶾵ģ̸κζŷҽڳͽ͹ˣûһ㲻ͬ
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۵׵ɱⱩǣ˫΢ֺ׵С֣ǽϸĲ
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Ҳ齣ڵһ֣Ϊҷ㣬Ԯ֣
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ͽԷõģŷ嵭ЩС
һʼ䱸ʮ㣬ǰ϶ӣСͰ͵񶼿ճڴˡ
乬ֻвиʣӣԵڵࣿ
ô¶һ۾Ϳ뷨ɴཫ˵Ҩһ࣬˹ȥ
꣬ӡ
аЦ˲۵ǲ١Щ乬Цˡ
ԭҲ֪ôģžĥһСӡҪǻʮһյر裬ֻڻø춼ܸƷˡ
ϾţθںܲֻСںһ࣬ͷ꣬һȥˡ
лл˵˹ĵزôǣչһҹţǲǸ˵һлл
ٿԲ۾۵Գŵɫڷָұ˲Ҳ㣿
Ƕǳ𣬷һһ롣Ϻɫг𱨳жҲҪ
üĻ
ҷ㣬ԼǺңչһҹòҲӦͬ˵һллĵؽͣ𣿡
Ƭ̺³ܵ۽ޣ൱Ӳлл
ӿɽҲʾ⣬ӵĲ鲻ԸԹԵ㲻ҪҶˣڴϢ
£ϵɫѸٱþ
лҪ˵
ӣŹңѱǸ֡
ۣС֣



04 Ի
ۼСҪըëˣĺ㣬㲻յȵڡ
һ٣̲ס֡
㰲Ĵţʵڲģ͵ҹٻԼסĵأҪע⡣ٴǿ˴㣬ҡ
˵գҲӷĻᣬת߳ҡ
Сſڴ𲽸ȥ
ձҡתͷԸţ㲻κ˽ȥ𣿡
Сӣūס
鶼źãŶȥԺСիоԭĲ顣
ܿ㷢֣ӺǼܿ󲿷ʷ伮ʫĻʷʵϣϾԭˮƽޣԼҲ಻
ױʷĻ൱ȤѧѡҲʷרҵ˵ѧ峵Ÿ߰˶ǿܳƵϲȺ顣ֻʱû뵽гһᴩܿС˵˼֮ء
Ȼշ飬¸һλ֮͡
Ǹ÷С̫࣬ԳƷ̫֮˵䣬̫ӵ±һ̳þƣ빫Ƽݶһ
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°ɡ巶˶٣ˣ衣
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λϣյеسŵģµǻ֮գӦе١
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ӣǾɼַˣţȴһµɤԵ⴫
ѰһĨ޳ͦεӰ
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裬䣬磬ԭǴӺڶλԪ֮ˣϻʵյΪ״Ԫ뺲Ժ׫ȷʵŻ磬ǴӺѵһ˲ţϻʵΪ̫ٸ붫̵̫ӡ
̫ٸԾ޻·ȻǹǰԭҪ߻ԽԶԽá
ϧΪʱ
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ƭҰⲻһȫԱҵCPȨıС˵𣿡
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***
¸·ϣٴͼٻϵͳε˳гˡ
ϵͳҲ˵û²Ҫҡ
żɽ˵ܸṩʲôɡ
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ӣˣͷĴ̫СŹߵԷ͵ū澸סˣ
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СӴδֻһ£մң԰׵Сģ촽һĨѪɫдͷߺޡ
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ʲô֣Ļ
ӣū澼󡣡ɫĵػص
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Ҳ˵ôؕ
Ŀעţͣ£ֻܡžžȰƣİڶϻ졣
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ټԺʱһء
лҪ˵
ҵСͽܣֻܽ
ʱһС趨۷



05 Ϊ˽һЩ
ɱһɱﹷƵ̫磬ֱڵߣǼš
ǽմͷµû˱򶫹ͨ籨ŵߡ
·ֱͦͦԭصʱһסݵС첲ͬʱԸСӣý
ײײظ̤ң촽һֱߣ
Цַʲô
Ƭ̺Снӹߣ˳ݸһʾ
СӴغԼӶӣȻһ֣Ѹ˳ңϷſڡ
Էڴһ졣
˭͵ģһߴһѵϲϴ
վ룬ǿ͸һ˿ãȻһʱ֪«ʲôҩ
žһٴδڰϣϲϴ
սߣʾӣ㲻˼һ£
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Ѱ˼ҵСߴˣָҪ۴޵ġ
˵ӿģͦɰġ
΢΢˫ۣһ˵ʲôı顣
Ժϧ̯̯֣Ϸòˣ½ߣгһ
ߵǰҪСմȾҡ
ʶƫһ
ʲô˵üסСС򢣬Ӵ˻Ӹɾģ
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ˡκɿֱ֣ղ۸С̫࣬Ұ۸ȥˣ˵ʲô
۽ޣصлл
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Сӣǣӡ
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ڳ˵Ļʹб裬Դ̣ѧǿʳĺδܹͳк޶ľη֮飬һ׷˲ڽŵ£ɱŰĿ.С
Ӳ̸̲֮ʦ֮裬ȻԵʦлӸ
ʮ꣬˵󲻴˵ССһҰСҪģǽ곤˵С
***
ҹţ乬Ϊš
ڴϣƲסطֻϸŵıӲֱѹ
ֻ˯һҹıѣ乬Ĵ齣Ȼܡ
ڴϷȥֶ̯ܣֱϴһƿ޷ǿ޵ļС
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һƬڵĸҹؿ޺ﷴ߶޷ǻһ䣺Ϊθҡ
꣬ĸʱǻجج˯ţĴѾ˺ܶ࣬ҹ֪ʲô̼̬ȡ
ԶԶվڵſڣֻǿߣûΣգһȥ˯
֪Թ͸һɫֽϴ͵һ
ĸң˵ڵأϸĲӱסֻܼѵصȣҡĸҲǸʣ
ƭңƭҡɱҰɱҸܵܣɣúݵģƭҺÿడԹȥκλƵסӣҪɱ㣡ɱ㣡
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һƬհףͣһ̣ͻȻɿ֣
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ŮˣӴŴ˹ĵ
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Ъվ̧ĸճĻңԸеһ¡
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Դ󽫾ıһԭвûϸдһιȥԹһҹ֮丸ųնԼҲ乬δĺӣ⻻˭ϣأ
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ԣ͵̧СֲŵԸҶˣ
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ҡ˵ʲôֽ˻ȥֻһ䣬Ϊʲô
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˲ͫ𣬷ڴϵȭͷԾ
һʱ׼̬
ǧһһظˡû쳣ɤᣬƼ٣أΪ˽һЩڶһ㡣
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Ҳָ׸Ĺۣӿüƿƿ޹ޣŵϣЩǴ̫ҽԺõҩ÷Ҷдƿϡ
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Ŀг˽䱸ȴֻ޳ÿƶ
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ʲôʱʼ
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лҪ˵
ӣСͽܿӺÿɰ
Сͽܣӣɰء



06 ҿ
ļգ൱С
û㲻ֻ֣СӰ乬˼رƷ򵥸һĿǰЩ
ȻҲȫûԭĲ鷭˸飬˴ӹ仰ʲô顢֣Լʷ׹µȣÿտϽζطġ
ܿ죬ϵͳĲҵȥˡ
ϵͳܲ¶
ڡƭƭ˱Ů𡱵ĹղܣԺȻһеŵһ飬еĻˡ
ܱܲͻȻңҭʾطôͲˣ
ϵͳǧཫ磬Ϊ㿴С˵ǲʱ𣿡
ез˼ֺɸ֡
Ŷ
Ͷȥٻ
ϵͳ
΢һˣСĵӣﲻ
ްּ˿춹⣬ͽҧһڣ
ϲ⣿СӰм¹ӵϲãǻͷū澽СŷٶЩ
˱˱ָ⣬ֽӵݸͦóԵģҲһ飿
ū澲ңСҵعȥӣū澿˵ˣ
εЦһ£ٶ¹ҿҪˡ
Сӻ˵ĻԺ˽ﲻ̫нŲ˼վ
ţֶˡʾһԣϲͲˡ
Сӳһ£˫־ٸ߽ӹӣɫ΢죺лӡ
Ͷһһأϵͳȫˡ
κԺϤĵ˵˵ļƻ
˵ʲôã
ϵͳҿ԰ıߡ
УȰһݹŴСѧѧֲᡣ
ϵͳ
ϻ﷭˸ۣΪû
ϵͳԸꡣ
ʱ䣬СͽҲ׼ˡ
***
Ƕů͵ʱ
վ¸ǰ񶨶ţٳṳ̂ȥ
ָòˣҩС̫ʵıӣҹﲻٶ÷
⼸Ҳһֱ˼˵ҪҪ֣Ļһʱ𣬻߸ɴֻһƭ֣
ڴһٴϣԸ̶̤
ǰһ
ߵ£ˣ벻Ļ䣬һϸɤڶ𣬽ʵ
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ڵңüͷ
СʶԼ˵©ˣæŪȥѽȥɣ
ûм׷ȥص̤š
֨ѽһƿڵţĿⲻůϡ
ϣ˫ϣһֳֻڶһֻһϵ飬˯ðȡ
չڰϣγһ͸Ĺ⣬Եɫ˲٣ҲƯˡ
Ծ˽Ųһһ
أöɤ𣬺˿˿΢ƣ
̧ҽŽڰУҲǣҲǣһʱľ
ۡһ۱㿴˺Цĳãسϰڱݽ𼦶
عƤһ죬˵ʲô⣬ֲ֪Ӻ˵ֻɫصϵˡ
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ðɣԭ㡣һ̨£ңʲôô
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šӦڳȥٽ
ɵƺһȥͽˡ
΢̧ʾĥߴ
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⶯СӶԷЦȴɤصɡ
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ĵصȴڡ
ʼĸżѵʱ򣬻һЩ򵥵֡Ƭ̺㿪˽ڣǽѧҾһſǽϣ߶ڴ⣬͵һЩ
˵棬ԽԽ͡
һſǽ͵ѧұĻַˣ㰵нС̫ŹŵǽͷˤĴ׷ҧܵˣСȱݺҧһڣҿͷƴűȱҧϵ³
ӴԺҲ͵ѧֻԼһһ鷭мġǧġãЩֶˡ
Ȼ
մӺĻѧʵ۹ķ壬ѡвܵĸԱǺԺѧʿΪǽѧѡſ֮ʿǴҵ
乬еûлʵ۵ּٳٲܽѧ͵ѧĻҲ̵ذˡ
û£ԺǶ͵ˡ̧֣˸ӵͷӽѧȫ㣬ɺã
סˣһ˲˲ǰꡣ
΢΢ͷĺůƽٴ͸һĪı
һ̣׵ıͷһᣬƲסۿʪĺ졣
𣿡ǿ˫΢Ų԰ݵǻɺͲȷģҿš𣿡
ȻһЦҿ
***
Сի⡣
ɿ֦ľҡϣһɹ̫һ߼ʱʱһСɾµĸ㣬ҭסˣСӼʱȲ裬Ǻò⡣
իڣվڱ˶ٵİǰֳëʣظдǧġһҳ
һʱ̲סѯʵһҳҪʱ
ҿ㳭ôˡ»մĸмիڡ
Ťͷ۰Ͱ͵һҳ֣Ѿʶˡ
ɨһۣЦ׵ֽϣСĳֶд

ɫǺ죬СҡдֵĻ١
տʼѧд֣֦ŵϵĻҳèϺõıīֽ⣬ǰĻᶼûСǰµǳѩ˵ȻֽѩͣˣͿԶѩдܾúܾá
ֻ֦ëʵ÷ǲһģץֻëʣܾԼЩ̫ʹ
أƳһۣдõĻд֣㻹ϧ᣿
ͷһú
߽סСסֻ׵С֣Ƚ㣬ȷձơ
лҪ˵
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07 ȡӦõĻر
ůԴǼᵽϤ÷㣬ݵļˢһͦñֱ¶ˣԾ䱸״̬
⹬˱ЫҪôֻΪ۸˽ӽʱ׼ܻԾȡ
ǿ䡣
˿ˣȹͬ˯һŴϣôλᣬûж¹֡
ʲôأӵĽӲ΢΢һ㣬ڸʾ񡣡
оѣһ˿ΣСǸԲ
ʮС꣬ɤδȫֻƽϰαװһֳͬ˵ĳĮ
ʱ˾Сɤ̺ģͦ۵ġ
ǣŻˣڿʼע
סСֱ֣ϲ˺϶ѵı˺ü裬ôһС֡
̾һ˱ʣǺʼϺõֽߡ
ƣġӯ꾣šնء2
ͣʣʵֱֺȣΣ
ֱ㶵ضŰֽ֣һʱûп
û飬鷨ʲôоֱֵܷĺûȻ˵Ȼд⼸֣ġǧġϿ̵ֻҪÿ
ֱֵܷĺûЦȣ۸ˡôʱдҲСצٳġ
ʵ˸ССĻѣʮʱд־ѾܺÿˣëʱǦʺ͸ֱʶ˳ֵö࣬Сһֱǰдÿ
˵ֻӿһ¡
ȻƺôʶЦһ£ת˲ţӲܹǷһЩ
ģˮʯһ֮ɿСֹ֣ڳ֮Ժ㣬ʱգдñÿ
ȵէȻ뿪ԾһԼ֣ȻֺҲѿ
һҽձƼסԼдԡ
áϢŬղŵĸоȷձд
ȻֻǲôʹָʼֽϣŤŤ
һ㡣ٴǰ޳סݵ󣬡Ҫԡ
ģɤºᣬ䷳شϰơ
ڲ֪ߣƻʱ֣糺ϼǽڶֽŵİϣϢػ󳹵ʧ
ӣˡСƿţ߽իūƵơ
һԣ֣˿δţĲɸеο
һʦԻһѧ
ٹʱҪˡСƳһ۵£Ҫ𣿡
ԣ̧Դ
һʱĿмһ˿Լδڼ
ȴûпֻص²һš
ͷ·ղŵĶԻ޹ء
С̲סӡ
ɨһۣţ
С˲
ˣʱ͵ɡտɲ˯ͣʱ֮ǰҡ
Сӻڳ壬Ҫ֤˯ߣȻҪϰ֣Ҳ˯Ļϰߡ
ս˱ʸˣһһ
߹ȥݾܾسеıʣ˵ˮʯһֲ֮ǵˣ
ҡ
ëʷŻرʼϣңܶ㻹ʶ
ˣòͣ¡
Թջдľ֣һԣȻȥˡ
šһѵڣȥ·СЩ
СԸµӣū澿͵»ȥ
㻹Ե£ˣʹ˸ɫ
СһãȻ
ûٶְһ£ԥת߳Сի
ֻʣͶˣСӿ˼ûԼʲô¶ûãֻôŵʵӣūʲô𣿡
ˡе飬һԴ󣬲ҪԵԵ̫硣
СӺףū澲⡣
ǲѾȫˣλʲôָʾ
Сӣ⡭
ã˶ǻ𣿡
ȻǡСӺԥҡͷֿӣǺˡ
ˣҲǻˣҲ㲻ϺˡЦһã˶𣿡
Сԥһ£ٴҡͷࡣ
ɫߵ»øһ㣬ЩԹ޳ˣ㲻ʩԮ֡ߣΪֺĳЩˣһлǻزһš
Сɫ䣺ӣ˼ǡ
ԶԵºãҪĵģκ˷֡Ӹģмƻ㰴˵ɡ
ǻʹ̤һԨ
***
գգҲʵá
ȻеõǣԼܵ͹Сͽܵѧϰ
ԭУûнܹϵͳѧϰɱλķʽ򵥴ֱǲϵɱˣɱˣɱˡ
óȨııɱҡĻӵ̫ӵ£ͬһͷڰݷҰޣҪɱ˭㲻ɫضŻɱٷС
⼸յѧϰУһž޴ĸﺣ࣬һŽ֪ʶĺ󣬱ԴԴϵˮݡѧϰǿҲˣ̶̼գס˽̸ʣһҲдúģˡ
ĿǰȣΪԼĽѧܿԽһ׶ˡ
иеͷ۵⡣
ӶϿʱǳʱѧеСͽܣһ۰Ͱ͵¸󣬲ԽСիϥǶԷǰ𴲡
¸̫๬ŮǣԴϴαӷ涼˲٣񿴵ߵڹǰҲȥߣֻõûԸæԸġ
ʱһ̣̤ţȻּӶڽűߣԲĹĵСԹӶɿɿɰһСš
Ҳ˵ˣϿԶ˯һڴ˸ǷЩΣ
൱õϢϰߣԴӴȻ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪⸱屾ҪĥϣܹǶ͸еһƣ롣
һµڷĴ۾˯š

㳤ˣ֪˯ĺôˡ
ľݣͻȻ˯ţɣ쿪ʼ˾Ժ
㶣ʲô
ԺɨС̫ˣа·߻Ӱɣ
ͣ½ŲƳһۣ𣿲ҽ㰡
˵գԺкϵͳ007𣿡
ϵͳôͻȻˣ
Ұٶһ£ȷԼҪ졣
ϵͳ
㻹浱ǰٶȰٿưе
㲻𣿡
Թ鱧ԹϵͳǷɿѼϣȻһĵֱӴ͸Ĵԡ
ŵĿյһϣ׼ڿνָСͽϰ
ǸıǮѧϰҪҲҪ
Ȼûţ¸һλ֮͡
ٸһϮۣ֥һڣһԵСŮ̲ס͵͵˼ۡ
ٸ¿ӣϵʪ˲֣ݹ٣ʧԶӭ
ô˵ģ鶼䵭ȫǸ˼
Ҳ⣬һЦòɣˡ
֪ٸǰΪ£
裺±㲻ǰ߶ţ

㶼˵߶ţܲܣ
Ӵ΢䣬ǣһĨòĻȣٸ롣
ĿǰвԭλϵΣǴӺԪ״Ԫɣ̫ٸ׵
Ʋ̸
лصغѿһʼղԼ⡣
⣬źĹŮ
ֻʣٸˣٸлֱ˵ǳһȲ裬żɽ
ĬƬ̣ӷ̵߻ӣ࣬ʽչΣ
ʵ⣬ػصߵδɣȻ
ϴ㱨̫ӵĻһģһ
ӣҲǴ̫ӵʻġעĿºͶ峺
ɫ˼仰ĿŶȡ
ԴϴδӶûٳͷЩٶ϶ͱ˱˶ΪǰԤ̫ӵʱʲôɡ
ôͻȻãĿĵʲôأ
̵ߵ£κ˵ǸֵĲ£ǴӶġҲ˲յƲȥҶĭӣβ
ü΢Щػ
̶һӣаתǧصɣû뵽Ȱġ
ɫƽѵĳûǴʮպӵ
ţʶʾɻ󣬵Ӧ죬̸ĿڵΪٸǵҵ
вûȷᵽԭȻҲ޴֪û뵽վġ
ٸ㵽ֹһתӵĲ費
ٸϲԺұȥϡ
裬ĳɲҶζͬڹﵱĳӵĲ裬ɷ
۽ޣЦٸٺᣬԣôܽв
ҲЦ˵ԽԽȤˡ
ôһ⣬ȴ£ǰˣԸסطľҲЩ
躬Цá
˰غһյ裬ǡеĿĺܼ򵥣Ȼ͵㲻ٴ
š
һǰһ̤ȴԶԶվڻǰޱضǡ
ѹɤ򵥽͵Ѳ⣬Ļǵ
Ӳصģµ̽ѡĳɫ׵迴߻ӣܸһξ룬ȴܸоǺƽĿ£ƺһЩʲô
߻ӽӴ٣һֱ߻ӲϿ˳ܡ
ٸߡһС̫࣬ٸض
΢ЦĿٸ뿪ߣŰһ
Իһ۵ĲԶ֣
վԭһҲ֪ʲô
ظһ飺
أضˣһС˿Сȳ߹
̧һԴ߰ɣ׼ʼѧϰˡ

ŲСͽܳĬĿ飬ȼյĹΣȻµؼһڿݡ
һӵʣһʽʼڿΣѸٽⶼ֮Ժר־ؽѧϰ״̬
򢣬СͽܵרעǳǿԹгɴߣų͵רע
***
ҲСիõġ
ͷգӻ乬ţٻڿΣ⼸սûôϸˣɿԼһš
ӵʢҹйأһʣʳܼһͣҲ̫๬Ůǳʣµʳ
˷ѣԼһҲԲ˼ڣ϶˸ԵӣθڵǺ˲١
Щû˸棬ѵҭˡ
Ӳ˼ط°ǷĿӣﻹķˣһֻСܣһֻգһ˫۾ɰֺЦ
Щֲǽԡ̿ЮһŴĺŽָһˣش䣬׼ʳ
¶ӣ볤ôԼǵһչһС
Ƕӣûֵܽãʮ꣬ĸΪһ˫˫ȥֻ¾޶ŲԼһ̳еĹ˾
ʱֻǸδ꣬˳µؽӹ˹˾Լ޶Ųڣ岻̰Ĳˣٱ϶ܺãСʵһš
СֻʷĻȤûҪһ乫˾Ҳһ⡣
˳̳й˾Ĺɷݺ;޶ŲȻ󽫴󲿷ŲḣԼרĶ飬һ
һֱΪԼǸˣǮḣҲΪôаģֻǲһֱ˵ǵľ޶Ʋ˵ǹһնЩǵ룬徻ˡ
ԣĵһֻﵱ磬ϵͳ´Ȼ˳صԼ硣
ȻʱദԼĳûôӲǰʳС̣һ˫ˮ۾ʱɾ֮顣
Ȼĵ㣬չ˱ķɡһɹµΪʵһʦ
뵽ӵЦ
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Сӳڴڼ״̬̰죬Ե߰˷ֱһɾСƵؽ⡣
Ǹˣʶ𣿡
ӵһʶ
˵ʵ
ʶ
ܺãϲʵСͽܣϲſ˵ѵĻӡǲǺܺ棬ʲô
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ܲµʲô΢˫ѹɤ̫Ӹ磬˽٣
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ĿǰΪֹǲ
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˵Ļʹ⽻ΣڽԼĺ¶ˣǺΣյΪ
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ѵһľαڵأһ졣
С춯żæŵһŽӣʲôˣ
û¡ƽػ˻֣Ҹ̸飬ȳȥɡ
ʱһʮĺչˣʱҲͶԷƽȵؽ
Сֻ˳ȥ
ҪôţҸ˵Ҫȣȥ
ֻǸʮСԤеķӦҪ
ӲطľΣϡ
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ɤѹüͣҲ롣
ʲô׷ʡ
һ£ѵؿڵҲ롭һλ
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롣
أ˵òã˵Ҳ㲻ϻֱϰһ㣬ʲô£ȡӦõĻر
лҪ˵
ӣΪʦɲǸŶ
С̣ɰҲǡ
עͣ2ݳԡǧġ


08 ع𣚣ں֮
˵ʱһضСӣ䣬ֱļٿȻи˼֡
ӦȫӵԤ֮С
Ȼ̧ܿʯƯ۾ֱõʲôر
˫ֺ£سס򢣬ʵܸʲô
˫
һеܸʲô
ĵصȴġ
ȻԸ̵ң϶ɡݵĳĬĿƵؿڵҪʲôյҸˣҲһܸ
ϸϸ׵СƬ̺󣬺ȻЦãõúܡ
һЦʱѩڣķӦ⻹ǲ⣬üġ
ССͣҪܳüġɤСӡ
СѸ˽кηԸ
˰ѷ˶˰ɡ
Сӣǣӡ
С̫ü˳۵ֽ߽ؽųȥͷβ̧ۿһ۹ӡ
תۼ䣬Сիֻʣʦͽˡ
ǰʣӺдʫ
һƲִٲվڽӣǶʲô
ҡȭͷ̲סСѯʵһԼѧ𣿡
Ȼأ΢һüͬ˵ĻֵԷ硣
ڵ۾͸һ˿ãȻ

⼸յѵЧʶ߹ȥ
̧֣һӵСҪĻرڵȷʵˣҺġ
ֱ˵ظСͽܣûҶãλεͼı
δһֹСͽܴĵ׾Ͳš
û뵽СͽܱԤڵĸû£ѣ⵹֮ϲ
ȻϰֽǵľٶԴȻ˶㡣
һôô֣һ㲻ˣ
ͳʱȣʱյͶιӵС㳤һ⡣Ȼָлǲãˡ
Ķһ٣һԭء
ãָһСſʼһֵĽѧ
ǰĹӺǵı޿ξǴͳľʷ顣ѧǴͳѧʮסʫ顷񡷡ȡʷжʮһʷټϴӺʷٱ׫ġӺʷɶʮʷ
ϧԴͳѧԲûܽѧʮǳȴΪϤġʫʼҲʺϳѧߡ
ع𣚣ں֮ޣŮӺϡ3
ʫƪһʫǡ¡һдŮ衣
˼ӦǺõԭбһδģδй飬δˣ˸ȱݡ
ʫϿڣ⣬ж˳ر
ʱ˾ţ缢ƿʵ֪ʶֱȫʧԾһδģ
ѽÿڸͣȲɶʱڿʦȻ𾴡
ȵɡ²յɤӣǻѧ㽫ȥ
¶һ˿ϲɫҿԴȥ𣿡
ѵҪעⱣˣҪҵ
صͷƺڣһѽ鱧˻Ǳʲôİ
ЩЦᵯһĶͷҹݽϣס𣿡
ٴεͷ˻顣
ע⵽СԼʱķŻûóˣһûء

Цӯӯ֮ĸ߶˼ҽ̲㣬ҿԽǿ尡
ЦЩ⣬ʱľֻܸԺߡ
һ˫⿪ͬϸĵСͽܵƣ΢΢£˫żתǰԡơ
ܽӲûһСȶӾʹ˲еҶ
ҧأһԵؼš
ŵһϰʱˣųˣվֱСģ
ۼֿǰһһѽסҡҡλϵСͽܡ
ԤʹûڶһͷײůĻˣһƬհףֻǼ⴦˺ŵ㡣
û°ɣЩգС磬ġ
֮ҪСͽðװһЩ
ҡû¡ؿڣص
û¾ͺáһɿ˫ۣվ𣿡
ͻˣֻǴаһǣĵʲôҲһ˳
Ȼȥˣųܵ۽ޣĪʧڵϡ
ţȥɡ˻֣ĵض·СЩ
áӦˣת̤ɫ뿪¸
***
ҹķ磬̹ǣһϤĹϣ̲ס¶ںеĲ
¸乬̶һӵľ룬ȴ·Ǵɹܵظ
վڻĲݴ乬ǰźڰɭɭƲסԼĵһ
ʮǰ﷢һޣ˺ʱ㱻ѾϰһУùͷʪı죬Ĵ齣ǽ֨֨ҽе
ҹܾĽܳᣬķҡ
ϥڴϣĿضҹʳ
Ϊûгʳ乬С캮ضжҲøٻ
ڳںǴ򽻵ĹУѾܽ㹻ľ飬齣ŲӽʱſȥںڰǰŻ
֨һ죬Ѹײڶ֮ץסֻ©֮
ץˡɫСϾйһ˿Ц
ڵϣֻСڽŵ£һһԷһЩظüΣС֨ѽҽƴ
ԼЩ˵Ь£ͽͶҵ
ɫȻһ䣬˲ʧȥ˼Ȥ
ɿţ׼ӴܵһɲǣݺһŲȥ
ͬʱϴһɤСͽܣ˯ô
һʧ񣬽µĶ˶٣ññƶǵСˡ
ɫת⡣
¹£޳վڴǰɫʣϰ˺ڰ۾ȴز׽سЦ
һڸɬҺ
Ͷе飬ıˡ
Ƭ̺ŵȼڵʱ
ŵͷֻصǰԼʳУСŷһҩżҲϲζûڣˡ
ڵļζƮңȴֻԶԶվš
ҲϲһۣԹԵϲҲúȡ
Ʋ
ĵغһ⣬ˣ볢
ɲô˵˫ŶǱ˵ϡ
ĸһ
ڲ鲻ԸŲ˹ȥ
㱻Цˣ̧뽫һֻû½ǣͱ˦ˡ
СͽʲôŤ
ࡣӺＷһ֡
˵ʲô
лҪ˵
ӣˣߣ
עͣ3ݳԡ¡



09 ʥ
ü΢Լˣ˼ȷϵࣿ
۽޵ʹ£û
죬Сȴվڱϵɫɢžǧ֮Ϣ
ð˲˵н񱣬ٽһֱָɸɾûࡣ
Ķˣɫŭ̯ģԾ֮ǰž֡
ŻȻʶƺˣСֲԾ°ڣָڲУҡ
ࡣ
乬һж࣬Լ
κ͵ػع
һʱЩЦãƹߵСͽǰ΢΢ȤѲû֮ǰ͵͵ͣ
ʶϵûС
Ūˣϴϴɾͺˣ¶ӦĻᣬ׼ݵ׽סСϸ󣬡ȥϴ֡
ӰС걻ǿ˳ĻӳãȻСϣԵмִɵɵ
ɷ˵ߡ
乬ȻҲСŷֻƽģ̨϶˺һҡ
һȦҵһɾСľͰȥԺˮ
ҹ¼ͣľˮȵģ滹ð˿˿ưɫ
Ъһ֡
߹ȥˮͰ峺׵ˮȻڵˮܺȡ
֪ûȡĳ䣬ֻϴֶѡ
صϣŴʹˮһ㶼ǸȻɽȪˮľˮϴɨ߷ֹ֣ͽȡˮ
һΪԻʹǵĽ֦Ҷº󹬶УˮͶҩ߶ʬ
˼ˣɫһ䣺Ͷھɣ
ֻ˵Ĭˡ
һ첲һ㼦Ƥװ򶨵ǻǲϴˣȽȥɡ
ƭġٿȻչһЦûͶھ

СӣǡһμСͽ¶ЦݣһʱŻˣ㵨ӲС
ϵЦڣڳ۵׵ӳӯӯ¹⣬һƬ
ʵҲƭ
ǰ뽫Ͷھץס˾أʮָ׶ˣյȷѳΪ⾮µһʬ塣
ֻСͽĺԼ˸ЦߴϽִ֣һϸɾϵˮ顣
ȫ̹ԹԵŪ
˻صƫǰҡҷĻ¼ֻ׺С֡
ҸĶҩôãƿƤӣȴӵֱ㶵ֻڴ
Ȼǰսһ㣬ЦֻСҧģ
ǰСҧһѾˣڻڴγһɫ״˰̡
ˣ˿ڿִۣܲɰ񣬺覴ãɫԵΪͻأ·ƻһʥС
򴽣۵һ˿
ûʲô˵ġܿջ֣ĸһ¼أ
ǿнԼĿֻŲ´βˡ
΢һüָһĶͷ㻹´ѽ
Ҳ˵׼С⡰Ϊ鲻ΪȫӣʱգٷСһҧɿڵĸɺܴ
ûж㿪ָײ΢΢
Ҳ
ȳȰˣͿҩ´ʳУԶףһڶʣ
ӹѣá
ֳ򢣬Сͽƺ«Ƶֻͷĵεûǲ˶
н
***
֮вţתۼֹȥա
һ磬ŸС⴫ӣչˡ
ֵĶһ١
չⲻϻʵźĴ̫
һɨգ˲첽߳ڵ
ӣϲˡһţɫ̫չϲЦտء
ҲЦչʥʲôּ⣿
չʥּʥۼӵء
⣬̹½ּ
չʼּ
ʥּݷϻƪֻܽһ˼룺ϧһԶʢ븸һȹش˶ͽΣ㻹ʲôҪĶͬ
ˣʥ϶͵ʥ̧չʥּһɨŵС̧̫ӡ
лʥ¡
չӣʥⶣҪҪԵʹͣۼһعʥɡ
ʲôҲҪȴӦãǱͷչˡ
һǰһ߳ɫؕһСիķ򣬹ȻضӺ󣬰й۲ǡ
δ࿴չһ߳ȥ
Ϊ˱鷳ڹ߶Ҳ֮ǰȥ˶̫ӸȻܵڵ乬˶ԻʹĲһҲϤ
˴ʥ㰵м·ߡ
鷿⣬̫ͨչСĵƿӣŲỺ̤˵ڡ
ڰǰۣ¹һĴ󳼣Ҳ֪˶ãͦñֱ
΢ݼϡÿۣ¸ۿͷ밲
һִˣϹأ¹ĸȴҲòףظϻʵ¹밲
ķ⽨ᰡ
񡣡̧ۣЦ̧ͷɫΣ
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ʮֵ׳꣬һϮۣ̬дһĵϡ
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۴ЦСӣԽԽˡ
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ģš۶˶٣ʮ֮ʣޱ㴫㸸뾩мӹ֮Σ
ĵͷװʲôˣȴһϲģϵ棿
Ϸԡº͵ССͱʢ֮ãضǻ˼и֡
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ص˵ͷ״ڵ㣬ԸҪ߻ӵ̽оΣ
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͸֮ɫ߻δɣ΢ѧʶǳ̵ġ
Ϊˡĵô룬Ǻӻм̵ıҪ𣿡
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ǰգٸҲɳô˻ᶪɽ󣬻ضӡ
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ϣ΢ţֻΪߵɣ̵ТšܵΪ˵ߵѧɣ»ҪõͬλһͬѧΪϲߡ
лҪ˵
С̣ôòѵ治Ҫˣ
ӣǵùС
ǰ˵һԪ֡ףµһ귢ƣ



10 
鷿ڣš
˹ڵϣȴ̬ͦ񣬷ֻǳһѰ¡
ڰĪظŹµ꣬ðκ󣬲ƿڵ⻰ǫˡ
΢޶ۡ
ϻ޶һ˵۲ؿ޵Ǻպĺ󽫾㣬˵СӹδϹսȮӣ޽߻ӽ㣬ȻǷĵġ
аԷЦȴ˼̧ҵ
ֵ߻׳ٶҲ޷ͷϻмǣֲҲҪͨТšܱ㹻ˣҰĽš
Ȼڳ򲻸ƴǡһеһľϵĺ񰮡
ã۵õĻش𣬿µҲ˳һš
ʥ϶ֻͣܳӦˡ
һųԵСĻɫԲȥżҲù۴Ц
ǧϺ꣬ǰˮ©
СӳúãһһŴݣ̧ػʱһЦΪĿչȡһϺõİɫã
ϺãֻᱡůȷǸö
ٴΰлʥ¡׼ʱʵ¸źūſɻ֣ٲЩСŮ㣬ɺã
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ۼұȥźʥˡչЦеСЩع
ת̤½ݣߡ
ãǿаƾʱӡص¸
һ·ߣ֪¸ǰˣ䲻ȴһС̫סȥ·

㡣ϵ˷ϴȥǸС̫ࡣ
С̫๪񣺡̫ӵڶ磬빫Ӹ硣
ɰԷ˸ۣԭ֮շûôһż
һ죬ٴǰϴθ򶨴ݼ֣վſڵ沿飬̤ڵ
һţӳȴֹ̫һˡ
ѽǸˣһλԼʮδȥɬУò̫ӵмơ
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巵Ŀ˲ڰ׺ϡ
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Ȼϵãƹӣ첽ߵǰȥAʱһֻϡİ׺꣬Ƴãɱأ
˵ûãȷǷʥ͸ҵġûϵûô⡣
۲ýһ𣿡
ܣĪ硣ʱ̫ӵ·ˣֵԭȥˡ
ˡ
ЦǰԤԵòֵһˣ
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̫ӵ²ɸƴЦԽԽϹµƢˣ
Ц޳Ưָ⿪ϵµݸӣôǵûɡ
Ͼ֮ˡ
߸˵ؽӹãڻüɫ磬ȥAʱ㲡˲ڣûֻܿʱˬӢˣʱ
ˣӢ¼˭˲֪巴ĻٴЩɡ
Ŷðɡ鲻Ըرͣźûصλϡ
ûвֵܼĶԻӵ޳Ǹ̫ǰӣҲ۱С̫ӵ²ˡ
һյ̫ʵټ㣬Щʲô
صһЩҳˡ
΢һͣ٣ֱʵʿߵܵĹΣ
˵̧ۿ̫ӣü΢ʥϸһЩѹ
巣ϸ˵˵
һ˵߻޶ۣѽ̵̾һʥ֮⣬ҼȻ߻ӵ̽Ӧ̳һЩɹ򡭡
üͷôģ
һ¡ һֹۣ
ʾӣܣȥһ̡ͬ
õģӲԹ˳ȥ
ֽ̫Ŀת˵޷
ʥ뽫ҴӶȥ¸ˣȫ
̫ɫ˳Ǻ⣿
Ұȥ¸󣬻˼ζʥ϶һ
һ̫ӵɫѿˡ
ʥϲƤӵ¸ЩСʲôԷ˽ۣѲ⣬Էһһ߶Ϊá
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һ̫ӵںģǰԭƻӰһֵ硣
ĽǶΪǵӣһһ͵ֵø˵Īڿ̫ǿջЦ·
Թʵ֮ĹϵȻţר.̶ԻȨķָ
Ȼìܿ͹۴ڣôֻҪԼì֮ԭ֮ƣһʰ
ȻֻǳûһССӣĵȴѿ֮ա
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˼ۣ֣ʰɾ׼ȥһ乬
ҹţŵعϷţߵԺһOO@@
˭һԴ΢ĴѸת˼Է߲ƣԾȡ
ܿ죬㽫ᵽɤ۵ķ˻ȥ
Ӻ滺߳ģɲ׼ȥҵСͽܡ
ҹģʲôŲ߹ȥרΪң
վԭأһԲӽϡ
˵ͣ½ŲЦң
ҹϡӳ֮糺ɫӸֶЦӯӯöǡ
һʱЩΣȻμԼԭ򣬿ʵ㡪Ϊûл
ϳβΪղ㸸ʣȥ˶̫Ӹ
ɫһ䣬żⲻԾڵĥ䣬ҲͰ͵ģ˵ʲôй𣿡
֪ﻹǰǼ£СȵڣҲԼͻȻԡ
ѽǵصһСͽܵţ˲۵Ǳ˭ࡣ
һᣬһ˫ʪĴ۾Ĭ̧ͷ
һֻС̹ǧҵˣȴǰֻǿС䣬ڴ˻
һָ̧Сͽë޵ĺף̾ϢҪ˵ΣŻԸţĲ㣿
лҪ˵
С̿ʼʪС̹ٺ١
ֱǣ۵࣡



11 ң
缸꣬ЩһֱԼʲôʴӲ乬ûӣĸ򳣳ҪһʱҲͣߣôûڻʱһͷײ
ʶԣǴһͱˡ
һ̣ǰ̬֣صŵ
һĻԴӡھºԺػÿһϸڡ
ɢǹ⣬βĻȣʪ˫أ¶ϢŨ÷ޣĵһҲȻʧɫ
ô䣬ɵվﴵˡƬ̺ջְ֣οƵСͽļ磬ȥ˯ɣճ
šɫĮȻӦƴת̧ǰߡ
סȥĶ
һ٣ϲɸֳһ˿ãȻ
Ǳߡεָ̧һ򣬺Ȼһ£ǲǻûţ
Сӻ㱨˵ʱȥСի˾Ͳˣ͵͵ĸŶء
ڴͷתѹʶϵѾԹˡ
䣬ձСӾʹһĹ๾ڼžҹ쳣С

Сס֪롣
ȻʧЦСͽ˸̨£ҶˣҪٳԵ㶫𣿡
ѩ׵Сһ˿ײĺ죬Ϊѵص˵ͷ
СŷһƬ࣬ʳĳ߰ڷ룬乬ĻγĶԱȡ
Ϊ˷ֹҹʳСŷһʱͨ籸ҹﱣ¡
ƿӣһճĳඹ࣬һϺСȣĴֿܲθ
ҹȫ˳̨ϣʾСͽܳȳԡ
Ҳûڵ룬һڳඹ¶ǣֻȫů
һߣЩˡ
㲻𣿡ѯʵ
ЦԵô㣬ͱˡ
Щ󣺡Ϊʲô
ٽһɡشȤɫɲ͡
ʵ̫ӸԵò٣ʲôҲȥˡ
ɫɲͣգ۽ޣа
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գգﱸĺ
ԭǸµӣƫƫΪʵ¿º׽һĵʹͣŷ׷Ͼ׼
ЩȫûȤڹô㹻İǺõģ˵׼ʲôʱõϡ
ǣ½Сӣͳһ¼嵥űɴźá
Ž飬Щǵûġ
ʱ֣ӵıļ顣
ӡŷĻԱƻĺۼû⣬ֱӲš
ӳ裬·͸͸ֽıʷ棬һִ֮˵ķɡ
дŵˣӣ󽫾ҲԭĴ硣
޷һЩҳ㱨һаãһԶʢһҪúչԼлȥ̽㡣
ɨۣɺ˼顣
жԭͼ˵Ĺϵī٣ԭһ꣬Ϣıû˸ʢɥԭʬ
Ҳʬա
ӣ̫˰㡣С˫̴ľ߽ҹԼѬˡ
Ƴһۣ̫ģ
Сӻصǰȥ깫Ӵһҹ˯òȣ̫㽫İ͸ӡǰʱѬȼˣⲻ̫ˡ
ôǺѬ㣬˼
֪ԭ̫ݣʼڰȨġ֮Ҫ߻ӿɣҲǳĸĴȰֻ̽۵׻Ļûн̫
ԣ̫Ե޹ʵغߣ
ûô򵥡
˼ţ⴫С̫ͨӣٸǲڵš
ɡջطɢ˼̤ڵ
պ̫˵ǷǶǵĻãٸӣֻǰ
ݼӡ˷Ϻ񣬡ĺ񡪡ķı
΢һüλٸ˼
߹ȥ޳ִ򿪺ӡ
Ǻʣ̻ī̴ֽƶ⣬ķı֮ףƷѡʱһЩ˼
ллٸֽӹ񣬺Ц˳תһ䣬Һϲ
һһ۵ػصһʵת
ƫͷʾСӸЩʹͣԼķıصڡ
ʱһСӰͻȻ˽
۽ޣôˣ
СڴĿе̨ϣвβסȸԾʫŪˡ
һ磬ҪԼһȫµʫʣˡ
һΪʲôأһʧЦãٸϺõķı
šٸ֣üۼļʱʧˡ
ʲôСͽ֣ơ
Ŀɵ߹ȥָֻֽϣϸİֽҪӨ󼸷֡
ҽյģϲһݺ񡣡ЦٺÿЩ軨׷𣬽ķıת㡣
ֱضָصҲҪ
С֪ķıءֻʶһԲĹĵĺףˣȥĹΡ
תߣһԵظһСͰ͵
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ҹ乬ĴϣȥôҲ˯š
Ժвϻ˵ĻԼķı
¸󵽴˺Ҳһ񣬿˼ǰԼȻ͡
һУֿտա
ܣ̧ӵĸãëУᵽսѵ÷㡣
÷㡭ȵȣ
͵شӴϵץ£һףһ߿첽ߡ
ǵýһƬ÷֣˵Ϊϲ÷ԸʱһƬ÷֡
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ʱֵ£÷ȴš
վ÷£֦ͷ޵÷ǰ㸡ֳӯӯЦݡ
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Ųһļٿع𣬻¶˹״̬
ϣⲻߵ𣿡Ԫɴ۾˼ҹĲ乬˯ҹ͵
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𣿡ԪԼź̫࣬˵ǲ͵
ǣĵ˵ǣС̫Ķ˵ǡ
ߵܣ͵Ļϰ߸˭ѧİԪȤУʲǲ׼ڹ𣿡
һ²һ£ҧҧصͻȥ
ȵȣԪ׷ߣ𣿡
ס÷ָ֦һսؿ߽
Ԫͣ½Ų֡žžشŵܵܵѵ㿴㣬һηηùӣһˣ
ʹһԡ
ľ飬ֻҪԪ湻ˣȻͻߡ
ˣ˵ʰǸ͸̽ˣԪĵܵܵô̫ӵĻ֮ûĥɣ
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ݺһ£Ԫһɱİ
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ˣԪһĵʹƵŪС
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ĹУԼСĴ꣬ܿ㽫乬һ԰
԰һ˴ΪƫƧ˼ȹ˷ֳʬ壬ֹʲôأ
ͣڳǰת׷Ԫ
ѾãȻҹ޿ˣǱǰֳɡ
ССԪûҵܶ۵ϥǴաҷǴ޵ﲻɣ
ǡȻ¶һЦݣһһȥĸ磬֪ˮˣȥ𣿡
Ԫźڳӣĵ׺ȻӿһǿҵĲʲô
䣬͵سȥסϡ
ʲôԪӦˡ
ɱһͷųļꤵӣһҧסɿڣҪѪ
ԪҲ벻ƽ˳ܵߵܾҶ֣û£㱻ݺײ˳
ͨһһ޴ˮ
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վڰߵСбѪɫٿȻȥ
һ˲˫һԼһͷԽ
ң
лҪ˵
С̣Һú¡ң
ͽܱ£ˣ



12 綫ٱɽ
϶һ飬˯ٳٲɴ
ʱСͽһƲֵСģѰ˼ѵΪսѧʱϸЩ
ȻΪѾóʮֵģǵһϵǺ޻ѧżʧִ硣
Сͽܿɱѧϰ顣
˼ȥϵˮ𻨸⣬ֽãȥСͽܡ
˭֪·һ԰ʱⷢһС̫Żŵ԰ܡ
ʶԼȴС̫ﺰţĵ£ߵ£ūλ±ˣ
ߵ£
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˵ȿ첽߽԰Ķ
ѰƵĿߣϱСͽܵң
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˼º˳ؿȳǺˮ
ŻصƽɣʱС̫Ҳҵһ֦̻̲ӣū澡ū澲ˮ
ɵһ
ˮԪѾˣ˵Ļݼš
̵ʱڣԺͷٴ³ȥĻˮ棬ץסС̫ĸľߡ
һˮˣƣߵڵϣָС̫ࣺҵ¡
ǣС̫żæŵԶһĳɹƣԵĻӽмȡ
ԹŴҽˮ׼λĻӽҹ˻Բ˿Ҳǲġ
һɳ΢ɤ
һ٣ףûˣ
ʪ͸Сͽܣ۵Դнٺĺ£ĸ硢ĸҪɱҡ
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ԭУСһɱ˾Ļӣ֪ؽ԰һƽ
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Һú¡ڵнӿһˮ΢Ƶɤϸϸս״εΪҪˡΪҲˡ
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ȻĽǶڻеСӣйһ˿Ц⣬аָеľ̲
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***
ü죬ѸٽĻ̧ؽ
λһͬˮδ޵Ĺۡ
Ҵһعʪ͸Я߻һ̤ͬ
ڣ̫ҽ͹Ů̫æһţڹۻĨᣬʱʹȥ
ݣ΢ϡ밲
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⵽ô£üͷö˶˵ģԪôˮ
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㽫ҹһһʮ˵ɡ
С̫ʿˮҹĵ̫ӵ¹˾ƣعʱ·÷֣ǡߵ£ǰסߵ£˵˵
΢˵ʲô
С̫߶µĵ˵ߵ͵ӡ
ۣ
С̫ࣺλ±ִĵ´ߵ¼ơ
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ɫѻ˵ꡣ
С̫׳ŵӼߵ°ȾܣĵҲ׷ȥū澸λº棬ܵ԰⣬ӡ
ʱ̰Щųȥɢʳӹ̤԰ʱλ¶ˮڣȥȿȡ
仰δ˵꣬һ˺ѷεĿˡ
а˳ĺڷʪذڼĵɫ԰ףµϸ÷·һ綼ܴ
һԲĪĿ⣬ڵ°׹ŵ߻ϡ
ϣūŵĻѽؿڣ޵ҼʶҿĻʶδһҪడ
κ󣬹ƿ˵ҹ֮½ĵ𣿡
С̫಻ҿ
ۣ޹ܽ޷λֳ˵Ȼ֮£
մŭˢˢһأĳҭҲС
ˡⲽȻһ䣬ġĹūȥȱУ
С̫౻һӵϵѹסæͷģȻӲߵ³
ңӾңūԩģС̫ƴҵȴԶ
ڵϣڿеֽճȭͷ޼ָġ
ֱ˿̣ʶʹУݽ档
С̫࣬߻ӣӣֻҪʵһ仰ͷпܲ
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΢֮£Ҫʹ͡Ŭά֮Ǿ콫ĵҽκá
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ʹһػصĸ˵뿴÷ȥ÷ժ˼֧
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ǲԸ̸乬λǰƣػ˻֣ˣˡ
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ҹ£Ҳ˭˭΢Ϊߵµ̽Ѵ̡ߵݣ˼
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***
˴ޣٴλص乬ѽʱ
վڵ⣬Ը֮ǰ㶼Ҫˡ
Ŀһǹأ
շһʱ´멣ϣ㣬Թң
˫۶ҡҡͷ
ĻѲ׷Ź㡣̾һǱ㣬ͬʱҲǳͽ䡣
ͽ䣿šüģϸֳɫ
С̣Ҵıɿ֣ڵʵҹǡ·Σ
Ĵ۽ޣסһ֮ɫ
ҹû·֪ɱԪ˭Ҳɲͷϡ
СͽһͷɥַŻˣȻȥ˯ɡε£취
ȵȣȻ̧һ¡
˵գתȥ
һͷˮصԭأʱСͽ˳ż֧÷
ᴭСؽ÷ٵǰһʱ֪ôӺ˵ֻһ˫ʪС
޵ڣ÷Ѳǰޣ۵Ļճˮ飬ҲԵˮ顣
ǡĿڽ޵ĺ÷ϣԺһ⣬ڴǰ
ʱ䣬ӿһû뵽ԼᱻһʮĺӸж
ףִٵһ¶ǻԲ綫ٱɽ

лҪ˵
ӣͽܣǹʮգǹʮ١



13 ͨһ
֮յˡ綫ٱɽֿõףԸҹص¸󣬻һ󲡡
⸱̫סˮڣ˺Ȳˣ޵ؿԣߡ
̫ҽʥ֮ÿ׼ʱ׼ǰ¸Σ԰ҩҵҵ˿ҵɲɽȥ˿ٳٲת
ʶůԵŽСͽܣʱʱǲСӣЩԴöȥ乬
΢Щˣǿžһһעʫʸ踳͸乬еСͽѧԴʱ䡣
ʦͽˣһ乬һ¸ͨŸսҲмȤ
ֻСӣܴŵʹ
ĺתһĺ
Ӵգ壬̿ϴĵչ͸ǽߣӡ
󲡳ɫ԰ףʹһë޵ĺãϸҲһ۱ϡ
ӣշǽڵܱܷɣСվ࣬ĿⵣǵȰ
ʵĿκ󣬲Ȼصҹٲɹɹ̫ԴϾ͸óˡ
Сӡ͡һЦӣ˵Ц
¸̫๬Ůææµµɨ֦ϵĴϼᣬһϲ
ʲôϲô
ǳϦˣӡСЦеػصɸϳϦȬǸͷһ޲֣
ô찡£źãһ˼
***
ѰռһС׼Խ㿪ʼﱸ»ºżæýŲմأڳϦ֮ǰһð׵
Ϧ֮գ˯ʱ룬ϴϣؿůϷ鼮
մӺϰףϦգʵԼλӹԲ磬ϧԭһˣر׼ԭһ硣
ճϦȴڽСٳǰԸСӣ÷ʢЩ͵乬ȥ
СӦūס
Ϧʼڳеµ̤ʱɺͻǣ׷ӭӡ
ƴۣ΢΢̧̧֣񡣡
ǰڷ֮ӺݻĻ̫밲ĸ򸣽𰲡
̫ﺬЦˡ
ؾصԼλϣ۹۱Ǳǹģͻ̫ʵĸТĳ
ⳡ磬˻ʹеĸλǡڳλϵеֵȴָһһжòСġ
Ƭ̺̫º͵ĿɨһȦʵô
һɫ죬Ψδţش
δ˹Ĺ乬λ߻ӵĴڣ˲Լͬӻʼ޳û뵽꾹̫˳
ɫ΢߻ڽС
ģػڽأ̫ü΢ͬף㷸˴Ҳúӹǡ
ĸ֪ʱ΢΢ʵԪԴǰˮˣȴջججֻϾ֪ղȬ
а²ۣ±Ӱɡ
ڹҲĻʺοعģ̫ҽӣҽκĻӡ
ɫ̧ۣ̬˷Ļʺ
ԭλӺĻʺţ޿ƾ˳ӻʥٳ裬۲ΪĸµĻʺ
ԭ̫泯ǰ۶ݸʹԸʺĸŵڸ߹ԺգͼӸԴնȨ󹬹ͷ
Ȼλʺ㵱չֳʶ
ȻҲ
ˡؼֲͣõӣЩɥ¡
̫ӵ¼״æתƻĸһ磬һֻϲȵߴߴеǺ˵ǷԤʾŹϲأ
⺢ӣĸġ̫ȰЦкϲ£Ī̫Ҫ̫
һ
ǰλӰ곤˳̫󡢻ϺͻʺߵȡװнĺɰҲ׳ƵѹǮ
ڵУȻҲ쵽һݡ
һ󲡣̫ĿⰮҴİ㣬Щã
̫ĸ˯úܺáü˳۵ػصֻǴ󲡳ӻЩ顣
޲硣ۿϣɫ΢ػ˻֣ȻȥϢɣ壬Ī㸸ġ
ǡٴߵݣиˡ
˳ڵתһǣزһԺӵĿ⣬ζԼϡ
΢һһ˫γ
λӣס
Ȼδͣµջߣ뿪еµ
***
ص¸ϢҴһСӣѯߵ½յ
Сʵ½ߣֻū澰ŷϣ㽫ū˳
˳΢΢üĸţ㣿
ƽġСæָߵ½ûǽղ̫ūţɫ̫õӡ
ᡰһдŲµСͽʲôŤ˼ѩ乬ķȥˡ
ճϦ¸Ƿ˼٣ֻСź򣬴˿̱㲻ÿˡ
ֵĳϦ£վɭɭ乬ǰԱȣֻ塣
̾һ
Сͽܣ乬УǷĸʮһϦҹ
֨ѽһƿ˳صĵš
ͬһʱ̣ڴϣĿⶢڵݶһʬ塣
ϦһϦҹ
ڴϦӶ˵ûκζ壬ֹֻ͵ػһꡣ
СͽܣһƬŵĺڰУϺȻһϤɤ
һ͵شӴȥ֮࣬ͨһ泯ſڽʵʵع˵ϡ
վſڣɫ΢Щ졣
ɵͽܣǡҪѹǮô

лҪ˵
С̣عţ쾭塣



14 뾡
ȻϳԼ̫ˣװµشӵɤɰͰ͵ػصǡ
´СͽۣεںںһƬֻҷ
̧ߣȵơ
عԹԵȼ򣬶վԣ۾һ˲˲ճϡ
ô㶢ң̬ɵص٩ĪǴδͲʶˣ
ҡҡԴ
ֳס򢣬ܻСͽֱ׵Ŀ⣬ôˣ
ˡƬΣڻص
һμʱûݹ꣬˿ʵӳ£·һɢץץס
ôüۺЦƼٵ̾Ϣû취һ뵽ҵСͽܱ乬Уʳʣʲôˡ
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ֺƯдÿһŶϸϸչƽصһѹͷ¡
˵㣬ճϦ磬ĸᵽ㡣Сͽɫ⳶
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΢һͷ˼ҷ˻ųɾʦͽ֡
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Ϊ˵˼ûʱСͽܷ̫ĿģͳصλĸţܹǼ¡һŻҸڣϽĽ㡣
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Ц㻹֪ѽ
еοǣСͽܾͷʮ㣬ͷֱϣʱҲûѧҵ
ȿƻҪʼСͽܽʷ伮ıˡ
򴽣̧ۿ쳣ر֤ӽһĻרѧҵκ鷳
Сע˵ԼԹ·һСβð˳ֺõҡš
ٿȻһ£Сͽܣôôһֻ̺С
ԭֻҪ̵úãŷɥķɱʱҲȿɰ
⶯˹ָ
ĿγɽȻ෴ĶԱȣСͽܼʶŲŲƹӳ߹
̧֣սС֣پ಻ı֤
Сһҡ
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ˣɿָ⣬ˣ˵˵ʱΪʲôˣ
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һ˹Ϧû˼²
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һû
ǰʱԹҪӣСͽܲϵպŽɢ
ҡҡͷûС
ʵˣĸ˹ʱһѽĸƵڵϡ
һλ֣ĸڵϣﲻ岻ţȴ͸һ˿¡
һ̣ޱ룬ԭǷ˵ˣҲӲ
Ǿͺáһͻͽܣ뿴𣿡
С˵ÿϦ֮ն̻Ǿӭ£ֵúܡ
𣿡ǰһת˲ȥ乬￴𡣡
ÿϦڴԶġ顱죬ͼԺйճӣȴһҲûгɹ
ơһЦСͽܵ󣬡ߡ
΢ָƤϣ
Ƭ̺󣬴й¶һ˿ԵЦ⣬˳ӵظ߳ƫ
***
Сվڳݵ£˫ηľݣĿг˽ź͵ǣЩЩЩ
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תЦɣСͽܡ
ݶ£͸߸ϵһۣԥľݡ
Сٶȸ졣ǵʱ֣չС֣Сͽһȥ
Ұܺã׼ܿ𡣡ÿۣϣ΢΢ø첲塣
Ҳѧӣȥ
ҹ½ԣǸµĺӡ
ǸԶһɵһ̡
˿̳ڣͷһھƣ־̳ң£뾡Īʹ׿ն¡4
תĿⲻڰĲϣʵƺú𣿡
Цһ㣬ʢ⡣ʹ֪ͣδ硣5
ƶǶƵ˾̳ϡ
ôҲ볢ߣЦֽ̳ӵݸСͽܡ
ӹ̳ӣѧͷһڡ
ȿȡҾһѵȼĻ棬˲Ժһ·ڵؿڣǺ͵ؿ
ЦͽܣһκȾƣô׵ģ
ɫ࣬续üۺЦ⣬µҲȾ糺죬֕ióֻɫ㡣
ʱС꣬ҾģԾɲܿƵؿôסˡ
ӻؾ̳ӣͷһڡ
ʱݡ˳ŵҹɫš顱죬ʰ쵵̻ҹſ
貶Ŀ̻һһʹϷĻԴҲЦ⣬ƣˡ
㶵ֻ̻Ѥ
̻ȼʱԿͳһµĴңݸɵɵСͽܡ
ʲôγѣɵؽӹҡ
գգۣеģҵСͽҲҪС
ңɤӺȻ죬һʱŲ·Ť
Ц׹һѽ
ʪȣۿɬҧزҳ
Сͽļ磬Цһһһ绶ϲһжµĿʼ
һ꣬ʮӭĳϦ
лҪ˵
С̣û£Ծ.ҵһ.ȥġ
һ¿ʱ󷨣СҪʮжɣ
עͣ4ݳԡơעͣ5ݳԡ



15 ţ񣬴
ʮ꣬͡
ʱ֣չ͸ï֦ͷµϣΪһůڵĹΡ
޳ֱźףϸһ򿪵飬ݣƾΣü
һ峺ʵɤԶԶ˯е˴лѡ
δˣ
̧֣ƿ˸ϵ鱾Դ
ӭŹڷɫ߸ɾĺɫװݵֻ׺һöصİ塣
ᣬãԶɽֱͦĴɫƫӱˮð͸졣
ʮδѣȴѳԷâӢͦСɢĳ
첽ܵǰʱɲסŲϢֻ΢΢һЩ
ӣʲô£ܵ
ҽմƼ¼ˣεһ࣬ڵڴһֻҡСβĹ
ʵҪ׷ˣȳףڵһӣɰý
ʧЦԸĸ˸ķп޵С
ָһӼͷ
꣬ǰǸݹСȣٲȻ̥ǵı仯
⼸ƶ˼ΪϿѧϰƻϸִһϢϦ硢Ƚ㡣
ȥ徭ʷȴͳ޿γ⣬Сͽǿļƻ
СҪӪ󣬱ͬӭС磬ÿһʱʹڸһء޷Сͽ֮գֻðִ˽ķʽѵ
ܲض⶯һªɳÿմʱȭȫݵ
СͽܣҲ˳Ϧ֮ҹĳŵĻٿҲӲԹҧҧ֡
ֻÿγһ󣬱Ҫͷ
ЦС⣬˵գҪʲô
һز˲ָţĽӡ
΢ȣĽӣ㲻
ȥϦҹѪ³ӣ裬Ľι״û뵽СͽȴԵ㣬һֱ
šԴҡ˲˹ģĽӣµһóԡ
Сô𣬿ϧˡЦջָ̫˴ּʱȥһ˳ٹ
̫󣿡΢΢ü̫ټʲô
ɻسΣһ£
һ˼صҪȷҵĽ
ţ
Ӣͦüѹ˲Ե˼֣Цÿ£ĸȲֵܵУʺϵܵѡ
ǰĺ۲Ⱦһ纮ϴ˺һֱಡ齣ǰ
̫ӵԼڳеλӣĸٶЩֻ̣СڹйԮĿǰʵѡ΢΢˶٣ԪеĺλСӣҪˡ
˳ǣ˵ȷеĻӸ
Ԫܲ˳°˻ӣǸδ֪
ǾҪԪûб±סˡȻȥ̫̽̽Ŀڷ硣
иһֱӿǹ۲󣬸ţǴ
ԭеķչպĴL֮УһԪĴɱʱǰ󹬽Իҳһš
˵ȴǸǧѷĺûᡣ
***
ٹ
Ӻݻ̫λȰԽԽĸˡ
һЦҲ˵⻰
ԭĸֶ̫Ů걻ȻʷΪԶıΪҲһȶıĻ
̫ЦѵҲĸף˳ʶ塣
л̫佱
ˣϽ㣬Һǰġ̫̾һСʼղϲίʵܿˡ
ο̫ģߵ㲻ÿˡ
̫˶٣ʵҲˣΪ߻ӵѧʶƷΣ
ɵ⡭˵
˵޷̫º͵عֻǰ㽲强ؾ
һ¶˾ģص꣬ҵεֻ̽Ҫҽ̵ߵТšܵȵҪ󡣡
̫󲻶ɫýôǣô˵ģ
˵̫ӵ¼ʣͨҲֲߵ£Ƚ͵ˣǲȥɢүɡ׵üοߵǸӣԼԸѧҲǿȡ
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΢¶ɫȻʵ⼸꣬Ŀߵ乬ӣҲܣ
ⲻ㡣̫һȰȰϣ乬ֵطǻסģ
ԣ¶ϲɫ̫ʴȡܴ乬ߵһ̫¡
***
ٻص¸ʱͷ
ƿڵţȴϵһյƣһë׵СԴſҡҷ¡
Դס̫İѱ򶫹ݶϢСͽܳ¸ͷˡ
ſϵȻСһʲô
ˣع̧̤ңôȥ˯
ţһѹ͵شվˣ
ߵǰһյ裬ڵҰ
˯š
иϢЦŵһСͽܵĶͷʱգܴ乬ȥˡ
Ϊʲôüͷһ壬ϾԳһ˿鲻Ըɫ
⼸꣬һֱ躹ޣŲǳһȲ裬ζЦ£ȴǳŽҳˮʱˡ
ġصƵĿʼiϡ
ϲ¶ı飬߸ϵģƵģ·ڵȴϷֺһо֮С
ֵ򦣬۵£˹ȥһѱס͵ǣҿԸһ˯𣿡
ײһеȲһ㣬ЦԷǵ㶼ˣҪһ˯
Ҳܡľѣ䣬ǼϤ㣬ȥ궬죬һůأΪνͲˣ
˵̰ͼıůͣŲߡ
໣СӿʼˣظĿڵůҲС
Сߣ㵨ӲСƲԼԴаһ֡Ӯˣůѡ
ԣȵľ˳˵㻰
ף˵㻰
бҪСͽܣһĶ
лҪ˵
Сʲô˼أֻůѡ



16 ϲ
ʦͽ˴ɹʶڳ̡
ִӣͽִӣԶڵƻִġ
黭ԣеٺͻ滭֪Ƥë岻˵ңҲƵ衣
ΧƼ򵥣ȴӵйӿռ䣬ССһ֣Ī⣬۸ӡ
ĿĲǼжרעҪִ֮ȫַ֣սս˼롣
֮Ϊս¾ʿ൱׾޹6
սΧ嵱ñսڶĽ빥Сͽɱ
ΧҲչ˾˵츳һڻͨżʱգҪӮҲ¡
ֻǣĿǰ˵Ȼ˵
Сߣˡ֧򢣬Цעܸůˡ
ִĺ֮ϣٳ޷£üɫ򣬿ǲԸ䡣
ʤ˱ҳ£ĪҪִһʱӮָؽ棬˼֣ѧἰʱֹ𡣡
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Ʒصһԣô֪أ
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Уžડһ֮ϣһֵļɱ
һƽַͨʽΣϣȴѲ¶һʵԡ
ɱֿ׼ֳӹ죬ԥɱóнƫ棬һ̱ӣ񲻿ɵĹֱ
ڷأΪӪɱˣѪ⡣۵зαУʼοסֵĽ࣬ڲɫ䣬оһˮ
Сߣ̫ĸꡣһӣô
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Ƴһ۰ϰڷŵɳ©𣿡
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ţ
ģ
λ㱧סļ磬ݵľҹģһ˻乬ΣѽҺºڵġ
ֱ޳ɽȦסԱȥһ޼ӵ
ºڣ̲סСͽܣǡ

ĥû취ֻɿڣ˺ˣȥϴ
ϾԼ̣֪Сͽװû취Ӳĳܾ
̻һսֱۣϲˣ
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ҡҡͷˡ
÷еģѬٶ㣬ҲѬԵζ
ȥϴɣʱˡ
ϴϣƽڴ࣬ɵص齡
ٿ顣СͽҴñǣ˯ɣջҪ
ױ㿪ʼӴŴĻѧֹĶ̫ˡ⼸ڽ̵СͽܵĹУԼҲڲѧϰУӵܡ
á첲ڶתԡ
ʵԺජԼǵĿ⣬һˮ۵ε۾ô˯
飬ҿü΢䣬ֱ׳š
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ǰǸƺ«СͽȥˣⶺҲһ塣
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ֻһɫ£һϸ÷·һ־סʱ
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ʱһẦ£һһжΡƵϣȻ乬Ĵϣججضȹһһա
ֽ˽漴ȥḧë׵ĺףص˯ɣ֤һۿ
šһ˿ӦҲԺһ˯𣿡

ʵ㣬˯ľƤЦⲻЦͽһ´ȥ
Ѹײڶ֮ɿ֣صԼλãװ˯
ʧˣΪװͻȴһСĽĿı¶̫졣
***
̫ԣ˼գ۱ּ׼߻Ӵ乬аݴͳֹΪ
ʥּһͶһʯӣƽˮٿȻӲ
סˣǶλ̫ӵ¡
ʱԺڵظĽιʳ
ڲԶ˫ƽֱչָһʯש
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⡭С̫һΪѣӣū澻ȥû취̫ӵ½
һ٣ƿ˳۽ޣ䵭ؕһۡ
С̫౳һæԴūһʵ̫ӵ¡
С̫ˣԺ»ָ
ʳߵӺǰϷŵשͷӵϡ
ļȻɣڵûޡ
򲻴ڳӣϰöͷĺˮ
ƽȴ򰤵̫価ϵ÷㣬һʱζ˳ſë˾Ѹδ֫ٺƲס˸
ǲе䣿쳣һȽȥѡ
ֻɰָѿڶԸ𣿡
ţ
һٲһºƳٷɿؽ͵
ŶֽӵݸСͽܣԼҲӦһӡ
Ľ߬͵Ӧһߣ̫ټʲô
̫ûټҡƵص
ɵǷš
Ҫȥ̫밲̤ڵ̫乬Ūл̫䰡
ü΢壺ŵĻǹ˵̫ģ
عβЦһֻƻĵС꣺Сߣǵ̹һô
ͽ̡̡
ٻ
ҪһˮƾһСʯôأ
лҪ˵
С̣ջ񡪡ӡ
עͣ6ݳԡΧ帳



17 벶ȸں
̫Ӹ
̫ӵ¸λڸθʾλ̫ٸλ
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Ҳʻ˰֣£̫ĿĲ߻ӡ
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ɫ粻ĵ浽һ죬ȻӲ
Զ˷أԶˮȲ˽𣡡һ˦䣬ɸֵοԺؾĪ̫лңʱأٿһıλԸð֮󲻻𣿡
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޽߽꣬룬㻹̳˸ȿȿȡ˵Լ̳˸ӹųܡСĻӡ
µĲʹĥϵĹɫ࣬ݣݹ᾵ģѲǿϡ
̿֡΢ʤΣ̵޷Ͻ
ȿȡۿȵôźԪæһ˫ḧʥϵؿڡ
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ԥƬΣֱлϿ
չһʱټ߻۴űüΪİСӣƳ˼ԼʱӰӡ
ѪŨˮڲ˴̲סԸ̾⵽ѪǴӺ˳߻ӡ
ڳ˼򵥵⣬߽ͰͰΣһҲŵùڵأηηؿͷ¸ʽ
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۴Źǰ꣬յĴLߵһͬС
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ĴLʼգ֮ʱܹǷѣȻԸȱϯⳡԣֻϴµĽɽʵ۳ΧԣԴLһֵš
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ԼҺȥLĽڣû뵽ȫѹֻ˸Сƿ
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˳ڵǰĿⲻƳԪĸ
Ԫ࣬ӦѾԻֻϸпɵĹڵŲԡ
Ԫ̧ӣĿ㴦۵ٿȻһ˿衣
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һɫװ˫ֲֹؽڵıȫעȭͷɳ
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ббſߣƬ̣žžƣƯ
ǰһ³ȭſȥˣ
ԼһֻСһصңСҡβӭ
Ȼһ˲˵ϣ˸ʵʵӵ
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ѽװͷˡ˵걥Ķͷ㸸ʾޣײͬΧԡ
Χԣٿֱͦ۵׸ֳڵ˷ܣļٵģ
ġѵ˴δLҪһҪ£ȲҪ
׷ʵʲôҪ£
벶ȸں󡣡ЦһۺϷʵСߣֻȸô
лҪ˵
̫ӵԤ̫ж
ԲԤǵԤС
С̣ұ뾡֤Ǹˣ
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18 㻹Сú
׷󣬲ʵ˭룬˭ǲ
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ͼԼʮʱ״̬ʱĸȥһҹ֮Ϊ¶ʹ˱ȳˡ
ϸ룬СͽӦǽഺˡϾഺڵĵһΪˣʼΪ
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19 û
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ʶûУ
Ц;öܹƿˣ˵ûУ
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ǰһգٸȥ¸ȰʱȴСıСͽܴ˸š
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˴ΧԳգ˵ԳסȰźõӪȴյԴ
Ӻһ֮LǻʵۿǷϸҪͬʱʵҲͨԵıֿٽʿǵȡڹ۵һ֮䡣
ΧԵ˶îŻľ׼ڹǰһչ
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ȥAʱһֻͨѩ׵ĺʤ̫ӣεΧͷ̫꣬ӵһʼͶɱУҪصһ
ҹӺӪĽʿǽ̫ӵµƥ̫ÿһֻҰޱ㱬һкרŵɱĶͻӪС
ɵּ䣬ͣº׼һֻСӣżʮ㡣
Ȼһȴ˸գСܾ󣬷ɿشܽ˹ľԡ
ܴһЦЦǰߵܣü
ƳһۣҲһԵزһͷȥˡ
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Цȴصʷģնһ̵ߵ֮
***
ʳǰɱҰζƣȼ𣬴л¹Բٵи¹⣬͸ΧԱ͵󳼡
ԼλϣרǰʳʵһֱйעԪĶ
ԭвδϸдⳡɱ²⣬ڻʹĻʺӦĻʹһ̼̫ӵпܻǰ֣Lõʱ
գԪ͹ʼӰ룬Ϸڹ࣬̿Ҫֻ֣ܵԪ䵥ʱ
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20 ͳʵ(˫)
ޱǰ, 輧˿裬ȴ, ĮĿʼԾĻϡ
Դڳŵ乬жգϰ˶һˡֻദСһź򶼾öࡣ
һκ˶˵ȴһֻܺܳӣһжķңƤӣͼѰһĨϤɫ
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ǰɣһ, , ôȾư
۽, ûԷ
ԴǰϦҹݶϺȾƱǺţͲմ, ˵ǵҲ١
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ȿȡκȵûô, Ǳÿ
ƴЦҲǲ
, ۸ˣʱҲ˹
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شϯλײ˰һѾסŵĽʵ˭ڣǲҲڣ
ãȻĸ

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һǣ类һʯؿڣϴһˡĺβȵ˺ü
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һԵȭͷļⲻȻس鴤ţͬʹࡣ
ԼоʹģǽˤȥĻҾһ̣ľȻʹô
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ηѣ첽߹ȥɤɳƣ
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ѻŨܵ۽ϣ½̫ҽĶ΢΢ͬĺִԹҲ̲ס顣
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ϻһɾۣڴ˯ֻ࣬ռССһ硣
ɢҩЧʧ׵Ƥ΢΢˶ƿ۽ޣұ۵ĴʹҲͬһʱ̱
ˣ̧ϰһҹ𣿿𣿻𣿡
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ԣſȥȴһҲ벻԰׵
ûٿڣҪȴ۵ټ
ȻԼĪһӺӪ⴫ͨӣϴ١
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׼һֻ첲סҪϢ
ȥһ㸸ʣܿͻ׽סʵݵСۣԣҡ
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ڻͨӪдһƣġ
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лϡվֱӣȴ۵ġ
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صҹҪѦ˺ͽֵǣοغô̿͡
ȻѦʿͷһԿش֤̿ͣκβӡ
ڿʼҪô̿ͺƤǰߣɤƮɢڷУһ磬Խ̿Ѻͻگ
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ԪɱʹʧСӣȻûټΧԡ峿ڼݻعҴҽ˴˴δL֮С
˯һҹлָȻұ۵ʹȴֽ̿͹ؽگ˾ϼӿܺųȥһ̫ҽԺ
ʵҲЩ£һ̿͵ĽͿ˶ҩڹѾˡ
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һһ£ٻص¸ּСͽԺɳ
ȭʱģͬһҧгݣȭȭ⣬˵ϰ˵ڷй
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Ѹװ㼱ջȭͷڴڴ۾ȴ
꺹µȥȭͷ
ʶ㿪ˣ˫ֱȥ
˫˶ҩһͿõġ̯ƣǣ᲻ˡ
κڽ⿪ϲŵıԼַŽġ
ҪжԣҪŤжŤ
׽ס󣬼ǽڷָؽںƤ̲סѵ˵а˰٣ǧ𣿡
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LҲɱеޣοԪеĸ´̥أ
ܵķӦԼƲס
վԭأۿԾֱͨ죬ʪСһգգҪ
ˡͶؾ֣ڶģ㱣֤£Բٷˡ
˱죬û
ǰôû֣ôܿأһˮˮ۵ȤҪٵӣͷΪ˰
˭ˣٿصɴ۾۵׻һˮίʵûʲôŶȡ
ûޣ׾ˡܵػһ䣬󣬡ˣȽȥһ֡
嵹ǱͳʵˣԹԼڵߡ
ֻ۵׵ʪȥٴαóס
***
ҹΥһΡ
ƯڰУԼһعڵϣһС̫౻˸Ľǿˡ
С̫˺ѷεȣӣȾңȾңӡ
˳ŲҽƮ˳ȥֻС̫౻ľϣ̵Ľ߸߾̣͢һһµĻС̫İڸǡ
أС̫ƤѪģҲԽԽ΢
ɤӷ·ʲôסˣʱС̫Ȼ̧Թֱֱ㺦ң㺦ң
ҡҡͷˣ૱ɱǻʵۣҡ
ʱ涸ȻһתӪС
Ԫ̱ڵϣһһŨճѪų֣ȾҵĺӣȾҵĺӡ
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ڴͷٵǧ˿к£ѩ׵໥ӳģϢ
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˫޳˫ŲյӨ׵¶һСأ΢΢͹ϸ꣬·һ۶ϡ
δģһʱͬħƵģԿصǽƯϣܾյģ˵ʲô
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Ծһ£ǹɲϤѸӶϣҲԴͷֻܽ겻ԭشת
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Դ˲ģȻ
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˾Ҫ𣿡ĳУʵߣֻǸʼ
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ȻѶˣǾȥʲôɡ
лҪ˵
С̣ϸʺӡ
˫һ컹ж۸ҷ
עͣ1ԡ˾ϡ



21 γܲ()
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گʷмأɭϣˮ룬֮1
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ңխη, ;߹ȥ, ֲҽڶ, ƿڴҪʥʥյѧʿ, ˾кʸ񰡡
κƽϵĴ̱, ˢһƿһз, ʱء
Ծü
򸧴ܾˡκƽ𳤱, Цһ, ôһ泼, گԲ֡
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ƻͨη, ԵĴ̿ͳʴͶ, ڵѱʺѪˮ͸ˣûһ⣬ɢһɼŨҵѪζ
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κƽԣһ˿ģЦŻص⽻طҪʣֵѾˡ
κƽ˵ĵʵگ̷пᣬָƤˢϴͼ塢õȵȣʮ˰̻࣬ÿһֶܽܡ
Ӻʷϣ߳گĲ˶ѡ
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ȻĴɱʧˣԪĸƽҲҵĸ첲ѡ
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***
ٴ̤گʱɫɣ
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֪ʲôˣҪ̫ӵµĲǰжˡ
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ѦʿҴ̤鷿°²ɷηԾ
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Ψҹζ࣬ҹʹ󣬵ѦʿȥˣΪĶѾˣȴû뵽Ǳ̫ӵһ
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֪
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һ磬ڵſڣ۰Ͱ͵Զ
ҹجȥ˱˾گʱһȥ˵گֵطСӸȥģãֻùԹڼȡ
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˵òף֮Ҫƽ֮ʵʱﰵС㸸ʶһ棬Ŀǰ̫ӵѡһ棬̫ʲộŶ塣
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˯òȣе綼ǵߵˣֵ˸еϢ
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Һҩʱɲġһ˫ڵ۾ظ˵ʲôҩڣʿֱɬҩҩͲϲơ

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ѧ߳ģԣ
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ĿתضȻ˻ԼߣֱӶ׼غһڡ
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Ԥϵʮպ̫Ȼ˽ټ߻ӡ
һ̤ٹ̫źĴŮӭߵ£ˡ
еȻ̬ȣͬ߻ӱǳٹƵġ
һܳģڹŮ½ڵع밲ĸ밲
һӺݻ̫СԺȲ裬̧˰񡣡
лĸɫнվԭأЩ֪롣
߽Щ̫֣ĸúơ
ԥһ£̫һߴٺ󣬲ߵ̫ǰ
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˵գһͷ
̫Խֵĸ㣬˭Ҳ۸ˡ
۾һѿڶ𣿡
ĸͬ˵Ļм٣̫飬ֻҪúӣĸԻϧ㡣
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˵Щĵˡ̫οıϲʲô㣬ĸ
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͡ѽرԹһ䣬ȵ̫ܵ࣬ĸ첲ҡΣֻĸҺã
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̫ʾı֣ҲڹﵱǱֵ֮䣬Ҫ׽׽
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***
ʱ̣̤˾š
崺ĵôݰףһһЦƿɱᣬ˭ҲƲʵĵβ
ˣѸΪ򸧣ΪβʥϣЩլأŵĽʵ
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æ˵ǣС̡ܽ
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ۣƿӣ£
лصˣиС̫סȥ·˵ҪҪˡ
̫ࣿ½Σֻǰһֱ̫꣬ض
ŶԷİĪ˫۾ЩϤʵǺˣкҪ
С̫ɤɳƵػصҪΪЧ
һʱһ⡣
üͷ˲ҪЧȥȥ
˵գת˽УΡ
ȻС̫ȴؼڽǰ棬ǲ·
Сˢһ³ŵ崺ٲÿͱҲˣ
С̫ɫĮغӣһ㺦µ˼ҲûС
ȵȡڿмʱдɤˣŰɡ
С̫ƲظǺ档
ԼĪһĹ̤¸š
źĹŮ̫ǴߣϣǳһȲ裬ſǰվŵС̫࣬ʲô
С̫ܻĿ⣬ҪΪЧ
ðĻʵ֪ð˶ķգŽ͵컻˳ȥ
С̫ࣺ֪
㻹һûס̧־ͽеĲյˤ˳ȥ
һյС̫ҳƬɽĴƬޱְ̧
С̫ľȻػصûеطȥ
վָƾԾɣϱûȥƫҪң
С̫ഹͷظһ飺ûеطȥ
㡭һԼҪעִ磬òײŰ˾ȻˣְԼë
ϣƽ飬ʵڵĻǼٵģ
С̧̫ͷٵġ
ü֮ǰأ
С̫ࣺҲǼٵġ
΢΢㵽м
С̫ĬƬ̣ص̿ͲҪû˼
ֻһѵһɱ˵ǳʲôӣҪ
Сپ⣬̸һ̸˵ҪΪЧΪʲô
̿Ͳ˼ػصɱˡ
üɱأ
ֳ̿ĬƬΣصҪʲôҾͻʲô
ҽУһûͬ
ô˶أ
̿͵ϥ£͵ɤδָȴ쳣ᶨû·ûй鴦ҿĵĽΪκ¡
ⲽ˼
úڵͷҲҪ̿ͣҪҵİ
̧̿ͷǣˡ
ǰ䵭гһգݱ¶
̿ͣлˡ
͵㻹ǵãԼôץگô
ҸĽˡ̿ػص֤´αץһڡ

̾һǿְǱˣҲȥɱˡ
ǣˡ
ƽƽ浽˹Ŀϴ.Ƥô
ִ˵Ļױʱݻͷ׹Ŵôݵġ
ҡҡͷǡ
ָ̧֣ϱƬĵطͦģԣпҲ̽ҡ
ûüػֻſڴһװĴڸʲô
һɵתȥײСͽ־ŭ
лҪ˵
ô£ߣС˵Ļš
Сֻ̣ҹͷĹ
߲СʳжûĢһyueһ־ֵĴ



23 ǿ
ôһ˲͵, Сͽܺڳ۾ûɵһ顣
ȿȡӵִ, ʲô
˭ȷˣָŹڵϵС̫ʵΪʲôҴû
һʱ治֪εİʲô֣ܻܲ̿Ͱɣ
ǣתͷʵʲô֣
û֡
˵ʵ㵽˭ʲô
ûԵ޹ʶһ˲˵⣬ֻŵһǣȻ˵
ǻ˲ӿһɳķŭ, ôǵ˵
, ˵ɡԼؽ͵, յİ
ʲô
ٴתߵ, һˡ
ԥػص, ˡ
ҲҪʲôһſʲô, 𣿡
סš
ѡȥŹʵˡ
ޱѾһ, ӽ, ֻˡ
üͷһ, ׼, ȴһߡ
Ҹ˵ʵ, Ҫ侲Сͽܵ, ǰ𣿡
ֱҪ˵Ĳʲô£ǹŲӦá
㻹ǵԪɱǸ̿𣿵ʱѶʱŵֻҪĻʹȥ
˵£ʲôϵؿ
𼱣ϵϾˡΪҴӦߣԺҾگ˸
ԽԽԾȻһ֣
ͷ¹شֻ֪
ҧҧٿȻ͵Ϲŵİݺһȭڵء
ѵıʹҪ֣Ժ𷽲˵ĻֻһأӲһȭ
һѸٱףҧѪ˳Ŵ
СߣӦһץסĸ첲Ҫ֣
㣡ŵصͺ¶۵˯þ㾹Ȼ
ɻL̵죬ǰ޵ģµ˶ڲ
˼ˣɤ͵گѾʮ˰̷Եҵһ
۵īɫӿҲУ
˭ǧϧ
˵Сߡɫ׮ɱУǰ䶼㲻ϣֻ̫ӵɱ˵һѽ˱ֶ
ž£ûӦ
ܾǰ˵ʹУܶ˽ɼסԵļ磬ĵ޹һﲻջ𣿿ҲὫŭйССĴ̿ϣΪ׼ĵˡ
һŭһҳߵǡ
ɿ֣ԸΪЧҵľֵ֮֮ʣҾô򵥡
ǡǡ֣Զ޻ֵúȷ꽩ӲһЩЭ¿ԣͨҵĿ顣
ЦһӦѽ˵ˣҲСˡ
ŭҲСˣ
úúãܴ󣬳󡣡ܵصͷȥ̽鰵
˵ʱһֱڵϣǵѪû
ݳһֻ֣ɡ
㶵ض֣׼ϣһӰ͵ǿק
װûɿ֡
װǰȨ˭Ҳߡ
***
һӣͬһֻҳϿһԺСһпձ࣬ԷǸĴ̿ʲôġ
ڹ͵˼¡ʼڰһӰӣֻҪ㲻ǰ
úʡģԽԽԼʱľ
ͬʱҲʼﻮԼ
ġսʥǰġˡ˾ĽϲҶﲻƲ֪ء
⣬ֻҪЩ˲Ҳ𴫽װʲôҲֻ֪Ҫһ𽫲°á
˾Ϊ󲿷֣ʢԼطݸ뿪ʢճǽ顢ʻʢٹв졢顢ܴ£ܻ㱨
ˣԴ˱˾ټƵԽԽߣ˾ļλ̫ĽҲԽԽ졣
Ӻ˾࣬ƹ죬ͨ˵ǻʵ۵Ĵܼңƺڸٹ١
չ˾ӡ̫̫࣬࣬ϯ̫˳ĸɶӣͬʱҲƹŶ
˿²ˣ磬¼ΪԲܵΨһһͻƿڱǺɫȻǸ̫࣬¶ûˣȴɫ
д˵Ϊ˵˹ĥŮֶ̫λˣûȫġ
ĥΪֵ̬ڵǰˣǿͿسһ䣺˳
Ĺϵ΢ȨƵλ˳ʼձۿһķΧڡǽͷʤһ˳米иչС
˳һЦ˫۲ϣ򸧴ʥϰ
΢һףиҪİҪʥϻ㱨
˾æϲɺذ˳ĿתضǰűŮ˻ƯڶԷǰЦۼұ㲻򸧴ˡ
ֻת̤ǰ
ϼ£Ѭ㣬翡
ÿ£۽ʼѰʿˣ֮ϡⲻ֪ЩҩֻؽϻȪ֮·
밲ʥ
ƽۻսǵ˫ۣеӣ˽һнչ
ػϵĻ˼вδִʵһƶϴŮɫ¡
Цһ˵ΪǱԩģ
Ϊ²ûô򵥡ΪӼһƶϴ֮⣬ɡ
ۿһۣͬɡ
΢ּ
Ъһֿʵ̫˽´㣿
治ɫ
ĸףֶ̫ŮûĪ⣬ҪЧҵģ˭
£ĹȻҲЧڻϡ
ã壬ޱˡ̾һ뱱˾󣬰ļӻ׵úøɣ޲㡣
л̧ᶨػصʥ
°ɡػ˻֣ʲôƵģ߻ӣΣ
һ˼صһճߵ½䳡öࡣ
۱۾Ҳá壬ҲЩ
***
ǰ£Լס
ϣȻת˽Ųֱֹķȥˡ
ûڹǰѣæڱ˾Ĺ񣬶Сͽܳ˶֣ʱ䳡ӻ
δܹ˴ʧˣСͽܵĽ
ɫһֹ̤һصĹˡ
ô£һڵſڵС̫࣬ߵأ
С̫ӣʱһµءعӵĻ̫﹬λ
̫ü̫Ů
Ц̫δ̫ļȲֹˣ
С̫ഹԴǡ
ɨһȦҲŮûʲôϵʲô
⡭С̫ŵŵӣԼȥһ۰ɡ
һͷˮߡ
˻û߽ڵ洫һžŭĺҹ
һĵ̶̼δСͽҪô
ӿ˽ŲֱƿƾĵţȴײһܳӰһͷԽ
ʶַסԷһƣܾɿ֣һ˺üԲҲǹ㡣
ײŮһɢ΢ң¶Ȼһۣ漴߷ߵƿ˳ȥ
ɵۣڵ
߿΢Ƶڶըң
ȻعֻҵĴϣεʣץס㣬˫صڱϣͼ߿ϴŮӡ
ꡱһ·ʲôѵ
ǰһǿеĳʲô˼
ץס˾ݣɤȻ˼ֿǻ
򴽣ͺȵſ¡
ϵŮӻһ𣬾˳ӣܿ齹ڵϣӡ
ʲô
ŮػصعӵĻū澷̵ּ̫ܲߵ·֮

ˣȻСͽܲʮ꣬ﻹû󣬿մӺʮľҪҹŮʮȢޡ
乬г󣬺Ҳֵֵֻ.Ů.֮һϲͨһŰֽ
Ů̫ͣ߻ʮ壬вͨŮ֮£Υū澽öˣ̺ͬߵ¡

üһȻǽûһ򡭡
ȿȡɤӣɤص֪ȻȥգԺһȥ̫͡
⡭Ůɵؿһۡ
ɫ΢ؕһۣôҪظһ𣿡
ū澲ҡŮͷѸ£סɢѣҴߡ
ȹڻûüã߼Ͳ㱻ڵأҿۼֿطһѡ
лӡŻһ򶨵ĹŮ΢죬ƿߡ
ĿϣСͽ˫۱ض棬ֻߵǰ
ûˡ˶ˡ
̧һ˫ʯƯ۾Ứֱ⣬ɤ΢ؿߵҵ㣬ҡ
ۡõڻ˹ίίУЦ


лҪ˵
յЦңյҽ۳
С̱ȿˣΣ
Ҫǧְ´θϣʮһңȡ



24 β֪ȥ(˫)
δЦ, һЦͣЦǰ, ûЦ
ڴǽϣϵίʱתΪ𾪣θɤ
ʶӦŬָع
ôгŨŨίŵؿߵұ۸ˣ㾹ȻЦó
ԲȿȡסЦǹġ
յ˫ֻץסϾҪˣίС
ķ, סЦ, , 
Ƭ̣͵س˹, һͷ
סԵ, ḧļһһµ, ͬڸ˳ë
ŵ˰ɣϸذο, û˰, ԡ
ء꽫ؿ, ˫ֽ§, ɤ, ̫ˣ
Сͽܷ, ̲ס䴽ǣȤǺܴôôﶼ򲻹ιķԵȥ
˲̧ôܴ򲻹ǣ
΢һü㻹۸
ҡɫǺˣʪĹκűһ䣬˵ٴҲҪʹԵطкŮӶ𣿡
΢̶ĸο
ɰɵСͽܣ˵ÿ仰šǲ˵⼸Ľǳɹˣ
㲻Ҫ۸ŮӣǱҪģ֣̇ظ΢ҵķЦıСͽܣɲ˸۸ȥ
ֱ˱죬ίͰ͵ػصı𣿡
ԥȻ
ǡϣϲ𣿡׷ʵ
΢ԥһ£ǵ˵ͷǡ
ûע⵽ԥǶ̶һ˲ڵٿȻȥ
겢㲽ƣֻػӦҲϲˡ
ûκԥûκ޶ʣ
񴿴ңעֻӳһ˵Ӱ·ȫ硣
̵΢΢ɪΰ㽫֪
šŽľѣǼϤѩ÷㣬ʵʲô.Ů.֮ѽ
ȿȿȡ䲻һʣԼĿˮǺֱԡ
û°ɣƫֻ֬ĶȾһƬ죬޳쾱Ҳ÷۷ۡ糺һֱ£̲סҪ̽סļǷҲ
Ծһ£ǹ˵⧲ӿ
ǸҺʱɿ⣬ô˵أ
ֱͦһϴĹģ
Сͽа񣬴ԼתһȦ֣صػصȽϸӣȥϣ١ٽ㡣
СͽСҰĸͬ裬Сͽ徭ǿ׳壬Ϊ涼չ˵ˣȴ
ʱ.ʵҲ൱ѷ˵ɶɫ鼮֮࣬ѧɲšԼⷽһֱܵίʵԲ
ԣСͽϿ֮ǰԼҪ׼һ£ϵͳҪϣооνЩ֪ʶǳЩ
Ŷ˵ͷʮֻʵʲôʱʼأ
ȥ̫
һᵽСֿȥ̫Ůʵڿ£ƻ
ǺǡЦһСͽܾʹ˶ŮӲӰͼȵʵŮ󷽣㲻Ҫ£ҲҪһӴˡ
ͬüͷҲá
Ȼȥ
׷ʵν
Ưһ΢΢̣һЦ ơ
***
巶ˡٹУ̫ڸλϣһüĿ
ТĸӦġɫ˳ĸ͵˲ξͺá
أ̫º͵ĸĸܸˡ
æصȻʱʱĸֻǰڶæܳĸ밲ĸҪ
̫ӣǴӺĴæµһЩǶԵġ̫ǳһڲβ裬ڵ
ίһ̫̫ڳٹţȴ䴫Ů̫ͨ
ϵЦһ
̫Ǻ⣬
Ƭ̺ƿᡣ̫밲
񡣡̫΢һ̧֡
ֳ̫ӹ񣬡̫ӵ¡
ˡһζ´ǡϬ
ɫһ̹лصҵ
ѽǰҴСųġ̫ýôǣһŰա
ɫػص̫ԺҪȥһ˱˾Ҫ̫ĺˡ
Ŷ̫һۣңΪ£
⡭¶ɣȴ̫˼װƵı£ԽԽ¯ࡣ
һŵڵغ˿ڲ裬ƫˡվҪӺ«ʲôҩ
巶԰Ļȥĸ֦ƿС̫ΪѹŲؿڵ
̫󷢻已òȥ
˵գΪ£̫½ĿͶ㾻
żɽ̫ǲֹλǲͻġ
˵ˡ̫΢͹ȥѾͷǰҵŮʵϣҽǵСůŮί
̫ˡλ˷УǴ⡣
ú˵˵㾿Ǻ⣿̫󽫲յ᲻صظڰϣҿ乬гʮԹһˣŸ强ѾͷƽչӣҹȺģ㵹ã
̫Ϣŭ̾һ͵֣ʵ顣
̫һ˵˵
ǰĳҹߵ乬ƫƧĲݴУײС૷ŮǵH¶ƺЩݣŵЩǹŮϱײƣһʱ˴⣬Ϊǿȵһ𡭡
̫ƺδϵɣɫ΢䡣
֮УįһЩ곤ĹŮǲܳӣң͵͵˽ͨϣѰһʱ䣬ݴ֮
ʱҺ΢ʱϵߵ¡ȻεԴ˵±ŮЫǡ¶ִֵ̫볤ֹȷΪ룬ɵȴŵòᡣ
̫ĬƬ̣¿ڵ飬ϾǻӣҪŮӣΪʼҿ֧ɢҶ
̫˵üǡͬ΢ϤĽ̵ߵ£е̫΢һʱ䡣
̫ϸϸŹǰ꣬Ŀ̸ֹ̹󷽣ҲƲڱϹ
ˣұһЩʱ䣬úκ̫ڿ˽ڡ
ʱһлһ̫Ρ
ָ̫һºͣա
л̫
̫ʵˣ
һ⣬ػص̫Ļʮֶ
һۣ㶼ôˡ̫ƺΪпѰ˼ҶڣȢӣȴ˵强ҲûСпĹļǧС㣬ҶΪͻ顣
ɫлֻ̧̫ĿǰûоǶŮ鳤
֪̫󲻰ģԲ˲岻ȥתִԼ⡣
̫˶٣ǻϽĲ·ࣿ
ΪʥϷǣ΢ĸ
ǰ̫ٶȶյ㣬Ȼĸ
ǣֽ̫ס
̫ӵТģ˰ǧ˲Σһȥӡ˵գ̫ʾĴŮ
̫ӵТ̫΢ա
ô񰧼ҵĶƲˣ̫̲ҲǣǻϸǰˣܸĶǸá
֣̫Ķ飬ʼģ
̫󲻽ӻֻ
˵һ䣬һΪʦΪ̧΢ʼվڣ̫ߵߵġ
̫شǿ⣬˳ȥ
һ̤ţ̫ӵֶ
̫ӵ£ˡ
ˣת򸧴˲ֵ̫ģǸǰĴˣʵ
ǫ̫ӵޡ
己һ仰µĹֵ֪нգұ㲻ȥߵ̽
ΪԹˣ⼸ȴ֪ȫƿأ
ۼ̫ӵµɫµغһʵ̫ӵ£ߵµԭǷ紫ԣ
巾ؿ˿ܣȷûˣȵ˵˵
ûк˵˵̫ӵ֪һЦΪǸţ̫ӵô꣬Ǻ޴ˡ
һʲô˼
ƽصҲֽ֪ƹܱ˾ǰһЩţ˵ǵĳλˮʵ顣
ɫ䣬ǰһץס󣬡˵
˴˶ӣȷҪ˵ô΢΢ͷ
ʲôƾʵݡɫ䣬㵨
ǵ֪࣬΢Ż취ȥࡣ侲غӣܲǵģ£
巶ζŵòҪƭ¡
ŵı֣ʮʱǡıͻϮֽԳ鲻ǰʢмӹʱԼԼȡ֡
΢΢һЦ̫ӵӢ䣬ŵƭ
̫ӵɫ粻Ŀסͼŕiɫҳһ˿
£Ūˡ۽ޣ
ʶɿ֣ٶһƣֻղôһգǽѩ׵Ӿˣĺ쳣ۡ
̫ӵˣҰɡ񣬡˾й΢иˡ
վԭأĿ׷ǵ忡ŵӰ뿪Ժвɻ˵
潿롣
***
ҹֹѻĬȸ
߻ӴˤһӽΧ̫๬Ůǻսսı
λСӣƽϲŭ޳һܽŵɪɪֻʱŻϲЦտ
ⲻЪûһӣڵִ߻ӱȣһı
ҹС̫æ߽ȥֽظ߻ӻ˴졣
ϴͼ˯ԺֻŮ¡
ܿ죬ǰ㸡ֳһϤӰ
جоѵ֬˪ѩֻҪһ£еط쳱
ǽϸ˪ѩʫġ
ӯӯһգʹ˲ѻϸ֦ÿαסʱſһסһ³ߴ硣
ͷҲ㡭
ٿ˫ۣƿϸŵıӡ
³ȵϢӿƲɵٶϯȫԼڻ¯ϡ
ͼſմԣƽ޼£ԭ֮Ѹٻ۵ĳһ
Լ֪ʲôⷽƶ֪ʶʹҲĳڡ
͵شƾ豾ܷſڴϺ·Ҳš
ǰٴθֳݣøЩв૵ػ
ĻԽԽȻ䣬ԺĴԺƱһУ͵شӴһԾ
ڴͷæҵشһסľС
ľϧı
һǵʱдÿһţǳϦҹһֻɫҡ
ϣһιʱһ飬忡һʫҲıãǧɢ

һŵģҪ
ʰӣͷһ£ܷⱣ棬Ⱦϵδɢȥ
ľУ˻ȥ
Ϥ÷ڱǼ⣬ԺеӰƺҲøͺ˿ԡ
һֻֽ߬ӣڸסڱǣԼζ
֪˶ãл㱼䣬ڳ˹һһ߽⿪
һɣɫҲɢɢ޳ֱչѵ¡
κػţƺЦһ⿪¡
Ŭ۾ȴôҲѵºģò޳
꽹ͦݵ˫֣Ȳ뽫۵Լ
֮˺üɴŬҲץסֻ΢ƵɤСߣôɺá
һ˫ۡ
Դڿհ׽׶Σʶ֣һƬճı
Сߣ𣿡ʱϺȻһеĺ
㶣崥㵯£Ѹٴȥ
ĪͽӣûͷӬԭشתشϣƿӽסԼֻ¶һ˫۾
ҽкŶ롣
һű㷢֣ڴϵСͽܽԼιһӼƵʲôأ
ҡ鵽ҷɣڲԵҸое䣡
ţ
ͨ죬һźˮģ
лҪ˵
Сͽȳëʼˣ
С̴δѵµģSpringж󲻳ûЦ
˫һһҲûǱһ(ʾ)



25 Ľ̵(˫|1000ӪҺӸ)
ʱֵĳ, Ҳ̫ȣҲ䳶Ϲϵ
ü΢, ǰСͽˮǰ
İϹ̵Ķͷʱڱ꣬鲻Խһĵš
һ˲һɿأԲԴײ
һקק̫ݣβ˫©˳
Źͷ˽ŵСͽܣЦõʵôˣһͶ㣿
űӵһ
װˣ΢΢ɤ, ǲô
ûУǣôܣﴫķ, ֮ն, ˲òŷ
ŶôͲأȴʾ, ת, Ȼ㲻뿪ǡ
һ, Ȼ, һƿϰ, Ҫߣ
΢, תǰЦ⡣
Ĵ, Ƿűɵ͸, һſ˵ĺ, ʪķִһ˵ί
Ҳ֪ΪʲôСͽǰίͰ͵ģһֻʪ˵С
Ų߻齱ߣ˸걻ˮʪ޽ǣǲجˣ
ָ⸧ԺҹʵץסӰٿȻ󻯣ɴ˸˦˦ԴͼЩĻ˦ȥ
ҷĶͷҲǷˣǲбĵط
ûС
ǵôˣҲǣҲǣãˡ
µҡҡ
˵˵Լҹжʲô˵Լ´˿һƬǽ塣
ףⲻҵôƫƫʱ˴ӱ¶һǡ
飬Իŵؽ˵ʲôҲûɣ
ɻգգ۽ޣͷֳһ̫õĲ롣
СͽһֱϲԺһ˯˵ϲϵζӾޣòǡ
˰ɣ
֪һеӤԶԺ󣬱Ҫ·˯ţǶĸζı֡
˼ţʵһңʲô𣿡
ҽл뷨ɢعյ⣬㲻˵ҪŮ.֮ô׼һ¡
һᵽۿɼظֳ⣬ҵӵ˱ӣͰ͵᲻̫̫˵㡭
ЩĪɻܿôжѽ
һίػؾİţѰʱɺã
ʲôţ
䳡ѵҪȥ̫밲ػص
áδʲôʱѧˣٸ
ӴˣܹҪһֵġ
ֽ˸Сͽܲÿҵɽʱ䶼СͽԼš
šԹӦˣתת͵͵һۡ
ôˣ
Ҫˡص
ǡԣЦѲɣҪ£
˫һæصأ
һתߣ̲ס߶ѽСԴҲ֪Щʲô
ȻСͽǳʱǸӣǼҲʶʮڹʱȢӵˡ
㳤Զˣʲôɻ󣬴ֱ׵ظᡪ̧ʱ꾹ѽ۴ϣæҵϵ
Ҫ˵ĻߣµĴٶȸˡ
Ҽסˣ¶һɰЦݡ
£һ̤Ϳճڸסڻָ
ţˡοһЦþûһˣɸϡ
***
ʱϰζʡ
ҨһᴵС
棬ųţϡ
ޣθֲԶèƵģССڵسԣκ˶źÿ
ƣѬɫ΢죬촽ؼ䣬¶ױݣż̵³һ޺⡭
شһ¡
Ծ̫Ծˣֻǹľ͡顱ֱҵҪš
Ծ£ʵȣƳԾ
ôԣθôԵ߷ֱ¿ӣȴСͽأԷŴ
عûУղ顣
ǾͺáŮнӹʪӣ޳ָȥɡ
źĹŮӦǣӡ
˵ȣʵ̫ƵƵټ㣬ʲôչ
ʵص̫ں飬ҾһТ
ĳĿģʶཻ̫һ¡
ܺãš΢һףЦ˵ף̫ǵĿ꣬;ͬ顣ֻϾ֮λʱҪӲţ̫Һأ
һ𡭡֮λ
Ȼأ΢һüЦЦؿСͽܣѵ͸ģɢүһǻֵܣ
ԹΪȨ۷壬߱ɱɱɱӣ֮£ŲɾİѪ
ڻʼңһ𣬱עɼ㲻ȨᱻȨУձһսȻĻүǣָ
ںŨܵ۽ޣס۵ӿϵɫصҪҵô
Ρ½ƽֻҪúѧᣬһλ
ȵһգԹˡ
á֣صӦԸ
ʵԸôͻ᲻ֶΣ뾡һа취ϻλ
ȵҪȥ˾β£ʱ顣
ĵر֤Ҳ¹εģܳ顣
ͷͽܡ
վڵſڣǵϤӰȫʧУתϵЦͬʱɾ
սЦʱԳ̬һޱ飬͸ĸ߹Ȼ
㣬ָһС̫ࡣ
¡С̫æ󣬡кηԸ
ϣĵȥҼ
С̫ࣺʵҪЩ飿
длŮ֮µĵ伮һڲ裬治ɫִĲӣһ㡣
С̫ѿڶͼ
зѼģҹ
С̫౾ΪԼ˵²ˣȴټΪ˴˵ȷ֮£һص֪ڹǱΪġ
ЦһҪҿ֧ɢҶֽͼΪ飬α
ѵЩӣȹ컯֮ǿѵŮ˷ף
С̫ΨΨŵŵҴػ
ʲô鲻飬һ̧ۣ֮䣬򡪡
ʣµİ䲻С̫ڵϣսսػصǣ¡
***
һգæýŲմء
ӿƿ˽һǣ㣬Խ²飬㾾Խڰ
ƾƶǴӺѡ˲ŵҪ;֮һϮơԼǮٵľ˵Ϊƽ
ͬʱƾҲʹ׼νųӡ˵ıǺѧͨƿ볯Ϊ٣лιС
ڴӺͳ˵ƿѡʿ¹ƽѫҪ
庮ͨƾٿԵĺѧӣһ볯Уγµ̸ڵ͢ҪͨƾٲʵѪҺ
ˣŪһ۴Ϊջּ˾ϲ鵽ף永ԱԱץگʿҪѵҽ쵽ƿеĹԱһ򾡡
ҹܲסˣʽκƽл¸Ϣ
ʱԭò񻰣⼸ĵȻڶȾ纮Դ𣬵ǵֲѰ˵Ӳʡ
ƺﲻԣ̫ҽμ飬ֻóĽۣʱ²ܡ
ҹ˿
ڹϣӭ˸С̫࣬˵˫һŵݵǰ
ӹż򿪺ɨۣȻ
ʱ䣬æڹͬʱҲĵصȴ̫ӵ¿
ñлҪһЩ
С̫Ҵ뿪ˣֽһһ˺飬󴧽УתŲһͷȥˡ
ӡڰһһȫڵİ·ҹɫΪһ塣
䵭ɤƮɢҹУҪȥһˣԶԶżɡ
ǣˡ
ʱ̫ӵָĵص㡣
ķϵ԰վڳǰ
ºڷҹɱ˷Ż졣ңңЦ̫ӵѡط
Цһʱ˵С󣿡
Цһ˿ɱ⡣
̫ӵ¼ȻԼ˴̸ġºڷҹ˴ʺɱ˵ĵط
ֻҪһҹɫеİҹ֪ؽ鷳

ϧǣʱô
˵ɣ㵽ײ鵽ʲôϢ߽ҪٹŪ顣
ҲȦӣżɽˮһʥϽ̽ʵֳҵһ֤
üܡ֤Ϊûмȥ
Цŷʵǰ̫ӵãΪʲôأ
ѵüͷԽԽΪ˱Թ
Ҳԡͳһ壬²һ롣
Ŀһֱ̧㽫˹ȥʲô
ǵʰ֤
ɫش壬ͨʲôҲƲ
ϸơѵϿ̵ĻƣѵϤ𣿡
ţɫ䡣
ӺϣӡӦĻΪʶΨлʺйӡƣϵĻƷ顣
ܡ壬Ȼǰһ㵽Ǵģ
ڰİһŵĽϢسʡ
˸ƣֻʡ
̫ӵ£Ѿ͵ˣŻǲţǲ飬Լ浽׸ô飬ȫƾ̫ӵԼϡɫ̹Ȼ̹ұ˵׮ɰȥܲǵġҹǵԼˡ
巴Ӿ磬׺
΢ƹܱ˾ϵĵأΪ·ǣ½⡣ֵҹ͵δֹ
˵գƮƮתȥ
Ȼͺһסȴûġ
Ų΢٣£δڶꡣ
巣ϧ
̫ӵ£ֻһССıʹΪʥϰ£ϻ̳Ͽ֣ı̾һĵˣҡ
ɫˮɫӵվԭأе壬ް
***
һ飬̤¸ʱѹʱ
ɫƣڵߣȴƼһϤӰֱ
ɲסŲͣǰڻˣ
˱Сͽײ׼ûԤڣ˼ʧ䣬ЦʵȺܾô
ûȶáҡҡͷĿϣӢͦü壬ɫô԰ף
ôʶ̧ϵֻǰףǲ԰ס
Žɵɵǵ⼸գǺæµ𣿡
ı˾æýŲմأʱˡ
ΨһֵҵǣҲлȥһЩ£һЩܲϲ¡
Ƚȥ˵ɡ̧̧򢣬߱ʵſˣ
ùˡɵظ󣬡϶û԰ɣҿһ١
ҲáЦһ£ǳʱ򣬶Լ٣øЩ
ϴ֣ǾȻؽŰ
ԽæµθԽ˼ڱ㲻ˣСͽĵĺƭ£ǿ˼
һûкúóԷ΢ѵһֲݾܾǿӲһпգͻԷ
ܵæ⼸ձˡ
ߣرŸ첲ϰԵر˱⣬úóԷҲúϢʲӱʹҲգ
ɵؿαϣȤͽܣȻ
üһûҽӻ
ЪϢƬ̣ڵʱŮ.֮£
ۡȲǳãԲ㽫ˮ˳ȿȡôͻȻ
ûаϴѾܾˡɫ޹ղײգͽɣ

ǲòʦ
صԷ׼õ˳СͽԶ
ɵϣһ˫Ĵ۾˸Ŷ֪ʶĿԿʼˣ
šһ£Щ±ֲ㣬ȻӦ㣬ᾡΪ
ԼδܹȴҪӲͷƤ̵Сͽܡ
ţͷ絷⡣
лŮһ˵Ů֮以Ľ֮顣
ǳȸСͽܲŮãһĸ뵽ĲΡ
꽫鱾ϣƯҹµʡ
ʶ̧ʡ
ϿʵûʲôһСͽʳ֪򡭡
ֱͦĿƵһлŮô
һʱûףţ
һʵлаô
ͫ׵𣺡
лҪ˵
ҲǿԵģŴ˹֮񱡭
̣ŶҮʵѾ͸оˡ
ϧĴСһ˾ͻὴ𡭡
˫һӪҺӸˣ



26 
ʹѾǰ׼, ǱСͽܲƵѵˡ
ֳ̧סǰװ˼, ȴԺнϵͳ007007𣿡
ϵͳʲô£
Դӷϵͳ˰ٶȰٿƵĹ⣬ʲôҲﲻ⼸꣬ϵͳƵʾԽԽͣȴһνϵͳʵЩ
ٸȷһ飬һȫԱҵCPȨıС˵԰ɣ
ϵͳĬƬ̣ôˣ
ղСңΪʲôǵлŮла
ϵͳʵеôͲла, ĪУ

ϵͳİ, С˴, Ӱ񡣡
ҭ
лаֻ⾫׼֪ʶäˡ
ϵͳҸЩ
ɲ, ġ
볤õĳĬ, ɽĿ쳣ϡ
֧ɵڻȥ, ¶˴Ưϸѩסϸϸ, м们, ֻҪһ, ָӡӡ
, ʵġ˼·, ֱ, ̵Сͽܡ
գգ۽ޣ˲佫еĳɾһ˫Ĵ۾صԸꡣ
˵лаʵ伮мأҡ䡢ĥȣֻ֮ͬ
ԭ˼ԣ֮𣿡
ɫǰ޹Ա޹䣬޹֣ݡ
ЦȻ޹Ա޹䣬лŮδ̫ˡ
¶һ˿ص˵öԣ̫ˡ
ʵһ򣬰ֵİ飬ֻ׼̵Сͽʱʶѭ׵
𴽽ǣʱû⣬Լˡ
ܺıܣҲĸ΢΢۽ޣ̵Сͽܣͨ˵ǻͰ˽Ϊһĳ嶯ɴɿ֦ɢҶͬమҪܺıܡ
֪ǲܻӵġ
ƶǶص˵ͷʵҪôΪһأ
ȿȡɤӣǽսѧص㡣
һĲӣݸСͽܣ˵бܣǺģҪ֮Կ
ӹӣһҳֻһһŮڻУɺʲô
յҼ·
ؼҳֻǲϵŮԽԽ٣ֱŮӽһƬĺɫԧǶ½󳨿ӱһ𡭡
˲͸ˣҵŲߣͷ⡢ʲô
򶨣ƵػصҪѧĴ֮¡
Ȿͼѡģ羫£ȤȲ̫¶ŵСͽܣҲں˲֪ƣʺɶ
ҡǡװ۵ĶÿҪѪˣԭҪѹŮ㣬ѡҵ㡭
źߵÿҪð̵Ĵ꣬еĲɢ˼֣ЦͽܣǴʵĺûᡣ
һȥֻеһһŮӵƻһһ
²յֳ򢣬ĵȴСͽܷⱾͼᡣ
ⲻ֪Сͽܣ˽ȻѼĴͼ˸飬ʲôֹˮǡ
ԺУԶͼϵ滻ɡ
¶ô¶ڵʵҲûʲôɱܻģлŮ֮顣
ҿˡͼᣬСʵǡҲ𣿡
ȿȿȡ䲻ֱˮǺһ¡
æվݵļ޹ôˣ
͡üĿ֮ɫػصҲǺԼԭһİɣ
ֶ
ûԹ𣿡վ࣬϶£īڵסʪĺ촽ŮУ
˼Ȼ
һڣ͵ػعⲻʵģ
ôСӣίͰ͵Ϊʲôʣ
ĺ˼˵ԼӶǸ.УΨһһ֪ʶն̸ˣⲻƽ׽СͽЦô
Ϊػصʵ£㲻ʡ
ȱߣԽϥϣ˳ػصõģ
ˡʶ֣ķյĽѧˣȻȥˡ
ȻߣʱίˣߵҺòײżأǲǲϲˡ
ԿǣЩˣ뾡ЪϢ
صҹԹԵģ
ܾùֵֹģƣû˼ֻεشӦСͽ¾ޡ
Ҳǵһ˯һ
***
ֵС̫ˮСӽˮ¶ʵȶȣ׼źԡ
ɣƿţһɽˮʻ磬Ըµźԡ
£ź˵Сæصūɡ
ôͲˣ
޳˫չ£Ͻһ£ЦͺúЪŰɣ
վ⣬Ǽѩ´Ϸɺһϡ
ѵˡ
һ󡰶ˡˮڵ˻̤ԡͰ´µڰ͸¶͡
˫ƺζԭأ۾һ˲˲ضӰأૻ
ڣڿȫйٶ
ֻҪ룬һٳڣһ˼ҹľҲʲôҲ塣
ңֻҪһ뵽оðˣ㲻
ǣ걧˫ϥ⣬ԵζͼԺйճ֮һķˡ
ͷͼ䣬һϤɤڶ𣬡СߣôѪˣ
ţȻӻѹʶ̧£ȻһѪ
ϣСһϽߵ·öȵˮУ
תصڣһӣѹȱֹѪѸָСšһǰԼ
ϣöݣĸе㡣
Ƭ̺󣬱ѪֹסɿסӵתһǣɫؽȾѪ˻
⼸յƵʹãֹǿϣζѾܵˣһҪһӣµȫѹ
Ѫֵˡ
ȵˮյݸСͽܣ𣬲ʳֻ⣬ÿһͶҪϹ߲ˡ
ʮ꣬峤÷ɿ죬ʳҲ൱һʱҪСͽܴûأʱæڹСͽܹͽĶ׵˶
ûʳűػص
ָһĶͷ˵ûʳö˶˵Ѫ
ҡֹ
ԭһ֪
𶯣ơ΢΢ס򢣬̧ϸһˣѪֹסˡ
ɫµػ
ǧ˿մˮԵںڣ΢ʪķβɢڼ󣬳ĵǰ˼ֱּ࣬ìܵΪһ塣
ôˣ⸱ģ
ˣĸɺãȻʲôƵģʵ
񣬲Ծü֮ǰһ
ʵϣԴ乬ûٻȥȴҲһֱ˼乬еһС
գעЩ乬Ķ򡣡̫ӵ£ܻȥĸ鷳
ɫ΢䣺̫ӣʲô
һյ裬֪ԭɣ
֪һֱҥĸɱĸ
ҥԣôʵ
ĬƬΣҡҡͷĸѾ񲣬Ҳ֪
Ҹ㣬̫ĸ˲ĸ̫ĸʺ󡣡
ԣٿȻ̧ͷ
̾һɱĸŮɱ֮ģǡΪһӡ
Ϊ󣬿е£ĸ̡ƫƫʺӲۼɽӣĸƾӹʺĶȴһֱ޶ɼʳѰ
ڴʱʺչĴŮ˸⣬Ļӹ̵ʺϥ¡
Ӻ̫ӵĹأղףԳǸӣӱѡһɹ̸й˳زΪ̫ӡ
ܽˣʺ˽԰ºɻأɢҥԣ޻ĸ
Թ۴乬÷񲣬һɱ˵˭أ
ϣֽסӷ֣Ƭ̺ʵЩ£Ӻε֪ࣿ
š
ܲ˵ΪԼվϵӽǰɣ
תһȦٵػصǳ£Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪûв͸ǽ
иֳһ˿ã
һµĽԭҪ˭ߡ΢һüԶ׼ô
̫ӵǿ壬ǵֳ֤еץסؼ⣬˾֤˽ó᲻ᱻ˷֣
εЦЦɵѽȻ㸸ʲݲ˽ӣôñ˾¹ؼ֤
΢αģ
ҲǡҡҡаƵָܵ갸ʱŮԱŲʺеļŮ˳ϣҵֱˡ
ҵˣ
ԣҵûоֻȡϵһ塣ڴ˸ǷҲʺϲӣҸ̫ô飬Լɡ
̫ӵСǼҲ㲻ϴԵ֤ݣڻҲͻƿڡ
ˣɲ⣺ôֻۣΪʺ̫ӵĹϵ̫Ϊ˱ס֮λȻ׺ͻʺ
룬벻ֻܵſϷɡִ˸ǷúܣϴˣҲϢ
ƳɫһǱһֻһѣѸסЪϢɡ
齣ŵϵľ죬һ˲һ̵ֻסˡ
ţôˣ
δֻ̧صҸһ½ģ滺ƣ͡
ø첲ס齣΢΢㻹
ѧġ˫͸ľ˳һԣ治
áӦƺδôӺ߻ӣδĵ˿̹ǰĦģĶԡ
е㣬Ǵͷ˿˽ֺ
׹ǽ΢΢͹һϸ£Ҳȥһ±㷢졣
űӨ׷ű죬͸΢΢¡СɵĽֺԲɰһ壬˰֡
ôˣԴƬ̣ߴٵ
ηѣ޳ÿָԼʩĽġ
һЦ̧űסĴ.ȣЦС߱ˣе
һǣֱ˼ʵĴ.ȽӲʯ顣
лҪ˵
С̰ĦǼ٣͵棡
һ£СǿǸɣ׻ô˵ţġӲʯ
һҪߴ飬ӪҺ3000򣬱ǸвУ



27 Ҫҹҹ(˫)
һ˲, ·ͻȻʧȥҿƵȫĸйٽԼеһ
Ĵ., 㱡Ĳϣƺظܵĵ⻬
ƵСָװ͸ֺۣ΢΢ֻҪƶһ
ȻֻһţδעԼŵλãܿջ˽ţЦˣܲʺ
һͺǵϥصСͽܣȻһץסĽס
˴۽ޣ, ɤ΢Ƶػ
ţôקһ, 뵹ڴ, ˳īԼͷ䣬͸һ˵顣
˵ĺ¶˶, Ǳɿ, ֱӣٷɿЪϢ, ȥϴˡ
˵, Ѹת, һƵĹ˳ȥ
СͽⷴӦֵú, Իգգ۽, ٴϮ, ûж, ͷ˯ˡ
ԼĪһĹٴλصԷڣȻ˯ˡ
겻ɷ˽ŲŵǰСࡣ
ô˯һǻ˯棬˵ҹʵ´ȥ
עⲻϸ΢޷ݡ
ƿŴɫ޼ɵ񾲵˯ա
һ̣ȻǰԼһδȻ˺ÿ
ʱֲʶȥҲֻáÿƯĴ
񣬡ǣӯӯɡʯ䡱ܽѧʫʸ踳̾ǰ֮ˡ
Щ
ţ̲ס֣̽Żǵ
˯һ߽
ȥֵʱ˰УһҶ
κȷûѹǽڷƶָġīƻ١
ΣƬ̺ջָɣְԽԼҹвٶǹ֮£һᱻס
շӲ̰һʱ֮䡣
Ҫģҹҹǳþá
***
ֹգƽĻʹкȻһԷ˵ǹֹˡ
ʼСŮ˵˵ŷˣտеĵš԰ɻءŮƣ̫ҽҽ޹ֱӽӳ˹⣬
ǿۻ಻֮ԡ
Ի˽´ˣ԰ɻټϺŮԳЩĹǣ뵽׮ɰ
ﱻ԰ĺɻ̳ϴĿɾǺ°
ֹ˼գҹ·԰СŮٴײأֹһڴйʺĶС
ʱʺΪӣɫһ廨ʳָ
˻۵õһʳָʱðһѪ顣
ˣѪˣ̺ĴŮæͳӣǰʺסʳָ۵ۣǧҪСЩ
ʺɫһ˲ʵԴӺδ
ǰͨŮصʼײǸСŮ﹬ġ
ʺϸüô˹ϵ
·թŮɫƵǼ澶˶ˣ±˹ܽ첻ɣ
ʺ΢⣺Ӣ˵
Ӣͷǣ
ֹʺЦһⲽҪƣ˭װŪ
˵ʲôʲôҹйֹˡ
ΪʱźӣĹŮǶסڶУԱʺʱ
Ϊʺ̺õĴŮӢסһ䵥ĶУм󣬱صԼԷ
ϨڴϣϴһϤϤ漴һϮ뿪Ĵ֨ѽ֨ѽ졣
Ӣĸ첲һ㼦Ƥ񣬲ɻ´ĵҹķ䣿
ߵǰ׼ϴ䲻˴Ӱ
һҽиշһ룬ĺŮƮ˽ȥһסʺ
ǺŮʪǲŴˮ̳ͷڵʪǰεδµˮ˷ֲԴǰ
ֲ԰׸ףɫָױǣסӢɾͽ
Ӣ˫ƴĴ˫֣Ϣжϻһ˻ƵŮˮк䡭úòҰ
ҡʹúӢġҡ
ŮһɣӢڵء
ȿȡԼĺʹĵԩͷծ˲Ұ
εδˮδͣǵڵصˮ֪ʱѪɫѪˮһɹɵؾۼһһֱӢűʣΪˡ
Ӣʱŵʧæ۹ڵϿͷǲ¡ǻʺָʹº޹ذŹҰɡ
һδƽһйֹʺĴŮŵ÷񲣬ѹסˣ˹ǰ
ƣƵд˫ۣڹסʮأδŹֹ
ʱӣӣаħȻҳͷأһװŪ
۽ɣⷬãһӣȥһ飬Ǻ˵Ϊ޵ƤӵװŪ
ǣϡ
鷳ǣǺŮȴƾʧˣһ԰˼գӰ
֮£ֻóûʺи֮ʱ䲻ؽĺӢ˱˾
ʱӦ򸧴ʷ˵Ĺ
޳ֶһյ裬̬ͦζŵϣԺӢĲҽţǳʱüͷһ¡
ŮȻ£ȻµģʵǱ˾ֽյݸĽ¶һ˿ǳЦŮ˽һ˾ȴһַãܡ
Ӣ̼ϣͷɢѪз϶İУŮҲ޶ˡ
װɵӲȥġǰ˽̧ϸ˵գ뵱ˮһкθϵ
***
巵
ɫڣϣ¹һƬ
ϣһĻʺ޵ڵأ˫ִؿڿ޺볼檶ޣ˽⳼檵ΪƷ𣿳˵ȴ֮°
һ࣬쳣ʹҲû뵽ʺɱõף
ԩ޳ΪҪңʺ󼤶ָһʼֹǴ㹬ﴫģѲ˸ϵ
ʺɲҪտڰݳ檡ʾطý۽ǵ飬ϣߵ̫ԩˣ֤֤ڣҪһ
ʺתۣߵϣϳԩ
ˣ͵һη֣ʺ޶㾹Ыĳ
ʺ޵滨꣬ȫնׯ磬󺰵ϣǹŮǱˣα֤ݺ檣򲻿ɱɱѽ
ʣʱһԵ̫ӵºȻĸլʺӶ缺¿飬븸죡
̫ӣ۽ĿͶԴ巣ζʵ֮⣬ŻʺǱԩģ
ҧҧصǡ
̫ӵ£ʺıĿĸһͼӴף֤ɽȴŻʺɡ
ס죡һֲ˵
ԣֻ㬵ر졣
ȿȿȡ۾ҿԼʵģô
һֱԹۼ˵ִԹֻصػϵĻ΢յһݹ״ӢָϻʺڹԪ䣬һıλá
һȻ
ȿȿȿȡۿȵһضɽҡ
ԪҲ˲ʧˣǰĹ۵ıȰϢŭҪ
ԩԩʺһÿҪʹȥˣǼݺ˷֤򲻿Ű
ŵؿڵԡ檵껳ĵһӣǱʺﺦģ
ʱվڹԪһȻҲ뵽Լʧȥĺӡ
ȥߵ״񣺡ϣΪȥĺֻع
ˣʺ֪ȥ̱ڵأ޺ϡΪ檲һֱµһ֮ĸ𣿡
⡭ȿȡһѽϵķȥⶾ޿㣡
ϲΪ檹¿꣬ĸԲŲ⳼Ϊʺ𣿡ʺŴЦ⳼ΪʺȴһҲ檣óֻɣΪŮ
ۺȵ˵˵ʲô
˽ɻأϹȫڹʺԲڵʵȥĸӣѵΪϻϵ𣡡
ںԣŭģˣ˿콫ⶾȥ
ͬʱڵ̫ӵ±۾ٿ顣
Ƭ̺󣬵ⲻԶһ۴Ƶָḧ崺ʣͬİ֮ˡ
ŵһҧгݵһֺֻݺץסĸ첲
ˣмǰһȴڴ˵񰲸£˻ȥ
ƽ̫ӵ£кָ̣
ɫѹɤ˵£
̫ӵ£΢ȷ¡ƽؽ͵ֻڹװŪ΢ʥ֮ò顣
üͷ壬װŪ֮ˣѵ㣿
Ȼ΢Լĸ첲±ֻҺ͵֪Ϣй¶ȥģ²ȥһԼˡ
һ㶣˻
΢ѵһ䣬һֹֹĹŮĸһʺﱻϣյ˭أ
Զ׼
ʺһϣζ̫ӵ֮ΪӡʱڣȷΣ巵Ķ֮λǹٲµĻʺôλʺĶӲ˳ĵӡ
ҲʲڴڣݳҧΪʺԭ
񣺡йиˡ
***
ʺһΪˣ乬̫ӵ½ͷö֮ʣȫû˼ע⣬ϢһλŮ
ɵϵλС˶ӿǸŪˡС̫๷Ӱ˳űߣڵȡ
ţ˳˫ۣɤӿ̫ӹеˣôŪ
ѽֻҪǸɵҪĶǾϵǺˮҲ취ŪТɵѽ˶ĴΪ󣬡˵ˣʺ񱻷ϣǶ᲻˵أ
󵨣˳һţȴ֮⣬⻰˵ģ
֪֪˶æԼһƣɵֻǰ˵˵
˳Цһ˵Ҳû⹬аҪඡ
˶ΪȣɵǸ˶ôأ
˳һڲβ裬ôŪģ
ָʹæŪģ˶ص
˳һ˫Уأ
ǣ˶ڽ͵ǹŽΪҡɵʾã˶ɵˡ
˳Цһأֶ̫
˶е˭ֶں͸ɵʥεˣ˭ͽɵأ
˳缫Ϊõص˵ͷЦۼ˶ûܾ
ǣ˶ֵ֧̫࣬ƨƨߵظڸɵߡ
̫ڹס·ʪ࣬˳粻ڻʳһרլӣеֵŵӣһ㹬˿öࡣ
ƿţڵĴϺһ˶Ҳ
˳ԽԽ˷ܣ˫..ЦﲻϧĴɶ˶˴³
˶ɫһаĥ˵̬Ȼ˵⻰Ҳ±ͷ
ǣɵѵǣЦͷӴˣ»һؽ˶͵ɵ
˳ߵǰֵСŮȷʵֻҪ𹴻ǵı£ǻǲ˼ֻš
ɵ˻˶̽ʵĪǸɵĿꣿ
˳Ц˵Ҳʶ
˶ɵʾ
˳ɤӻصߵµ̽ϸǰĴˣ˾򸧴˰
һйŵ˲ײض˶
ϢԣڵȻ䣬һɼɱһֱںڳס
˶Ȼûû뵽ɵȻӡ
Ӱǿѵһľɫ˶˳ЦȻн.˲֪飬˫۾һ˵ýֲǸģ߳ϲװǻƣ룬ﲻ򸧴ˣҹﵽ˴ϡ
˶亹ֱʶһΨΨŵŵɡ¼Ϊӣӿɲҡ
ɵҲûǸš˳бһֽۣ⿪ۼֲˮתһ򸧴ѡ
δ䣬ǰιһӰֻһһѪ
˳ɴ˫ۣĿ˹ƵĵǰһŮװߵ£㡭
շһۣصȻأ˳Ҳף˶ôҡһ䣬߻ӡ
ֳѩذףޱز˲罦ϵѪִʬУ¶һɼŨҵ
ŹŮӵķɫһͷīڵĳɢһʱôĪ棬ɢů}˵մѪ޶򲻸Ҷ࿴һۡ
ߡߵ¡˶ĶѪȲ̵ɱ˳棬˫һڵأͰ͵ؿͷСġСѰķԸ
ˣ½̫ˡţƺδݺһʬɭǰѷذףһһ̫Ż
ԼеФ֮ˣᱻǧУң
лҪ˵
С̣ۺŮװϲҪ֡
˫СɱˣӦòᱻŵء



28 ɫԧǶ
, ĵͱϣƤʱ, ߲ëȻ
Ѫһأ˳ڵĵ˶űʣСŲϥǣͼܿѪ
ǰ߻ҵʱ˶ȫûٵߵ³־˺
׼Ҿƶ׵Ǹƹһξƺʧֽ״Ϊ˻뷽跨С
սǼ꣬ǹ͵ȵС̫, ײС̫ɵöۻۼֿ, 㹻, żȻһλ˳ۣԴ˾͸˳ź
Ϊ, ˳Ǹļ̬Ť̫, ڲ˵ŸַĥЩĹŮ, üĿС̫ҲŹ
ô, һһδ˳̧ѪĹŮ, ЩֻʣһòŮ, ʱ᲻ܿƵס
ͬʱ, ˳ҲǶȭ, ɶ, գֻҪһ˳ľô̵ıӳù̵͵ϣԻǽΪá
˳磬Լոһձϥһֺ˳硣ˣ߻˽ҵҪԼɵ˳ʱ˼ƻĿԣܿͬˡ
Ȼ߻ҲŵΪ˵ĺôȼɭϵĳ˵ĻʹУ˭أ
˿ߵ±ɱַȴֵʶʱʵ뻢ıƤиµ»Ӳš
̫ѪɣƲһڳһڶ
վѵһнѪذףƺﻹһˡ
ӸµظţսսصС̫࣬Ȼ̧ţϵذ˹ȥ
˶ŵһߵ¡
ذףͱɤ
˶Ȼ⡭
㣬һ㲻𣿡˳Ũܵ۽޴£ÿĴ¶һĨĻȣ˵˹ôãûɱˣɣ
޸߸ϣŪ
˶ԺǰܷһĻĻҧҧżذף˫ֽգݺݴѪģʬ
һ˳ͱ漸ԽͱԽˡ
رϷƺ⵶е
ˡƬ̺˫ĵȥɣƻ¡һ˰ֲ
˶ɿذףæĵ·ģū澾ỵ´ƣ
׼߳ȥȴֱߵ½סˣ嶸Ȼһ
ϵѪѵɾѣ©š
ǡ˶Ӧڲ˲ǰ亹˳Է
ʱһɾ̫ñ飬֮ǰߵ̫
ϣ˹ôˣм̫ڵóӣ¶
Ķôأ˶װǻƵȥɵİãǻ֪𣿡
ٺٺ١̫ǷһЦǰڵǸ̫˹سϵĸ˶
ѽ˶һڲ裬ѹ˼ϸɤص̫ӸģǽһˮӴ
ַ̫һֽУֻ̫ЩŮǣƽնƲЩˡɾǶ̫ӵŮǳˣǵá
Ȼ̫Ц֮ʣȻһʧĺˣˮˣ˵ˮˣ
˶ɫһ䣬͵վãɵߣ
˸ϵʱȼܴ
С̫ǴҴҴˮȥȻ𣬵ˮнǻټµøɸɾ
***
˾ӡֱ̫ڡ
չһڰϣðϵأ˵ʲô
ڣǧҪΪɵ˶ڵϿͷ޵ɵ̫ˣȫս˰
չǰһ̧֧סԴٻô£ۼһһʮء˵
˶ֹסޣɤ˻Ƶػصɵɵǰ˶һСŮ취ǹŮŪ˻Тһ¸ɵ˭֪
ֺһ󣬲ż˭֪ǹŮһѻ˸ɵӰ
չȻɫⲽкɸֵ˶ۼ˵̰ɫҪ¶ǲ
¶˶Ȼ̧Լ֮ݣûȼһֺףûסɵǼ˺˸ɵڣɱɣ
˶ں׵ϣϥǰһѱסչĴȣֻһҪɵ𰡣
չɫһŽ߿ŭۼһɶӣûϢĶѰٻ
˶һ㶣Ĩһᣬصڽѵǡ
չصϣʵǼأ
˶صڵĻֻиɵʬףǹŮˡ
ߣչЦһһССŮӺδĵɱݻ𣬾ѣ
ڵ˼ǡ˶ɵթ
Ʋ˾࣬ô꣬Ҳˮˮչ۾ʺ󱻷ϣ̫ӵ£ԽԽסˡ
⡭˶һãȻɹ˭˲֪ڵûϳţϸŰͽᣬΪҪڣ
˵òչԽԽ䣬̫ӲԵ޹ʶ˳֣Ƕ˶ʲôɸ˵ܡ
ǡ˶ڵϣԥԥʵǸɵ𣬻ܱ𣿡
֪ݻ֮ǶŮ˳ֶȣֱ֤֤Ƕָʹ̫תͷƲøɸɾ
չûϢĶ޿ӣΪ˭𣿡
ԣ˶ֱֿ˸ͷڣֻˣ
ɡչ̧̧֣ڼˡ
˳粻ĸɶӣұۣ񶫹һۣ¡
***
ҹ˾һӰϢֹţּƿ˵š
Ǵ˯£ֵС̫࣬˯߻ӵ޵⣬ȫûвǵӰ˽ȥ
ͣڵĴǰŵƿǰµķ϶㷭ȥ
֨ѽһ򿪣˫ֳڴǰһԾ˴̨
һ˲䲻һ˫Ưһۡ
ŵһУûˤȥҺһֻɰ֣ʱץסǰ
ˣʱһӰǰ²̽һȦȴûзֿ
ֻ̧ۣ߻һֹƶڴ̨ϣвɸֳһ˿ɻ
˿Ļŵһȴ򶨵תͷɫصͺȵʲô
νƲ
ֶݺݵһ
˭ô˵ģڵڿڣץСͽָܵһɡ
šһͺߵ±ƨŵˤ˴̨
ޱؿһۣŽ
ɢſڴ̨ϳ¿ֻСͽ˲ڵϣһ
װˡѵⴰ̨û˸ߡ
ʱգע⣬Сͽ͵͵ڸһأվֱ˾Ȼ߳һ㡣
оǲǣеӪʣˣ
Ȼڵϵȴһ
΢΢üвٲҾͻȥˡ
䣬װһµͺߣ
תвСβˣ
Ƭ̺ٴ´̨ƨ㱧Թƨˤúʹ
Ŷ齱£ָ˹ơ
һߵߵ˹ȥ룬ûüңƨɱݺݰһơ
໣һסƨԭת˸Ȧ죬ίؿߵˤңôң
ľ㡣һԼ޵ţƫҪˤá
΢΢һſں˵˵ⲻǣһ
ƤЦⲻЦ࣬Ҿ;ؿ࣬㵽ܱʲô
Сͽһţһֹ˵ߵ½ӲʣЪˣκ˽ȥš
һӿŲ޵ߣ̫๬Ůû˸
ӰߵԲκ˴ţһӰɣ
ɫǵƿţ첽ǰĴ¡İͼСͽܣô˶ûӦ
ɸе죬ֱ̧ƿ˱ӣŵľ
־ּתȥйǣ۽ɨһȦɾĳʩ侲
Сͽ֣ܵûܽϢش޹˾СͽܿǹóֹĹǣĳЩڳ֤Լȥɱˡ
ͨҰĵڴϵСͽܻ
һȣȵò㶼˯ˣ߲Ŵһ졣
ҡ֪첻ȥԴֻصȥˣ˷֣ԡ
š˫ֳű죬ϾȻأ
װɵȻҾͻѽ
üѹiʱ˪㣬첻ڳ֤ȥʲô
ɫ˫ֲԾס°ڣһԡ
⸱ģȻ˵ǸʮСӣֻҪǽŻѿʱĶ
쳤޳ͦεɣǰɻ˾ִٲ
˼ˣ΢Żʲô£û㡣ԣϣҲ˵ʵ
üĿķӿŲ״
Ȼ˵Լɱ˲Ż
ȥǰĻеǴΣɱˣ֮ǰϰܶΣɱ˵ĸоǺܲһ
вûп־壬һ˷ܸУѪڣǳĻѹĶйֺΪҲһƿر˵
ǲζţأ
ҹΨһڵģǽ¼˹̫Щؽ̫ĥ
Сߣþõòش̲ס
Դ˱˾СͽܽʱԽԽ٣󲻳СͽܵЩʲô£᲻Σգ
ҡµʵҾǡȥһ
ڹȽţʶ˦һ䣬ȴӿ˦ʲô
ۼֿظڵصĶҿ㵽ڸʲ
δ䣬µβٲʧ΢ŵĴ䡣
ƯָץһɫϣϸһƣԼץģŮ
һɫԧǶ
գգ۽ޣһǣ˹Ƶһ˶ǶܿƵɤѽصʲô
Ƥ˲õѪڽͣȴ⴫һɤӣû°ɣ
ٿȻתͷҧгݵʲô£
лҪ˵
ҵʹ
С̣
ɫԧǶٶȳ´һٺ١
˽ȥҽԺԱȽ϶С˫໣



29 
Ȼϰ߻䳰ȷ̬, ĺȳţĿתһٴе, ʱ׼ǰ
ɴתߵǰ˵ˣû£
˵գ̧־ҪϴȴһֻĽʸסˡ
һµİŽʵסĮغӡ
ڵķиһɱ˵̧־ȥץǱ
ʲôأʱڻ񣬼ѵؽߴӵϵǿɫŲǳ, ܣ
ֱϮŵĶڰ, ڨڨջȭͷ, ûаֻϴ
Է˸ۣʾⴰİû, °ɡ
ջؽ, ȷ޵ڲΣգϢˡ
һ, عؽ˴, ̵ػصǰ
ҡ
㡪
ʦͽ˼ͬʱ, Ĭͬʱֹס˻ͷ
΢̧򢣺˵ɡ
Сƿ۽, ͷ߳һ, ȴʹÿͰ͵Ŀ߿, һݵʵǶǡ
, ֪ˣ㲻˵ˡСͽһɬÿ챻ˣƣ˸ͣơ
ѻ۽£ȷϵ֪ʲôˣ
ȡζʧòЦһЩ£ֻᣬԴ
ҹСͽܵһ쳣Ϊ˺Ľ͡.ȱصһǾ۽ʵʡ
Сͽϵ֪ʶȴûпǵʮˣͣԱмĺġ
˵ʶǶ

Ҳã˽±õɱˣܡ
ǸŮӡĸˣشϣʼСͽܵĸ
ڵӱøΪ˫۽һԲ
Ӧǳֹġòشֻط̫߶϶࣬ѵҲԣ֮ǰ̫Ѿͷ㷴Ӧô󡣡
ǲػ
Ƕ̫ӸİɣɫŮɲҪ
ʺ󱻷ϣ̫ӵ½ͷöָôأСͽܿ˶ˣǿеѰ졣
üҡҡͷ
ѽֱӸ˵ˣʲô˵ģֻҪ㿴ϵģ㸸ʺе
ȻֹվŵָСͽܣ㡭òǺ㸸ʵ˽ɣ
ĴѧУһλùУ˴Ϸ̸ѧϰλ﹫Ź磬ҲȽ˲ֹϴԡ
Ѫľ飬Īɸʵ۴ñӣԼӿԼС衭
̶һ˲䣬ԺѾתͷ
첽Сͽǰƽֱļ磬ĳͽܣĺδ޷ݣαصһ֦۲ðյ£

Ӹղŵڣһֶû˵Ըͱеڡ
СͽܲЩˣСڵϲȽ
Ϊʲô˫յȻ˽ڣʵСϲͲ𣿡
Ҳǡ
һգգΪ棬۵˸һ˿ѹѿ
Բ𡣡ɫϿҵСͽܵǸĸ飬ֻǡ
ֱֻµĸ飬ݣΣհ
ûСֱͦļȻһɣԼͶĻûк͸ʵ˽ᡣ
һʱûѹֱ󵹣ڴϡ
û⣬һǾͺá
ؽůܰĲСƵز˲䣬
Щ΢΢ƫĵؼ׷ʣԣС߸ļҹ
ɤƽĺ˿ڴϣ˵β΢΢̣һ㲻ԾζǱëһ£ǱСèצһ¡
˵սʵ˫ۣصҪˡ
˵ʱ̵ıϢеĶɪһ£Сߣ㱻ƭ
СͽܣǷĿɻûأϲ˹һԷƭǺڸ˺Сͽĺڻô죿
ǸܺõˡĴѵˮɨ⻬ļɫػصҿԿ϶Զ˺ҡ
һ֪ôģ⻰ȴһĪĲ졣
̧ƿԼСԴʶ찡ô
̧ͷ̽ʵˣ
ɫһ˵Ķˣ
˵úأ
ĿƵضһ˿һı顣
ȵȡȻϵĳɫԧǶ͵ϰ᣿Ѿ
ڱϣЩãȻʲô
͡ǸָָϣǿŮ˽ܵǸòѾ͵˰ɣ
˶٣ſںߵûУǶǶֻҵ

ӺȻŵ̶ֳŮӾȻԽԼĶǶ͸ӣ
ɫ粻ر任˺üֻԼץĸĸ޶
ɲԧĶ񹫹
üͷһɣֻѵлŮ֮û⣬ʱִ֮СĽ򲻿̰һʱ֮˴¡
ġҲ̬ȣҲȥˡ
̫඼ճɽ̿ˣȷʵûټˣⲻѡ
һʲô˼Ƿˣ
˵Ĭϡ
һԻ󲻽⣬˵˵ϲÿ죬ȥҲ죬ٶδҲ̫Щ
ȻԴһܲܲ˵Щˣ
úúã˵ˡͶ˾֣˻ͷЪϢɣȥˡ
һץס󣬡ˣ°ɣ
ε㶼ôˣٺһ˯ʡ
ʲôʵģһֱ˵һС𣿡
һС۰Ͱ͵ضԼ̲סҡˣɵǡ
ҽձ͸ģӴˤȥʤ׷½ԴҲοοңһҹجΡ
ԲĹĵĺף̾ϢصֻһΣ²Ϊ
šһĿ¶óѵЦݡ
***
˵ڱ˾ɿļȣﻹǳЩ˯ǰԡһ
¸ϴɾСͽ˾Ͳڵ׼£ľԡͰзˮ˼ƯĻꡣ
ָŻ꣬ЩЦãֲŮӣõŻԡ
˭˵ֻŮûԡֱ׳ػص˵ƽ𣿡

ΪСͽܾηʱСͽܹ˲ִ˵˼룬ɹƽȵ
ܿʶЩȽ˼벢ڷ⽨ᣬڵȼɭϵĻʹԸСͽܡ
ⲻ֪Сͽܽÿһ仰μʱʱóһ¡
ҲܣЩԡתʾԼ͵Ҿſ
ֻøָˮ£ðɣǾСˡ
ϴһ£ܿԡͰ˿¡
СߣҺˡɤһ̧΢ʪķβ
ʱһͷصĺڷܲ㣬ڵǽϰˡ
ҽˡӦƿţƹ߽ӳǵӰʱһϡ
˿ʵص´׹£壬΢΢߱¶ǿɵڣѩ׵ĵϸһķȥ¹ĵһֻظ͵͵ҡ
Сߣ֣Сͽһʧǵӣɵĵôˣ
ҡ˵ĺԾؿڱụ̀֫ٺҲ⡣
ĵǰȥĶͷôͻȻ죿
һץסѾõǱصͷ桭̫ˡ
е㡣ȻŴɢɢ磬Ͳˡ
šӺＷ͵͵Ӧ
΢΢һ£ʾСߣֿԷſˡ
ηѣȻɿָȴԾԼĵطƳȥ
ȻƬ̣ԼѩָۼЩۣǡ
˷ܡ
ϣԼӡǡ
֪Сͽͷתͷ֪޾ߵǰƿҹ΢ķ
ˣǰЩ˵̫Ϊ˱ס֮λʺתЦʵ½Σ
һҺǿԼעصһЩס
ֹѧϰ䣬֪ƵҲ޷Цʺ󱻷ϣ̫ڶʳѰһ紵ݶܽ羪֮񡣡
΢һ˼
οʺ̨Ѳ˸ϵӵĸ¶һϷı飬ӱ̫ľ֣ϷҪǳˡ
ɽۻ̽ӻһֻϽȥǲò˺ҧ
ôЦƺЦСͽܵôʡ
Եգգ۽ޡ
ȴٶ˵ʱˣȥϴɡ
õġֻܹӦ
ʲļĶǶóˮϴɾ˻
ǶﻻŮװʱ˽ԿġΪһƼԧǶԺеһͷǣһǳʺ
ٻصԷʱѾˡ
һ̣ʵУҹϴ£˯ĴϡȾζȻԼζΪһ塭
֪鲻ԽеѪҺڣ.˴齡
СߡʲڰģһԼ˯
ڴͷ˯գǽڷ˻
ô죬뿴ɫԧǶģһ衭
лҪ˵
С̣ʦѧСѧ
ҿСʲôʱ򳤴Ǿý̫ʵѾˣֻǻûʱ򣬹ŴҪʮ˰(С)
Ϣ÷ˣУһŬ˫ء



30 򸧴(˫)
峿
˫, ֻҹ˯쳣ȣҹﾹһҲûѹ
Сĵؾ첲, ˬ˸зĵͺߣš
ֱ۲쵽һ룬ȴһ̵ֻסǣͬʱͳ΢Ƶɤ
˻һСߣộ
ţ𣿡ɿƣüܡΪů¯ɣ
ǺǡɹЦָ˵ͦıһ͸Ի˭İ
չȥղ˲Ĳ, ЦŻصʦͨ
, , ɲҪʲôů¯ƿ, ȵ˶, ٷôɡ
ųϰĿ׷ıӰ, ǿ˵ˡ
ļӳ, Ѵ, ڼϵķ, ͭǰ, ׼ͷ
Ϣ߽, ϵľ, 
ҹͬ齶ߣһۼıڣ˾ѵǡ
Ѱ»
˼ˣ괽Ƶ
𣿡͸ͭûɵСͽܡ
кβɣŵĵҿɻˣ
һӺ󡪡
εؽͷжôȥʲôҲˡ
ֵ˿ں˳ķˣһ
Ųָ⴩ڷ˿У±ɾ˷
͹ˣŸʰڣʵʵΪڡ
ڼʱϲɢͷڡǳŰΪ򸧴˱ڣ͸һֿ֮
ŪǼġ
ɣҲΪһη
մӺ񷨣δӹڵӲƽΪ˷䣬Сͽϰβһɡ
ԹϣĿһգգĶͭӳٿȻ顱ӿ졣
ˣ󹦸ɡ֣غһϴ£һŰɡ
˵գ̤޵ȴûص齱ߡ
Ŵζع𴽽ǣִӱǼԧǶ
ҹ࣬ãûֻ֣͵͵ǶȻ˿̶ǶҲմϵ㡣
öǶסڱǣţһ磬ĳֲȶۡ
СߣſںȻ
˲ѣѸײڶ֮ƽǶر£ȶҲȴ
ҪǱоˡ
ҿδ⣬ֻղֳˡ
һ⣬װԵʵʲô£𣿡
̤żԼؽ͵˾ϯʴ̫˳磬ˡ
ȵüôģ
ֹϵţѹɤصһѻճ˽̿
˳粻ƹŶʲô˾ҷŻ
һյ裬ص˳翴˶ĹŮǿн°˻ȥǹŮһѻӡ
ߡЦһ๼
ô˵ûʱδ̫ˡյַȥ˳ôĹŮ񶼰ȻôһŮͳˣ
ߵߣ̽ʵѵ̫Ҫɱ
͸ˡü̫Ӵ˿ѱΪҪɱ˳磬һٽ˾ɾ
̵£ԣΪǺɱ˳磿
ָǽ棬üĽ˳˼
֪࣬޺ףбҡ
ǡƬ̺ſڡ
µһٶȷɿ졣
ȷƻۣһʧ˽ϵͷ
̫ˣǽϸ緢һ
˳ͶΪá΢ɫĮòɱ֮
ᵽɤ۵һأʵǡ˵ֽ̫ľӣ
ҡҡͷδء
γԣ
޷ֿܣһǶĳԭҪ˳磬ɱ˳磬߸྿ΣҲ¶ۡΨһԿ϶ǣ˭µ֣¶Ƕԣһ
ԣײ¶һ˿Цݣֽɾ
Ҳǡ
ɱ˳Ŀ϶ɣ
***
ˣ˳ʬͣ˾ʬͣ½ŲָľϺںʬ˵
΢΢ü̧סڱǡ
ʬȫճ˺̿ȫϲΣɢһͷսĴ̱ζ
˵˳ı̶̬ȣȷʵϧδҲ̫ѿЩ
ȷ𣿡ʵ
ػصش˵Ļͨݺ͸ȷߵȷ˳
ʱ򸧴Ŀװٻ˳ǰ簡Ŀȫǣ
ͶԸû֮ǰûٱѹԴô򣬴˿̼˳ճɽ̿ʵ̲סֻ
һۣѵ㡣
ɫǣˡ
Ŷǰһϸ۲ʬʵȷ𣿡
⡭Ϊѵʬս̶ֳȣѲ˺ۡ
ֲ廰ˣⲻѵ飿
̧ԶȻһ֣ԼһŴưӡ
˵һŮ˽ͨұɷ֣Ů鼱֮£ɱڣֺ±ٸ鵽һɷļͬʱɷʬճɽ̿谭ʬ
ʱ뵽ưķӣͷһͷһͷһͬŽճɺ̿ʾ󣬿лҽûС
齹ʬĿǻ
Ȼ֣˳ǱɱһѴʬ
¶ã֮ɫˣ˳ǱɱٷʬǱֱӷŻˣʲô𣿡
Ȼ𡣡΢΢һЦУ˳ǰ𣿡
С˵мػصǽ֣ĶҶ˳ģ
֮⣬ǼΪġ
ʵΪһͨ޸֮ĹŮɱ˳ʬ壬вκһ㶯Ŀж󣿡
˲׹ԷͨŮӦѵصɱ֣
΢һףҪϢֻһ
Уǡ˵ӲżȻ
΢΢ʼ磬ַԸĿ֤˴Ҫ
ԼĪһĹ˶߽񣺡С˶ˡ
һҹĺޣɤȫ˻ƣ˵ʱ©ķ䣬ģ˶ܡ
ڰǰ˹ضɡ
˶վֻϰƺûվֱ
ս˹ֻʡɫƽһûһµƲŲյĸĭ˹ؽš
ǡ˶ΨΨŵŵػصСһ֪޲ԣ޲
۽ɨɫع۲ķӦ˳ʧʱʲô
С͵ֵ̫һġ˶ɫ룬٣ͻȻ˴󺰣ˮˣСϵɵǰΪʱ̫󡭡
šһڴ֮ǰûﴫκ
˶һ£صδ
ⲻ԰ɡЦЦ˳ڴϵãҲšѰŮӽ˳ǲҽſСޣôûκζ
˵ԽԽ䡣
˶ŵһͰͻصŮǰСɺҩ
Ǿ͸ˡɺҩŮӣȻԵһʱݻߣɺҩĪǼðαӵģ
˶⡭Сʵڲ֪鰡ˣСĽŮͽɵ˳ȥ£СһŲ
Ŷǳòˮ̲Ǿ˵˵֪°ɣ磬ôӶ̫ӸŪģ
̬ȿºͣ̿ȫմϹϵ˶ŵðһ亹
ǰ׼йʡ
˶ش˵ĻСǳŮʱϣġ
΢һü컯գǬһŮҡڵ˻ȥôĵӰ
˶ʱŵáͨһڵϣߵˣСĵλƽȫ̸ɵСҲǱΰ
޲ΣҰ²ǰӸµظ֪ǣζ˽Ѳ飿
ƣ˲˶ߵ¡
ǲͬˣûеҲûѪѹȸкͿ־ȴһޡ
ǡǡ˶ڲϵ亹ǽָʹ
ԣɫ΢䡣
û뵽¾̫һҲ˹ϵ
***
巵ڣ˫أдɡ
Լ鵽ɵһһϢ̫󣬹Ҷĵܽ´ʵϣ˰Ŀǰȷļǡ
һ˳Ǳıɱݻʬɱбһʱ𡣵ڶݻ֮Զ²֪٣һֱڲ̽ȴ˿١ݶϢͬʱһذʧˡ
أ˻ǵ˫ۡ
ѻɺҲήңߵ˻˵ϹʥϵһձһӲʡ
ۣ˳Ǳıɱģɱֱ˾ץס˼𣿡
ϥأ΢ܡ΢ִ˰ʱѹһҹ֮زز׷ȷʵΪѡ
ȿȡۿԼֿڽеջ
ڵſڵչӦƿ˽ϡ
Ҳ˿ȿȡ˳ˣ˱ճɽ̿ȴ֪٣ô
չԣΡΡعڵϣݺϣūһҹδߣܰ
۽ޣֳĬ
˳粻ūˣϰ¶ūšôҲƵϾҵҵ׵չ˲۽ǣūҲ벻á³
ۣ˭˵أöһССŮϣƣ
չ˸ͷϣū̲ܽϡ
Ъֿڵϵ˵ⰸӣûȥˣ
ػصеģֻ˳ϣĻʹҪЩʱա
ʱչΪ˵˾仰ϣ˰참ȷǼбõˮ©
ɫϲһƣĿǰָ˶
ǡ΢ɵǻϲ롪
Ʒָ֪ͬαʹ۴Ļ飿
һ㶣Ѹٻعߵл΢Ϻ񰮣
飡ۻ䣬һ鳶˳֮иı˰أ鵽ף
ʥ
˳ڵ뿪ȴչ
ͣ½Ųתοչڰ˳䡣
չ̾һСӸǳ
֣ʵ˼չģһὫ²ˮʯ˳òס
չԣοһЦֵۼһδ˸ʥεˣĪˡ
ҵҲЦչʥ߶꣬ʥΣҲȲչһˡ
ֻവһŸǡ
Ԫһ鵽ͷʱȻֹȻһ漰ðͷĲҲ಻ȥˡ
۴ΣԷһѳֵĺõ
***
ֹУҲһʱõϢ
мһС⣬ϲУĴԤϺƿ֮С
˽⣬ʱὫ̫ϵҲ˳һС
ҷźڱϣǼµζ߬ǼͬմȾĶǶ
һĺ֪Ϸ硣
νȻͬΪԹΡ
̻Ի͵ĹУ˷ķ磬ĶϹҵĲᣣӰӰ´¼䣬¶һݵӰ
ǵӰϤǰһԷò
Ȼһ˲صĽŲԾסˡ
һĸߴ׳ĳˣһɫ۷Ӣʮ㣬ݼģ
齱ȥÿᣡ
ʱ˫ۣϱסˣȻǡ

һϮɫ£ڳü¶ƯǣԼӨļϣϵĺۣƵ÷ѩþĶǡ
ϲ˫ѩһɫһ𣬸߸ߵڵڵĵϡ
żſڣҪһȴԼŬҲһ
ǣֻ˸ָ򢣬¶һų
ĴָָʪĴ꣬ʳָ죬ŪЦ˵˾ʲôĻ
ֻüŤ
׼ҵּŭȳţƴȫҪŲԭصĽţȥ
ȴΪ˿ĳ»ȥһֻɽԼϡ
ϣѩϸ˿ļ米סΨгֻ԰״ĽϣϵŽƯĽӣ˵Ķסεֺ
ʯԭء
ֱ˻ˮ뵵һзߵĺСߡ
ƿڶȻ˫ۡ
ǻеǿ˳ڴϴڴڵشĿʧضݶƺδֻĵξ
ôΣ
һĻ̫УֱʵĳеϤģǸʼտˣ˭
͵شһԾˮĿѸȥ
Σֻһζѣ
κˣǸģ֡
˭Ⱦָˣ³ֻһƤʬΣ
лҪ˵
С̣̲ȥˣòϸΣǾԼ

ˣļѣ֪̽δʮ˲ˣô֮ʱټ
˫һڲˣ´۵͵һȿȡ



31 
о, ˳ҹߡ
̫Ӹһⲽ, 齹Ҳ
Ѳţûü̫ӵ±㼱͵ʵû
ܡصͷǹŮ˼ˣ±Ѱ޹
͵һ˦䣬ŭҪˣҪʬںڹ¾ܱ£
Ϣŭٸһ侲ʹйǽϡŮǻ, ±Ȼڹеĳ, ɲȥ
Ǿ˵, а֣
Զ׼Ҫݺ, Ȱ, ֮Խʱ, ԽҪ侲
һ, ̲סŭĸ󱻷, ɱ˵ڹͷˣҪô侲
, ԾƶΪϲߡˮ, һɰĵ, , ںıɱױض
˰ǽ֣ǸҲȥ顣߻ظλҧгݵ˾
ԴӴL֮кΪʹް֮գ
΢٣ڵ£ӣǵĵˡ
㻹巵ٸһۣԴ˱˾ɵһ׮һ
ٸӰʥϵּĿǰҲƲԶ
己ҭһ£ɷٸѲǰǸ޿ûе潻̸ˣ
˶٣ͷϸ˵ǰУӲΨһߡ
⣬ѫ󣬺ڻ£̸ڣΨǳݲκϵ
üٸ֮⣿
ߣζſΪκá費طӱıǰʥϣ£Զֹһ
巳ϣٸԣ²
ıʶΪɵ
΢΢һЦȻܶôΪβΪأ
巳ĬƬ̣̾ٸ¿͸ˡ
͸²͸²͸ססã
蹰ֵ£óһԡ
̫ӵɫ˺üЭٸΪãȻǼõġ
Ӧ£߾ȫ
侲һڲ裬ʵٸΪ˰ĻףǺˣ
δκ¶ۡ˼̫ӣӣӡ߻ӣ춫֮λߣпΪĻ֡
ߣмǸ½ʮҲң
費ÿɷ
ܡߣһΪ⵹˻ʺԼйΣ
ǿʵʵʵܣòƲͷڸǰƴԼһֱ̫֮λ
Ȼˣ׿ɣ
***
ֹ
ùӶеģëʰ쵣úļʳӡ
С̫ͨ£λݹ
۽ޣػصɡ
ش̤ڵһʹµ£ˣ
΢һʾ̫ȥغõţŲػصʲôĴ£ñ˻ţ
ؼǰȥ㻹˼ⶺأ˳ˣ
ιĵĶһ٣תͷ˳ˣʲôʱ¶
ǰ¶ԸһѴճ˽̿
˻һʲôˣӾȻ󣿡
ʶܣѹɤصϢˣһһǶǸŮŵģ
⡭ԾˣôŮ͡
꣡æֹڿɲ˵ˣ
¶е鷳ˡ˹ӣɫ˳չĸɶӣǶһССŮɱˣŭ֮£һ˾顣һ鵽Ů͸˳硭
ﱾѰοһ⻰ʱȹϵϣô죿ⲻҵ°ֻ˳һ˳ˮ飬Ķ֪
ţһ˿Ū
λ˸Ӵŵı֣͵廨ͷһݣԼݣ̫˸ָʹڹ
ӺΪرʦӪͻʳǵ׾ȻλʱŽһȨͷ
ֱʼλڲɴཥܿ˻ʳǽֽȨɢͽˣʵְҲѫӵǻԵĺõط
ڴ˿̵ҷбô
˵ʱ˶ﰵأ䣬رͷԷزͽȥ˹Ůȥ˳Ĵϡ
ȻԲ֪Ů͵컻ձ
¶Ȼûϵϵֻǰ˹һСæĻ֪ŮҪ˳
ǰǰͷظⲻҵ£
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ǡǿǺãһץסߵµĸ첲ܣʱɵΪ֤
֣侲һ㡣ֻļ򣬡ȣֻҺ˹ֻ֪ҪǶ˵ȥ϶鲻ͷϡ
زȷˡ˶Ĳṩ𣿡
ؿֵΣ㱳ǻ̫ĸỤġ
̫󡭡ص̾һ̫ϲǵС˳֮С£һ˵˵
Ȼظ֤£־ͽƽɡ
ؼе´ôƽ
ΪΪʳǮʹĥתȥι񣬡һ˹Ի취ؿƿ
ǱⷬˣԥԥҪǸɴ
˵գ˸ĨӵĶ
ֻ˵ͲԶ˲
һۣҡͷ˳Ÿ˶ΨһĿ֤ˣʱðɱ˶ݾߣעĿ
˵Ҳǡسüεı򸧡ȵȣ
ظƵʹŵǵµ𣿡
ɫӦǰԣ籱˾ʲôһ취֪ġ
ǿɾȫ̵ˣس׷ģ˼ֻ񣬻˵˻𣿡
ͨԵСô򵥣زŪһβ𣬡ִԶˣȱȲ߰ɡ
˵˰죬еڿˡغһƨϡ
ɤˣ
ڵĹŮӦ룬ظ񣺡£ӡ
زһۣʱǰһ¶ǵͬǹŮϣ˭Ƶóʲô⡣
ƲƲǣʵôֿСŮ
ǹŮԣָ̧ʹ͸һɳζ
ءٺ١һЦʵ⹬Ŵ˵ȼˡ
ţǻǵһŮƬ̺νػ˻֣ϲȥźǡ
⡭ؼѣӲãô˼أ
һˣҵġ˵СŮҪҪȥźָʹԼɡ
СŮü˼һٴθ񣺡źָʹū澵ĸ
Цãúúã
һεǣȫ˳ǰ֮Ժ
ҲЦĳȴһƬ⡣
***
ǰŽߣջصң޵ִ̫ͨ£ˣ
һ漴ŲȸԾӭǰȥ
ˣ㹬С̫࣬ôͨˣ̤ڵһ˿ɻ
ֹ֮
治ɫغߵ˭֪أҲΪԼµķͰɡ
еЦЦû⣬ֱȻһСͽܵĸͷСߣ泤ñˡ
ʱϲ˫ۣ𣿡
ĿǡѽͺһԼСͽ˫§һѱԭת˸Ȧ
ҳñԺԱˣܿ˷ܵҲᡣ
ǲоûطʹЦãĿԼСվˣҪ˵ء
þգɿվֱˣҪ˵ʲô
һ½ƽ˳һµĽչ̫ӸסӣҪа
ʲôһѸӢͦü壬ӱ¿ˣ
ۡЦ˵ûӵȷ¿ˡ
˱ʵûͬɣ
Ҽ˳̫Ҳŵġ֣ҲûܾҪģս
ϾȰ˵ٸί߰ΣδܳɹӶԷ׳õϢ
ˣٸһǶǵĻظҪԣҲС
ƺףüԽšԽʲô
뻢Ѩɵûӣ΢䣬Щ̫ӵĸ󣬳лϥ£ס
䣬۵ѪŨصɱ⡣
뷨ıˡ
ҪκΣյС
ڴʱϺȻһѧ
һѰȥɺĶŪģ
̫͸ҵġ˲ѹ׷ӿ˵ֻĽƶ֣ưͲɥ־
˵̫̫߶Ϻ˳һĹѵ
áһŲߵǰתƻͷ˵Ҳֻ֣ĺüգô˵ѧռȻԸ⿪ˡ
ʧЦļٵģ
İζض˶ģ˵
ϧļ๽գǲԸ
Ҳ߹ȥŲǻ̵ķԣһ㡣
䣬ֳ
ţɱĶˣСߣ㲻ýˣĻ˵úܡ
ǲԾ˵ԵԺɣɵģ֪ж
ᡰһЦ٩ʲôʲôСĺСһء
ķ·õ˹źëԴ˵øˣð
һϳ΢βġ
У
ĴٿȻסˡ


лҪ˵
Сߣҽͣ

С̴ͷֳ
ҲһûˣǶۣȡһ˫࣡



32 ð
Ĭ, һͬʱĳĬС
վԭأ濴̩Ȼ, ʵıңת÷ͼҳĽڣֻģǴĶѧԻ
Ŀ࣬е㲻ԼĶ䣬ղ˵ʲô
ʹǷܵͣϾǲͨµĴУѧ䣬ǸŲβ֣ʱ
ȵȣ
ü, Ŀڿ, Ǹ˭ѧĲԶ, ô
ʱֿ, ׼ߵ, ų𾢣
, һָֻű, Ͱë, , һ
Ǳʱװ, ɵظĶ, , 
Ļ
񣡡־ץһʱȴĺݺһڡ
໣۵ýһ̽˵־ٵǰ״Ĳ֪Ķѧ˻ҵ֣
ĵ𾪱Сͽܺľٶɢ˼֣ȥȻֱһС飬ʧЦһֻʲô
Ұֽ־ٸЩίͰ͵ģѹô˵ֻѧѧã
Ĳ̫ôҲƣ˭ѧģ
ò̫ڱңѧȥһĹĵģϾͰˣ
𡭡ϽȰ̫ģҲҿ˳ԣ
˱죺㿴˵Щû
ЦҲȫǻְô
ɲҽġȻ治ɫ˦Ҷ鷿䳡ҹ³˹ǣʱҲû١
ȻЩ˽˵Щʲô컰ֻѧȥ

С̫ûˣᷢEE֡
˻¶˼ı飬æ˼ۣۡ
ûƤ֣ЩΡ
˵Сͽ⼸ԽԽˣ˵ֻûԼˡ
Ͳʹ˰С֣صǽڷ֣յߣᴵ
ܰϢëֱһֻһԵֱƤը͸ѪҺ;ԣ̲סƺ߳
ôˣ̧ۣô

ɶģֻؽ
ŤĿ絶ݺݵϡ
ˣôһһεë
СģʵǱ˽ˡЦԷǣɿߵǰֶ˶
ĿһСģ
ȻûԴֱϲ˲䣬ţ

񣬾Ȼף
Ǻܴ࣬Щġë޵СԴϣкЦظʰ쵵ë
Сͽܣһ˵С糤Ӣµ꣬㹻ĵɻȱ
ɫصֻȴɵӦõģ
عͷˣ𣿡
ûСɫʱת磬Цеͽɵˡ
ļֱǳ˾
ָвһԣ
òһһܣˣˣȡɡ
Ҳ䣡
ͽСˡԼ˼ЦеֺüǣгԢҲá
ɫˢһ¾ͺˣ
ôװףתͷȥģСˣԺҪС߸úദŶ
ѧˣСߣСߣ
ôһ˹ȥһܱסôܡôܰҺһֻᲢۣ
ưίġ΢̧һùգЦӯӯҪһƶѣôС
ʵڱסһ˲䣬ǵ㲻ʧӰˡ
͵͵ŵζѹɤʵңͻҸ𵽵𣿡
һû뵽Сͽܻʳ⡣
ţսֱۣļ׷ʵҸ𵽵𣿡
ô㸺𣿡ջߣ㣬ð
Ҳ
ƲʯһƬĳȴʵ˵Ǹ𵽵ףһҵģ𣿡
һأĬȥ
ʱţһҲԽԽ³ֱ޵׵Ԩ
һӳأôԶʲôٶȿڣеƮôңҪۿء
һ£ٵҲܣңҾˡ˦ɲ໣
ش𣬰ǿֱֱۣӽͷ𴦣ˣһֱ˵ʱ俼ĹΣղײգͽɡ
Сʱ첻𣿡
òһΣֻ뱧
ô㻹ҪӰ΢һü˵ûкúѧϰ
ĵػصôܣܿ
µɵɵ

类ë𿾣
***
գֵǣʼѲ˸ֲ
ٸĲ²һҲΪԲڹС⼸գཫʹ˸׳죬ȴӰҲûš
ôֻʣ¸ͻǵסûˡ
һָ崺ϣ̬ͦվڷǹǰ
ȵּѲ鷸ˣ·
˵ѲѲ飿𣿡ͷ̫಻ʾ ǹûʲôˣǽײݣǵ𣿡
㡪а崺׼Ӳϣȴһֹˡ
΢΢һЦλҲǷʥ֮ͷͨһ
̫࿴һҵĽƣŵɫԵȡ
ޣˣСһôţòҪѳʲô
Ц
Ƭ̺߳Ӣü΢壬ˣǺ⣿
¡񣬡ʥ֮Ѳɱ˳֡
ɫ䣺˿Ҵطˣֲܲڷǹ
Ѳѣ²ؽšֱЦ£и㡣
Ŀ΢üۣղò롪
˸ƣбŽӿţѵصɢѲ顣
վ򸧴࣬òʵˣ˳һµĽչ
˱˾ܣˡְܸ֪Ǹؿһۡ
ް״һЦʵǽգ˵һѲıǷǹ˵ɣ
ҡͷˡ
ײ¶ɫѵѲ飿
ȻǡʶҡͷǹŶһѲˡ
˲ץס˹ؼʣ׷ʵΪεһѲ鶫
ɱ˵ĹŮͳԡ
βȻֹ֪ʧԣѸٲˣְҪǰϲˡ
ۣ˺γԣ
ְţʥΪ·͵ء
ԣױ΢΢һ
մӺҵĹ׺ĸһͬסڻʹ̫֮⣬ʮĻӾͻᱻŵؾͷֻмĻӿʢ
ӣಡʢס̫ӴȻһֱסڶ󣬱ˡ
ǰʮ꣬۳ٳûֵطôʣµļڻʹ
һǾͷ˺ûлʵ۵ټ㲻뿪ԼķءҲζţӷͱӪõĳʧȥʴʸ
ڷϷչԼһ·ʢҲƱҪ߱λ
Ȼϲһ˿ϲɫʵ˴˻棿ʵȷ׿˵ˣ
⡭һ¡
ף˵˵޷Ҷ
ѹɤصڸθܴʥģ˵ȴһֱסڹвǰأơ
ǿ˳ǣԭˡ
ְҲģһʱ˵©죬¹Ҿʥ⣬һʱ֪ͨ¡
̶仰֮ڣ¹ϷЦݣ˷ģ½վ͵û
΢һס
ʱԵ߳ˣûѲ鵽ˡ
ȻģǹôѲطأֵǳ˰ɡ
ǣˡתߺȵ
뻮һسǹ
ٶȹ֣Ϳվ͵£ձְٵţԸ
Ц˿ˣ߲͡
Ŀǵ˷ִԼıӰ뿪׵ıٿȻתΪ
첽еߣ̤ʱһĸ
ˣڹϼ£ԹŴȵŮ
ˡڰһ裬ɫɺѿ
ôˣ˶һۣڵǸ˶ڻǰͷʢͬʱƹŽͱ˾ȴƲһİ
ףˣĸ𣿡
ǵĵˣȻֵݸһЦζ£ǴԸ
еĲյʾŮ£ŵ˵©죬ڸǰԣʾ콫ء
ʲôɲסˣƥ򣡡
ﲻסҪˡ׽յطϣĸô꣬ѵֻΪһСС𣿡
ߵ뽫ϳȥΣ
ЦһֶҶ֮ǰҲȲɾԼƨɡ
ϲѵҶץס̫ӵİѱ
ûץסİѱҪޱȻץסˣ취֤ݣʵɱڵͷ
***
ǹı֮ʱȥ˳ֹ
һڵſڣŵС̫ſھͺӣ
󵨣еͺһС̫࣬ʲô
С̫Ķ̣ŵýͰ͵ūū澲ҡ
ˣǧߵĶŻ˰Цһ䣬ǸС̫Χ
һڨڨصǣˡ
΢̧ʾ˽ȥѰɣذ£˼ɡ
Ȼһ̣õϢô̤š
ȡʶȴڴЦЦʱ˲ָ˿ڣˡ
ƺǾƺʣֽһ֪˴ݹ٣Ϊ£
ʥ֮Ѳ鷸ˡĽƣչʾߵ£и㣿
ŷ崺վݵĴ磬溬Цʹȴһ˸
һμΪͷִйʱ״̬Ϥģȴ˽Ȼͬ
ô˵أ뵱ڡ
ðһ£
ĥĥŻ٣ƵǱ£أ
Цݲ䣬ЦⲢδ΢΢̵һ۵סɤȴĪЮһɷɱߵ£ɾͲҪֽˡ
䣬վŽˢˢس崺
лҪ˵
С̣ڡðplay
СͽݼԽԽˣҪϡ
ǿ˫۸Ƿ



33 ߳
һŨҵζ, սţһ
վʯ, ĿƵڵǰ򸧴ˡ
ԼվڸߴƯ΢̧̺ĴϺһĨЦ⣬̬ƽ·⳾Ҫĵزڽŵ¡
һ̣Ȼһ͸Ǹ߸ϵģվںδ޸ϵ
ԭʼգ
תۼ䣬߻ӵĿЦݣ漴˸롱, еЦ, ˵, ܲأ
ֹĹǣвԼͬһ
, ̧, ָڰУһĻߡ
, 崺, ڿǧָӿš
վԭ, ۵׿Ӫİнȥ, , ߵ¹˹ָ
˵, γ˿ڹ䡣ԥʯ, ͣǰ
Цûŵɣ
ûСʵҡҡͷŬԼ¶顣
Ǿͺá΢һͣ٣Ϸݵòţ˻汻㻣סˡ
ǸĿ˵Сģɢųţ»ơ
򱡴麦ߵСصء
ʧ̬
ͦõġĵָߵʣʦͽ˲ϵϢһ磬ܴʹˡ
˶٣ɤѹüͣգʲô
Ȼǲ鲻ģûôɵͣڵڣʱעⲻҪѲǸӡ
΢΢ü
˻ˡֱӴСͽܵĻǰΣ
йֻصˣδκο֮ˡ
µĹп֮ˣʱ߻Ƶؿ˽ڣǧ鹻𣿡
Уߵ£ְֻǷּ
ߡһ䣬̵ΪҲ֪ǲ۸²𣿡
һֱֱƢ꣬Բ㼱ˣһ˺üۣȥصְҡ
ߵ¼ȡֵĻᣬˣֵǶ˰ɡ
Ƭ̣ٶװжӡ
Ŀתض򸧴ˣˣȱȲ𣿡
ְй΢һףٵţߵ
ȻˣǾ߲ˡЦЦ»أһúдˡ
ΪףƺƵس˳ֹ
س·ϣ̲סԼҴ˴򱧲ƽˣߵ¶̬ôôҲ̵üꡣ
һЦĶ
һҲʦص߷ߣһܳ߻ӣΪԼ
Ųһ٣С
ֹסͷЩԣкηԸ
ߵٲܳ裬ҲǻӣʥϵĶӡ䣬ֲЩӵѵ𣿡
˲䱳һæ˽ѵǡ
򸧴Цӯӯ˭һºģ˶֪λԶ˵
һʱգ˵ӰٻΪǧȴһ㳤ҲûСĪ⣬˹ʵǲǾã磬˭طˣ
С˲ңϥأеһжǴ˸ģ򲻸ң
黢ĪΡսԴҡڵؽѲ飬̵ǻʶ˽𣿡
Ϧ£жǰһ㺹ȴȥˡ
׾ͺáתǰߣա
˲Ӽ嶯ʤֵߣԼĹҲûôơֻҪúõһʱգΪá
***
巵ڡ
۰ϣԪ齱ߣҩһһڵιš
ȿȡۺ˼ڣֵ޲ˡ
ϡԪҩ룬ָŽʥϵĴǣϸȰҩڣտҪֺҩ
ãɫѺࣿ۷סԪһڣЦҪӡ
Ԫ뵽Լĺӣʱ΢΢һֺܿκɫȭᴷʥϵţߵϡ
ЦƬ̣չƿӣϣˡ
ۣ
Ԫµиˡ
ظˣްɡסֲ£ʾ谮
̤ڵ밲ϣ
˰ۿڴͷ˳һʲôչ
ػϵĻ΢մѲ˸Ĺ񡣡
ʲôѵǼ澻ܷ˲ɣü㵱ʱôӦ޵Ŀȿȿȡ
Ϣŭɫ糣սѲ޹Ļһɾ衣
˼ǣ
ûֻһС΢΢һЦձ˾ųϢҵһĿȫǵŮʬ߳
ɫԻʵʧľڿüĿ
⡭ʶһԪ
ۣ䵫˵޷
˵ʧİ˳Ϊӣ׼Գʸϣȴⲻ⡣ص΢ҹԱȷϴ˰붫йء
ȥǶ
Ͼ΢Ͻ顣һˣ΢飬ʥϿɴӶһλ鰸ࡣ
ʼӣ̫ܽ
˼˵е޻úÿǡ
ûԵķԸиˡ
ȵȡۿڽס޼ǵãʹʱڶס֮áΪ̫Ϊ˴Σ
üһʱûӦ
ֻ㻰ҳ˵ʵɡĿϣϲʵ
ʹصڶأţ̫ӵɼڲΪĻΪȺԿʵС
£ݣȻڹǰ˵̫ӵĲǡǡǡ෴Ҫ̫ĴΪһ̣
ο߷ܻ
Ȼźɫ粻þδ
ĵصȴʥһָʾ
ú󣬹ƣƵϸŵ㡣
Ӧǡ
س˻ֵ֣ҲȻعЪϢɡ
Ԫ˳񣬡檸ˡ
õԪС
Ҳ˳巵ʱջ
ſڵչӦ˴ʱʾ⣬չЦݡ
ǴĳղĬ
***
ĺɫãſѹ𹬵ƣԪվڲԶƸõıӰĪԳּɪ֮⡣
ĬؿƬ̡
λԪǵӼƵĶŮʣг֮ò黭ͨĴҹ㡣
ԭһλ÷ɾȴһιᣬۿˣò빬Ϊ
Ǽϲģܸߵλ֣ΪԪֻԪǡԪ䡱֮⣬ָһȢĵޡ
Թĳ谮һ˫нԭһӾͱʺˣһ̫ӵûж֣ǸעԵ޷֡
˼ǧǰԪתӯӯԴ׹Ķ£ָ⣬һ
Ԫع񣬹
ˣɷһ˵ԪɫǴ˲㣬Ҳǿ
л΢Ҳ÷㡣
ԪڴЦˣɡ
С̫ǰƵƣŮԶԶں棬Ԫڳ˵Ŀռ䡣
ϰϰȽȥԪĲ󷽣졣
һ·ԪʵǱûǴL֮ʱһ˾ֲģ
ȷ΢졣
Ǽӣ˾Աıý᰸𣿡Ԫʵ
ˡ
Ԫͣ½ŲľĿת򸧴ˣһֱ棬Թ޳ΪҪı
Ҳͣһһ۵ػصĻ׽÷ʱηɱδԵɡ
Ԫע϶Уһб֪Ĺ
һʱĬ
Ԫ׷ʵǻʺ𣿡
һ£΢΢ҡͷϡ
ǱǡԪüͷԼĲ²ԽԽ
ʵ˶֣ۡǸ˰ѽᣬʥϳĳԵɣ˾׷顣Ļ΢˵
ɫˮԪƬ̣¶һԴԳĿЦˣлʵ档
ڰ˳䡣οСӻеġ
𣿡Ԫϵı飬ǰߣʥ״˻𣿡
ŹѰ˵õˣʥһʵغܿͻȰﲻعġ
ԪЦһζԸ˰ɡ
ʹϿҵ˵һ治ĻΪԼˡ
Ԫ֮ҪΪԼأ
ɫﻹЩعЪϢɫػصշﲻؼһʱ
Ԫã˵ġ
̸ݸһ䣬վԭأĿԪȥ
ڹۣԪҲ޶ٸ飬Ǹ̥еĺӣȴһֱͻ۶ԶǰȻ̬ͬȣеĺ
ĿǰԪǹ׽֮ˡ
κתٿȻԼ֪С
·
Դ˽ÿÿִй˴·㲻ٷļ·ߣרעڻԪĻȫûעǴĸߵġ
˹ǵһУѵøֳһ˿ã
֮ʣϴһϤɤˣ
лҪ˵
ǧߵһҲʦص
Сôʦصģܸ㿴𣬰
򻤶ߡ
Ҫǣæļ죬ʼٺ



34 »
ת, ӳһӰͿкٸ
, վǣͣ½Ųɫ
Ը˵ԼҲŻȥ·ˣٵػصʲʥϣ׼ȥء
ɨһȦɻⲢǻ¸ķ򡣡

ô£ٸΪαϤ¸·
һĶãС߲·ǰߣôˣٸҪȥʥ𣿡
Ц˲µòĳӦʥټʥ
ǸպһҺȻж巵ˡ˳ٸ롣
˲䷹, ·
ɫ, ͦ˲С
ŽѲ˸, ʲôµ֤ݣ迪ڴƳĬ
δ̾һ, ǵ, ʥϴΪȥ, ǡ
밸ѹ, вһֱϽ, ʱ, ʧĿҲԽԽ
ֲܽصʵ, ǳܰ쵽費ط, , ˽յѲ飬©һ
ü΢Īٸָǡٹ
ص֮һҽ벻ĵط
˼䲻ʵٸ˳һȷʵ붫޹أ
Ųһ٣صĳ
ٸûɤƮƮģٸҲڹأ
תĿⲻԶ
̫ӵ˼أЩ£ٸҲδ̾һʵȰҹʥ£ٸС
ԣ΢䡣
ڡɤﺬһ˿ټĻãĳ𣿡
ĬƬΣص͵ǰɡ
ǳԭԮ֣ǵϧŻ״ԪֻлĻ֮ϣٸһЩǣ
ٸܳΪСͽܵİ֣ٺòˡϾҪ뿪ģӺｭɽʵһСͽҪͲŵĸԽԽá
ʱ巵ѽǰ蹰Ҿĳѡ񣬽ҹ˵飬ĳˡ
ֻ񣺡ٸˡ
ǰգ˵ĻҲʵġЦһϿҵϣˣҲ濼ĳ顣
Ūٸģһ濼ǡ
΢һͷ̤ףת뿪ɳѵˣµĶûһ
Ӱһ
һڶѣٸôأ
***
ԭƻձ˾ųϢ԰ĺɽɽУҵһŮʬ
ȣŮʬѱ߳Ͽʳ˴룬沿Ϊأһʱѱϳǲɱ˳Ů
飬ٴݽͬ
ǣ򸧴ֻ취ʱŮʬַųֻҪ֤ʵŮʬʵݣ͡
˵ʬ˳󣬶ĵ൨ˮ˳
һգڲ鿴һڰ˵йŮҪʬ塣
Ŷ¾ڣһ˿Ȥ
ˡһԳŮ򸧴ʰ
ʵ˵ܱϳʬݣ÷ʲôϵ
Ůصش˵Ļ÷սʱūͬסһ·
Ҳ˵ˣŮʬءⲽϳʲô
֪ūм÷ӣĴڲһͼŮ׳ŵ̧ͷֻҪǸطδƻū澱ܱϳ
΢΢üʲôͼɻó
ŮɵӦáǿܻԭ֡
ȡֽʣǹŮͼ
Ƭ̺󣬹Ůץػˣȡֽ˫ֵݸ򸧴ˡ
֣չϸֽϵͼһΪ̫ͼڡ
ãֻֽܽպãڵŮʬϵƤ类ɹˣ㲻ȥˡ
ǹŮʱ¶ʧ֮ɫ
㻹ṩһмֵ֣ʾ͡
лʹͣһ壬Ůͷл͡
˴ߺóͼоƬ̣ʵûʲôͷС
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ɫػص֮Σ
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֪˫һۣЦҲƺ飬һֱӹƵʧǣ·ĸԸס
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ˡȻʲôƵģɴֱ㡪
ԽԽһûסͷؽȥͨһǰ
˫ʶһѳס°ڡ
ǣһļرƵı±Ӳˡ

Сߣһ߰ɤ޵дô֦ϢС
°Ѹײڶ֮ݶƿȴõվڴǰߵǰв֪ץƬƮݵĲϡ
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ǰȻѳⷶΧ
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ȻûΣʱߵ¾Σա
С̣ª桶Ұ˺.mp4
ˣҹ
ӰൽŵŻؼң̱ء



35 ݲع
ļ, СսĴָ
̶̼˲, Ժаתǧأӵе鲼ȥһѱסȣǿصǸԲĲǹġ
۽޵ʹ΢ĵظżصĺ
ķϸͷŵģΪָ֪ͬҲ⡣
˺һζһϴķҪһʵɼ¼ϱ浵
վͦ꣬˿һСŹԼű, СرԼĴ, °С, ֿ
㡪һѹðĻ, źúõ, ΪʲôͻȻ˵ϣ
ҡգգ۾Ҿһʱû, Ҳǹ
Ȼ˵, ʵԼһʱ, ɫƻ, ս㡭
һָ, ᲻صصĶͷ, ûʲôأö˶˶ƽˤ
, ţЧڵϣԸµһ·ģ
Ჹ·ЦԴٳ·ллˣ
ǡһתǷҲûˣ
һһֱȣʲôӣ
ҲҲս˸첲ôȫףȴ⴫һ졣
ؿ򴰱ߣʹľİۣɫȻһ䡣
ͬʱҲְվڴǰֻºˣߵôģƼˡ
̫ͣһͷײϴء
Ц
ʲôסΣڵغٿҾͰӸ
ԣüСߣĶѧЩݻ
ɫһ٣⣬ϲЩѪȲ̵Ļˡ
ȻӸ㲻ʲô̡
ϣ۾̧ۡס۾ۣͼתע
Ȼϵɫŵشǰȥҿò۾˰ɣ
֪һۡ˻˻۾ʱ崰˸ơ

ƲȻǽ̫ҽɡǵ۾ⲻС¡
̫ҽͲˣҴһɡβεСǰ˴գһͲˡ

֣һѽСͽƵڴϡ
˳ɵϣ˿װһ۵ı飬ʲô
㡣ƤЦⲻЦ㣬ĵ˭ѧģ
װֳܿϰɫػص䳡һλʦ̵ġ
סСͽܵǰأԣֻ׼ˡ
˫ںһ¶һ顣
ţʩߴСͽܱ̬𣿡
ƬκӦУá
ʱȴӦν̫ˣЩжǳԱҪɡ
ףջƣֱˣȥɣ׼ЪϢˡ
ʱһԾ𣬡ҲżûأҲȥ
㻹һ˯ϵ鲼ʾһ߳ȥѾܸˡ
һ壬ƲȥһΪѾȥˡ
ֽ̧⿪⣬дСͽܽõķӵϡ
ⲻ֪ٿȻ˷Ŀһ˲˲ضıӰ΢΢͹ĺǣӯӯһյϸ̵ֳͣͦϡ
ʧ룬ߣһձһոԸÿ
㻹˼˵أתû֮ǰ뿪
ǰˣסĸ첲ҡҡλΣ
ڴǰء
ɿ֣һȦŷԼƭˣյغ
֪ѽõİôˣҪһ˯߲ߣ
ȴ֪뵽ʲôƤٿһ±졣
ӣǧСͽ죬һȴ⴫ڻµͨ
ϵЦ⣬ɤصš
ⶼʲôʱˣʲôüֲˡ
ӦҪ¡Լȡһϼ򣬡ԹԴţ׼һ¶ڶˡ
ϾǰգǲŵſǧһϷ
ת鲻ԸӦ֪ˡ
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жڰԣһ򸧴˵Ӱӭȥˡ
ɣض񡣡λʲôüĿ
еͷ¸մѦϣͼȷġ
ŶʱȤϸ˵˵
лصѦԣͼһص̫ͼڣһλϼƵͼڡ
˫΢ҲǹŮǹںδ
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ˣ㰲ţ㰲ţ򸧴ɫ΢죬е߳ŭζǿܰţݾߡ
еͷЦǣˡ
ˣһ¡İõزʹҽմķִйʱС˺ˣҵǼϱһ
ǣˡж˶٣׷ʵˣǷʲôΣգΪλᱻ˺ã
ûСϣǷ̫ˡ
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׼ʱڵȻһ졣
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ȻڵһƬϢ
ңù˲Ͽǧû뿪ˣһƿţѰ
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ѹ˵ķ˺ˣصĲǹһֻƻСҰè
лҪ˵
СߣèȫҶèҰ
СֱǣҲǱ߼Ӱأ



36 ˽̽㷻
ǧ͸˵˷ܺͼ, ظһ飺ԭˣ
ս΢΢Ƶǧ, ֪ʲôˣ
ݲؽҶģ¶һҺܶЦݣһص˷ģͺʵģ
ʲôݲؽ̲סüʲôʱ򡪡
Ȼֹŵָڵţʵݣؽ
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ʱ˫ۣܵ׷ʵôģ
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ĬȻðκ󣬲صˣ
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и̣Ǻл᣿ûлᡣ
ջѵǸˣ治ҪҴˡ
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СסֳŮǳǳһЦҳէɷΪҽһ
СӳūҹɡŤˮ߹޵شӼϣܹԣҪСӣĿʲôˣ
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λӣҷƣһλｫմ۵ӵϣ˿ūҲҪӣūֻ͹Ӵһȣ

лҪ˵
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ӣǣѰֵģɲŮƱġ
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ڷż˱ǣС߾ٸұݸ[ͷ]



37 ֻ
һ㷻, Ǿͺñɮ˿ɽٻ, һ·߹ȥһ۵ĹҪӵЦ䡣
˵㷻ʢķ³¥ʼ¥ǮѰֵĵطĶʹһѾ֮ˣȷǷëǡ
Ӿ鲻㣬ίʵмܲסƻĹǣ֮£ֻĿеǰ
ӣǧ֪Լ˵ƣһãȻŤͷѯʡ
, ġ, һִֻ, סi
˶¥һ·, ͣһµ᷿ǰ
ūҾס, 롣۲תӽš
áһƵ̤ż
׼һȥ, ȴס, λү, Ͳظȥ˰ɣ
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ϴλҹһֱֻǴҵġŷѡƣһŵϺš
δػһѽŹˣүⰡ
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ԣЦ΢΢һƵֵūҾڹ࣬ӻ˼Ĺ
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תص֪޲ԣ޲
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᷿ڣһյǳã˸Ŀǧһվ
磬ԭ㷻Ķڵò˫ȫٹĽʱ䳤ˣ˴⣬ƵƵ߼Ҫǿи
лȻԭ簡ڹ
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̾һΪȥˣȴ绯÷˱˾ͨɱҪ
¥Ůӣ㱻Ҳ֮ѽңӼȻ˴󷽣Ҳ̫ίܹ㷻õöࡣ̧ӣ͸һɵǣɽգȴĻˣѵʲô£
ܶʵλӣÿɻӴ
⡭ɫ
̧֣ʾĿǧ
л⣬ִӻͳһϡ
ģձ£ţе֪ҡȣ뿪㷻Ҳֱ˵
ҧҧصÿȥ
󣿡΢һףСף˵λ𣿡
УȻλ㷻ͷƻ֮һ
λ￰ʢˣ١塢顢ʫġܣʫ黭һɧΪʫ
ү˵ûĶǾĴֿһۣұΪҲճӿ͡
ȱ棬
ٴܴùλ̫ӵ
̽ص˽˵ĺüٶĳ͡
˻һ׷ʵλҪβܼ
ˡϣӵһ㷻Ŷš
ȣƵô
***
ԼĪһĹ󣬶¥϶һλ湫ӡ
ֵ㷻Ͽ͵ʱŵĿ½½һ¥Ͷ¥
λӣһλ۵߹ǵһ㷻
ջĿ⣬ؿˣЦصˡ
ֱضʢ𣿰˵ʢй̷ĳӦ᲻ʶ
̷ޣµȷʢáֵ򡣡
ԭӣ̷ˬһЦӽˣǳλģ
һ˼ص̷֣ǳġ
һ̷üżɲ͡
ĳĽѾáҡȣ̷зӣĳһ﷼ݣĳԵм
̷˼һСˣС˶ϵ˵仰
ԵڴΪֱһԡ̷Ц벻ɣΪֿɲҴƱ
̷ǸˬˡЦ۳벻ɣĳ̷ֵˡ
һЦ̷㲻΢΢ʧ񣬶˫΢һŲۡ
жֳԵĿѾֲˣһ˵İȫһ߷ȥ̨µıݡ
㷻ÿйգǿһݣҲҪʮ̨Ĺ裬ʦ˿ΧȺ
ȴĲɵغŲ裬һûһĺͶʶ̷졣
һУڿǧϷԸһ䡣
е¥ȥҵ̨һฺ͵ĲŮ
Ƭ̺ǲŮ¥ӣһٽ𣡡
Ȼп˽²̽λµĹӸ硣
㷻ñһֱ䣬ǱݲʱܹڵĴͣǴ㹻Ů˹лߡ
һݽİһõһЩı꣬类ǵ᷿ȲƣڹҹļǮˡ
һ䶯㷻ָֽƽ
ӣ㲻ǳ𣿡̷Щ⣬ΪΡ
Ӱ졣صСǮǶԽݵĹʾһذɡ
˵ʵ⼸СڹµĽ鱦Ѱ˼ҼӶòꡣǮǧգһʱóʱ͵ó֡
̷˱䣬̽ʵӣĿǰ߾ͣ
һٵػصеСǮˡ
˵䣬һԼŮ𣺡ϣλӰɣ
̧ۣһλŨױ޷ٵŮӳ
ױŨޣԾڲסŮϵϸƣЦؿӣڿһ׵Ĵ㡣
㷻ϰ
Ӻϰӭ̨µ裬ӿÿɻ⣿
һɡ£ȣĵĽһۣ
ϰЦһܿЦеҲ۹֮ˣȻ㷻ʢ⣬϶ֹˡ
һۣ˻
ϰ֣ӣϸأ
ʮλ¥
ЩﻷݣǧųȻһӦȫۻҡ
΢΢ӵס˫ʵ⵱𣿡
ϸ˺üۣȻӣҲûѽ

Ӧǲڣͷƻͷ¶棿
ӣҹпյĹǶˣƿϲģϰڵŰԼĹתһȦ㷻Ĺʮ˰ֻͨ벻ģû㷻ṩ˵ġ
ǰװģضŹǣȴһĻôѡأ
һУվϵĹŲһᣬ˲ܿƵ˴ȥ
˲ߣֱˤȥ룬ۼֿһѽסСģ
ϰȴǹȴôλĹ뷿ϥ̸
Цһ£δ˵Լ󣬺һΪԹɤ
˲ʶɿ˫֣һɬĹ⧲ڵء
ͬʱһȵغߡߵ
ԭ˵ġվڶ¥ڴİķףһһٵ㷻

лҪ˵
ӣСߣƱ磡
С̣ҲƭҵС飡Ҫݺˣ
㷻ҷְ
ȵȣ޳û



38 ץ
ʲôѱ𴩸ε, һ¥Сͽܵץ......
һգ۵Ĺʼ˼, ֱӴӶ¥һԾ£ܲܽǰ⼫
ϣλСүҲȷӦ㷻ϰЦһģ
ٲȻ㷻ĳ͡
תŵϰȴȥɣҺλСү˵仰
ϰɻ......ЩӶ𣿡
ȥڲҪ, 𣿡
ϰſ, ׼ǳ, λСүڵ߰ñүҲúһ
, һŻ̵Ĺ, ǰ΢, ֺ, ôܲأ
......
СүЦ, ˭Ƴüۼ֮, һѰֵ˼
һΧ۵̷ʵ, λǣ
̷ܵ, һ¡
̷֣Ƴ˶Էһ, ҪЦЦһˣþͶһλ׵ֵܣ
̷㶣漴һЦ̷ĳƼˮ꣬һʡ
һʣ´Ŀдλεļ֣Ҳ䣿
СߡۼԽԽԣ΢΢ɤ񡣡
ɫĴҲϣڳһѡļơ
ǧɫɲŵ˺ߵشת......
ûսֻͣһ񣬱תСͽܣ㿴λˣ
Ʊصһλ徻̸¡
ص塣
ϣǿ߽ЩλүЩϰĵˣæŽйǰߡ
λү޳࿡һڹǿ̫˵ЦҲ˫Ưķ
ܿ죬һŮӴŵǰӯӯ񣺡үū𰡣
Ƥ΢̧̫ݡ
ɫһȥ
һŮǰʵūҰ飬үϲ𣿡
Ӣͦü壬Цһ£θڡ
......
ۼŹһһԱүһ仰˻ȥ˸ϰϵЦݽҲסˡ
һ˦ӣλСү㷻Ĺﶥǲò˫һûүۣ²ӵİɣ
޶Եò˫ˡ
δϰٻػȥˣֹСߣˡ
ƿŨܵ۽ޣԽɤԵĶɷֵ֣طΪЩɫ
Сߡһ΢΢ѹ£üﺬ棬ʿɶֹ
һƬĬƬ̣ش۽ޡ
Ƿס
ץסʱһסСͽܵ󣬡ߡ
ϰֹ˹Ҫˣ
ߡͷҲصȥĹ
ǧæ󲽸ϣֻһͷˮ̷ãĿԲԾ׷ȥӣֱƮƮ½Ҳˡ
***
ڴ齱ϸ⴫һŲͷһš
ѸٽͷһٽϣָܻԭӦˣ
һţֻȥﻹһİĿꡣ
ӣūҵĺˣ˸޵鷢ۡ
ٿȻúڳ˭
˵Сͽܷ쭵Ļᣬƿžߡ
̤żüݺײһŲ
ѽһֵδɣģӢΪβϧأ
̣˵ɡжعϷţѹѵ
λߵ¿ɲǺǵġ
õúܡᣬڣӱǿꡱֵطѰֱ˵ǣοƭ˵ȥ㷻鰸
˵˿һֻˣǣŵֵֻ᲻
Ķƭˣɿ֣Լؽ͵ԵһѾ֮
һ˫ʪĪίôԡ
˵òãε̾һĵغСͽܡ
ԣһϣջĹĵġ
ͬʱźһ棬̲סʿУλСүʲôϵ
пһ£ǡʦͽϵ
ʵҲȷֻķԷԭǶ̫ӵİߵµ̽ʦͽ˹ϵʵ
һΣߵ¶ȷʵ㲻𾴡
ʦͽüĿشλСүȻЦʦͽСүһ˴̳ӵģǵ㷻׽ˡ
һʱûסɤ׽飿
̶֣Ŀȥ
һ˲䣬·䵶ӣлڵƲ񣬼װղ˵ĲԼ
˼ռһ᷿ǸЦЦСףҲȥŰɡ
һתЦӣɾͲˣжͽ˹ķţϳȥģ⴫ȥĶѽ
ֽ̹ĿתϣĮȻúڿһˡ
ô˵أһСͽܵĺףֶ仰Ĺ򣬻и㡣
ðɡӣʼ磬ǾͿӵϰɡ
˳ȥʱ
ô¡΢֯һԣŮ㷻Ĺȷ˲鰸ֻǲ㱻㷻¥һ¡
˱죬ұƭң
ȡһֻһССĻԣġ
ǡһίίضЩŮûʲô
˫֣Ͳָģֻ鰸ʲôҲ
齫Žɣ𷽲ſһĻߵǸŮӣ
֪һ˲䣬ɱ˵Ķˣ
ܼܲȰɣһյ裬ƸСͽܣ㻹˵أЩĻƽǶȥˣ
ӹӹ裬ͷһ󣬽յŻϣߺߵҹ¥ЩŮЦÿҾʲôˣ
СԾô󰡣Цã汳¥Ҳûʲô˵İ
˵öԣСͽôһ׽ڴļأ
ȥ˲ðɫһѵãѰʲô˵£
Ҳһĳ
ûӦ¹һ£ʯȻˡ
ڵķΧȻýӲΣգеڣֱղԼӦòһ䡣
˵ʲôһգԺһٿȻ
ǣֱͦͷϣһȡ
һǿдˡ
΢΢˵һ۽꣬˹رʵ㷻Ϊ˲鰸㱳¥ʲô
лҪ˵
̣ҹ¥ͷķҶˣȽ𡭡
һ仰getת¥ʲô
׽׽飿
ȸһ£ȡҸ㶨



39 Ҽ
⧲˫ǵһ۶ס, ܿƵ˰ģʱһƬհ, ҡ
ţú£򢣬˭ط˭ģ
عһֱ׳ػص͵͵ġ
˵ʲô̲סü͵͵ģ
ǰ¸ֱӣһҲ飬˵Ҫ鰸ΣգԾ͸˹

˭֪·ȴСĸˡЩգһʲô㷻, ֻ¥
ջ, ʵ, Ҫͨؿôģ
޹գգ۽, , ͳѽ
ʲôƣ
̵͡شӻͳһƣ֮ǰǿơ

һʼõǱʹ, Ϊָ֪ͬ, شһ鶨ƽ, ֮ǰĽƱˡ, Сͽܾ֪ؽ˳ȥ
շҹ, ѷЦ, ѵ, 㵨治ССߣŽƴҡڵس֪£ʲô
ûôࡣǿֻ뱣
ûûиأҪʲôģ
ʲô£ˡƵĿȻȥǰġ
ͷһʶ͵˼ֻǡֻǡ
ֻʲô̧ۣۿ׷ʵ
ֻطȷʵʺε㻹Сأ㷻Ĺɱ̫͸ĹŮ¶ˡ
ȴץס©˼ǣҳ˾ͿԹ¥ˣ
Ҳǡ
˵Ϊ˲鰸ЩŮӼֱҪˡһСôһΣʶûУ
Ҳûôšĵأû㷻Ĺŵɣ
ҡҡͷʵ鵽ʲôˣ
̾ˣ׼λ¶棬ͱˡ
ָĦ.űڣɫʵʲôϵ
棬ѹɤصݵõϢλӦʶλ
һ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ֻҪˣ֤
û뵽̫ƽװһ˾ӵģ˽ﾹȻϲ¥ȵüֻҪǱ𾴵ĸ֪ˣ϶ʧ
¶ûô򵥡棬£ҵ취һ档
ƲƲ죺ֻҪӣֵطŮӣʲôѼģ
ѽܶЩڳԡһͷ¥ŮӴıǲף׽ɲԼ
Ŷ˳شԴ֪͸ģ֪ˣ
΢һףڣ㷻ϰǮۿֻǮˡ
˵գſڣ򿪷š
ЦλĿүվֱӣӺСүˣ
ɡʾţֶԿǧԸȥϰֱʲôۣһյ衣
ӻû
Է֮ˣ΢΢һЦҹĲݡ
ɫ˼Ƭֹ̣ӣūҰɡ
Цڵ仰ˡ
***
һĽŲ߹հƵ˺Ժ
ԭ㷻ĺԺж죬Сˮɫ㣬ˮƮһǼ⴦㡣
źһΪѩСӳ
˴ľͣ½ŲūҾͲȥˣ롣
л
ʱѩ߳һСѾߣһơ
͵źѾ߶ưͣ˵
СͽܶһۣСѾһ̤ͬѩ
λӶȥˣҲæҪȥȴסүͱȥ˰ɣ
вΪΣ
ѵүҲĽЦӯӯʵ
ҵȻüˣҾŰɡ
ͶˡӲö㺹Ťϸվԭأ޵Ͽ
ʱʦͽѽڣֻһһŰ´¶һӰ
ʢð¡
ӿˡһ渶չɤùСŮӵĸ֡
СͽһСѾ߷ϲ󣬱㰲һԡ
һǧõʲôأִ黭ʫʸ踳ӿһ
̽λ㷻ͷƻżɽţ﷿ģյĴôʶһλĹӣ
Ƭ̣ίػؾӣѩĹأκ͸¶͵Ϣ
չȣƵҪĲҲˣۣ
Ȼ绨ѩ֮£ذɡɤ䵭С䣬Ϳ͡
Сͽһ
һ˲ӽſʼͳĬ꣬һͷƴҰǣѸײڶ֮ǰһֻ־׼ش͸סŮӵĲ
СѾ߷ӦȾҪܣͺȵĻվס
С䣡ͬʱ˿סŵѳš
СѾսսһ߶壬һ߷عš
˰ɴ¶һ˫ˮвңһ˿
ɫ䣬񾯸ؿһۣĲӣֽ⣬ʵ㡣
˫΢ҡӵСߣԴľɫˣ񣿡
üһ壬𣿡
ôǰ˹˹ĵˡ
ӾкĿģʾɫ򶨵ʵ
ȣλÿҹΪ£
üδø
סӵֻȴսˣвҼޡ
ܲǺȲ̸°ɣϵЦݽʧҼҵ˵жˣٻش𡣡
ӵȷѩĳ͡ڿڵңѰ֣鱨
鱨ģĲ²õ֤ʵ׷ʵʲô鱨
صЩԹ鱨
ˡǰСߣȷſɡ
ɿ֣Ѹٻص
ȿȡʱһϵȥ
屾ܿڴ˼άѸֽסСġ
ˮ͸ﻹݣӡ
ȡʱȴһҧгݵ
һѸٽϣתһѱס˻ըëСͽܡ
÷ӿǼ⣬ʱԭأۿɼٶȣҰǱȿ۵С
Ҳ㡣ḧݵļЦҪСʱ

лҪ˵
һҵСѽ
̣Ǻǣһ죬һᱧ[һֲ]
иæȡһ㣡



40 㴦
뿪㷻ǰ, ҪһԺɫɴסСͽܵ
鰸, ڹϣߵȴ
ǰһ˫ۣعӣӣѽ
Цô᲻ã
Ȼǰȥūһţҹúź......
˻ûͱǵɫӰײˣɤؾԶ㡣
һɴүɱ˿, ɴ˸, ڨڨЦ׵Сү
Сߡһ, ֵֹ֮, ﱣܡ, ǹҪ뿪˵أܿڡ
ǰǿտŵ, дһ, ˵㷻Щ, δ۵ĵز, ĳܷΧ֮ڡ
΢, Ƴү, ȴĿ, ȫûͣԼϡ
ӵĺ⣬ūˡһգۼ䣬ɫָ糣Цֻū㷻סˣıֶΣէһȥ»Ӧ
һ˼صҲգ⣬ĳյĳŵ
¶ϲ֮ɫӻ
ʲôҪ㷻εĿǧ׽ؼʣһ˸߲ңʱ򻹴𣿡

һۣЦүĪǣλҹأ
죬ֲ֨ˡ
΢һףԵԻټ
ڳΨһֻߴٵˣҪˡ
֪ˡСͽһ񣬡ء
һ˵͵¶¥ʱһƬǴ˹Ѱ֡
Ƭ̺˱㳩ͨس㷻
***
ع·ϣƿſڳߣ͸ҹ
Ӻҵ翪ţҹҲֵý
ôЦԺлᣬúùһҹС
𣿡ǰһʱŤ²׷ʵʲôʱ򣿡
......һ˼ص˳һ䶨
ػƬ̺͵˹ȥһΪ໣ɲƭˣ
Сͽ˸ţϰббؿЦƭһأɱץסСβˡ
ߣغһţȫ£ˣƭңһĺĵġ
ģĶӦе֤ƭˡ
Ҫƭأִ֣ŵʵҪƭô죿
ſڰ㴦á
𣿡ĽǶȣ껺𴽽ǣɰô𣿡
ֱ⻰е죬һʱδ˼ֻǿЦصôԣǧ
⼸Ľٲԭĺ󳾣ǻıǧУҡ
ʲôǧٿȻﵯ˳ͦü壬һſΪ࣬ҾͱԼǧҲֺ
ɫ̫棬һϴðɣ˵ˡ
ɫͶĻģؽɲٺ˵
šСͽܣ˼תؽղϡ
鱨̫ӵµΪǴ빬跨ǱȥϾǹ¥гŮӣ˵ֶܱŹ
Ϊα˳翴ϣɱ˳ηǱӣȴǸš
ͬʱ̫ӻе鱨˳вֹԱĸְѱԴҪЮЩԱﰵվӶΪ¡
ǹܲס°˵³³飬˼Сƣ֮ƮƮȻ֪ʲôܶ˵ȥˡ
ǷϸǣҪԶֹһƷϵĳҪкüλ
ǽ̫ӵһ򾡵ľѻᣬǣڶ࣬ѫ󱳺̸ڣǣһȫСĽȫ̲úòжܳһء
˼ţڻеȻ˶СԹѽ
ôʶ⧲̵ɪһ£ɾȵộ
̵֪ľѣֻ֫ٺӿһĪѸ˳ѪҺܣǿҪˡ
쳤˸첲ƿͨһͨ硣
쳣յͷͣԺ䣬˸ȥԾĥţͼ΢ĲϻĲʡ
ԽԽȡƻԴϾͿ졪
Ȼֹ
ʱֵʢģϴᱡ
һ˼άͣˡ
ȵȶƺܴ͸ĵȡҺܡ
Ȼ񣬷·һӱˮ̵ˣæҵƿꡣ
ȫûƵȥֲȵˤڳ¡
ءһ죬ҡһ£ǰרԦĿǧһսʵˣ˺£
˸òߵ·֫ͻ˰ɣȻʦͽ˿һźܾðﲨӿ
ްڴ˵Ļӿų̣ع
Ǩֹ˵òӣֻޣǣˣ
ڣˤ³κ󣬾͵лһؽţ
侲˼һ£Լе㷴Ӧˡ
ͬΪӣⲻ巴ӦǣСͽܺö˶˵ôͻȻ
ѵԺһ׹ſʼ˺½̲꣬סһ䡣
Ȼ㷻ĹﲻһڲҲȵġ
ɸеøСͽܵǱȣºСͽܡ
ϥߣֵĶͷͼܼ尾СͽܣԣϾͻعˣ̰
ҩЧգʲôҲˣһסֻ֣ڲεձʹĥţ
֪˭еҩӦûôҰοּСͽܣûµģء
ȷڹŴ伮мؼأʲôǦ˼֮࣬һЩƫЩ¼ټ٣жЧ
ǲ֪СͽܽպȵĲˮ׷ʲôɷֵĶ
ɳ۶ܿ͵˻ʳſڡ
ʱŴأǧƣʳǵĽԼҪ̽ڵˡ
󵨣иǳ˵·Ҳ
صнϣְֻǷ£½⡣
ͼСͽܣСһʹ˳̵ľǲ֡
ֻСͽܱ֣С̧ſȥŤƿһǣĿɨ𣿡
ˣæһָ̧ӵţУ
һݳﳤȥ
ܿ죬ͣڶ⣬һԾ£ˣߵ£ſˡ
ֻͣٹٰɣڴͣл˽ν
źߺСͽܣͷ۵Ҫ¸ֹ൱һ·СͽôŪȥ
Уߵ¿ҩ֮£ֻʵ̹ף㽫سֹɡ
оȵصɴ˫ۣߵʲôҩ
ȱʲôҩͻȥ˵ƿһ·Сĵ㣬ܿѲߵĽ
ô˵Сͽܽ͵ܳȥģһ²һ¡
һ紵ߣڵϵƺһźͨͨķίòУҪȥ
ĶҲȥȽͻسֹ
ʵҪЩ֮Ըϣ˷˾ţ֮ڽسֹ
һţֵС̫æӭǰӣߵôˣ
ȱʡؽҵ·ȥ
ߵڿţҪҪҪ

һµزŶǰĺȫ㲻ǰʲô
ʦͽʵĲΪߵ˶͸˸Ƶģ
ֻͣٽǧȻȥɣϸ˵
˵գͰŽСͽŪ޵
ڶһ۵óһȺϺŵ÷Ũң˵ҩЧȵյ衣
΢أڵ׳Ⱦˣ齱ߣ׼ʱʵ˫һһ𵹽
һ̴ٵľУһͷԽҵĻУʪȵ˫ƫʵĺᡣ

лҪ˵
УҶˣݼã
̣ҩˣװģ
ߵȣСռСͽܱô죿
Ϧֱǣһǰɣ岻壿µһۣ



41 ѧϰ
һ, ϰ˱־룬, Сͽճ䱧ҲδйʲôܽӴ
ƣȻѳӦ䷶ΧһʱľſСͽܽʵϡ
µ꣬һ͵ƺߣ......
˫ںϣ˵ʱͷ΢΢𶯣ҲǱˡ
ʶſ촽ʪŴϢĺᣬ޳Ĳø, һ......
գգ۽, Ȼ, ˫ֳס齾ȴ⧲һֻưȥ
......Խɤõͳ΢, һ˿ĪΣյζ, ............
һ¡Сè䱻ס˲ϸĺ󾱱̵οס, Ծ, С, ȷſ, 취
βΡΡƮɢȵĿ, ̵, Ȼ......
Сߣʯһ˲, 漴߳ŭʹסԼꡣ
·ҩСͽܴȾˣiһƬ죬ϢȵСߣ㵨ӷǰɣ
Ҷ......
ֵĶֱĿ𳤣
......ɴϵ־壬ѹܲѵ⣬һ˺ϵһֱܵ......Ⱦ......
³һԼСͽҩǲѵģҪƽϲҪƽ......
£취ָƽһʱԺкϵͳ007
õĽȻȥ̫ҽһͲȥ鷳
ϵͳʲôˣ
ǸҲһ£ƴĶô⣿
ϵͳ......
ġ
ϵͳ˭ҩ
ң˭
ϵͳѷǾɢҩЧ
˵׵㡣
ϵͳ***************
......
һεؿϷСͽܣѵҪҸŮСͽܻҩЧ
УǶǸŮǶСͽܶܲءңСͽĳΣôҲѵ״̬£Լϲһɣ
ˣѹСͽܿ϶Թ
һ˼ʵûбĽ취ºһ㣬ô˵֡
ϵͳĬƬ̣ص£ιˮϡҩŨȣ˶ҩл
У԰ɡ˵ףڻ´һ˱ˮ
С̫දܿˮ߽ӡ
šһʪëڴ齱ߣǰٶ֣ͽӳȥû
ɵƺˣί......
һ㡣ϸϸñͷ߳ĺӣСͽܽ¡
ȻպͿСͽܼΪ̰һĨС׷Դ﷢ģĵ
Сӣ˹סŤ꣬ë飬תͷԸһԵС̫ࡣ
ǣӡСæյǰȥ
ϣСͽܿԼСĵι衣
ȵ̫һһ룬һϣһյ˻׷Ҫ
ûˣٸ㵹һӺ˭֪Сͽܾǰȥϵˮ
Ⱥ⣬ʪСˮƵƤһĵڹЦֶСߣ˹
Ҫ׷֣ܹ˵ĻڴһڣɻģҪˮҪҪ
˻һûСͽѹڱϡ
˺ðΣι˺ü裬ڰ
һŷԼһȺ죬ʪ͸ˡ
ѵⲻ֪ϵ꣬ƿ۽ޣкһĨЦ⡣
㷻ȵյȷʵ⣬Ϳһǿö࣬ǵ㶫ڽʧʧǡ
СߣиӦȻת𣿡
˲˫ۣװ˯ģ
ĵ̽ùˣǽ˿ţǾˡ
ֻǣĴиĲҲиۡ
***
գδü֤ϱۣһ乬ˮֳһսʬ塣
Ϣǰֳʬ
ⳡ𲻼˳ʱǳʬѶҲЩͨݹδëͷƤԼֳжһԼʮ˾Ůӡ
һʬȷŮʬȷڴбʬټ
ֳżз֣ŮӦڴס˼գƷһӦȫ˲ʳ
ⳡζΪθŮûӳ죿ǽ츲ѰҵĶŮ÷
ȣӳһսĳζסڱǣϸϸڷѰκһϸڡ
ʱڱ˾鰸飬˵Ҫṩ乬
̧
С̫źͷ񣬡ˡ
ڰǰʵĸģʲô֣
ش˵Ļū澼С׿ӣ﹬ġС׿ӻص
΢һüʵҪṩʲô
գū澾乬ʱ˶Ů񡣡С׿򶨣߼һʳУɫҴңһū澱ŵȥū澵ʱЩ֡
Ϊλᾭ乬
С׿׼ص乬ͬһūʱż·ƹ乬
΢˫ʵ¹شܶ˵ÿһָ𣿡
С׿ӿͷū˵ÿһ֣
Цһ㣬Ϊεһʱ뵽򱾴棿˭ڱģ
С׿ӱһӲͷƤص˽ū澣ֻūΨ乬ˮأҲ
ֱƵС׿ӳһ亹̧ȥ
ȥɡκ˻˻֣⣬˻ٴ㡣
С׿Ӷʱһǣˡ
С̫º󣬺һԵĿ̲סʵˣ¿ȷսʬ׾÷˰ɣ
Ĭ
֣սŮʬŮС̫࣬һָ򶫹֤ݶ̫ˡ
еɺۻһ𣬷һֿС
ˣûзӦֽһ£
ȥر˾ָ棬ֽŵĽƽӸǧǶʾƼɡ
Уǣˣ
ȻȴһϢ붫ʱηɱ
һ̫ӵʲôӦ
̫ӵ²ڶнƣˣλٸɫΪѿ
ηɱЦһηɱһ޶֤
Уʬ˻ر˾Ҫǰȥ̽𣿡
˰֣ؿˣ׼һ£Ҫȥʥϡ
ʱ巵⣬Ⱥ۵Ĵ١
չڵ߳ѵˣ̫ӵºߵҲͷء
չͷʾ⣬ֲɫʵʥټǣ
ߵʥ밲̫ӵӦ١չ࿪ӣɣˡ
Ұɻ󣬸һ̤ڣƼߵ¹ǰ̫ӵԶһЩ
μϡ밲ָλ񣬡̫ӵ£ߵ¡
ա۵Ϊ뵡֣Ҳˡ
Цǲϲ֣Ժ
᲻ϲ֣һȤԴ˽жʱδ˰ɣ
ԣ̧Ƴһˣ̲סü鿴ĮмĳĿȴʵʡ
ҹٴμǸİ˾һ
˽ԱȦڻҧǽ޳ĲϣҧƲٺݺҧס˷ĥУ򷢳èһֹ˵
Сͽܶһۣ²һ漴µŲ
ػϵĻæڹ񣬵ȷߵ¡һһ۵ػصߵʴӱѧɣѽ̲˵¸ࡣ
ǫˡЦЦؿڻصѧʶԨͨ񣬱ҪѧĶء
лҪ˵
ţ㻹ѧʲô
̣ܶడ˵ϵͳ˲֣
ֱǣ۷Сףαǻ귢ƣкˣ
üһж͵û˵



42 ſ
ڳ, ߻ⷬԹר˵¡
ߵ, ΢̿֡ɫ糣·ߵ»֮ǫػص
ˡƵģڵһ޵Ķӣһ޵ĵɽ۴ǰʲôССԹӽ󣬶һʹա
ɫ΢䣬˳شԴӦס
΢Ͻ̻塣
šص˵ͷʵ, , Ϊ°
˹һ, ֲĿ̫ӣʾ̫֮ӵйء
ۻ, Ŀɨ򹧹ڵڵĶ, ̫ӡ
ڡӦкηԸ
°ɡ̾һ, ض, ٺúһ롣
, ʡ巵ü˳۵˳ڵ, ǰ, Ŀ, ֮⡣
, س̫ӵ΢΢һЦ
۽ټ̫ӣ֮ôһ̫ء
Ҫϱݣֻǻù۸ŭɶ
ߣҲȻȥɡ۽תѵһºͣΪģŸʵ塣СĶӣ㼸߶ֵܼҪ׽Щ
޳ĶһľЩʡĵ£ϲСӣĹ˳֪ĸʵ塣
õģʡǸʺúЪϢ밲
ȥɡۻ˻֡
תſߣ·Աʱüײһ¡
ײᣬ˵ƣ˵ǡк
аСͽܵƤŹ۵治ҸСֻµ΢΢ƫ·
ײߵ±Ŀбӵ뿪巵ȫ޽
ʱֻʣ˺͹ۡ
˫΢գֳס࣬˵գ鵽ʲô
صıɱ˳СŮ÷ԭ磬㷻
㷻ٿȻ˫̻֮صŮӣ˭ģ
̲ס̣Ҳȥ㷻ô˼㷻Ĺأ
̹鸹̣ص˽⣬ǰʱգһλĹ
Ĺӣüͷ̫ӣ
Ƭ̣ʵ෽ȶ㷻֤ԣȷλĹӣȷ̫ӵ¡
䣬ڵһƬš
̧Ҳ֪۴˿̵ɫһѿ
شȴ׷ʡ
ȻƬ̺󣬵ǵ̫¥ļӽΪ
΢֪ҡҡͷ¡Ҫ̫ӵ±ˡ
ۣأ鵽ʲô
˴ˮ淢һսŮʬ
˴ĸסĵطѹǵôö˶˵ôˮ
һ乬Уÿһ֣˾ʬȷŮʬһλԼʮ˾Ůӣ÷һһӦ
ԣǰõ˼ǣǼ澾ôˣ
̧㱨﹬С̫˵ռŶŮȥ乬ǰ׽ʻ˭֪ȥһηԾ
һڣ۱һѷ˴ͷϵĲյƣ
žһյɴƬſڵչæСܽϣ
ηԾηԾմŭۺشŴˣ޻ûϣ޻ûϹ޵Ƥӵ£˺Ϊ
ϢŭϢŭҪչæǰתͷˣ˺£
˳һµĽչ¶ɫչȰϣҪ
ȿȿȡۿڴͷȵһضɽҡ㡢ȿȿȡ
ϣ΢ڡüĽͼοʥģ˰ȱҪһҲɸǹ׶ۡ
ۿڴͷչϵҩ裬һ˺üڲ裬Žָƽ
޶֤ۻ˱˾䲻ܽ˿˵𣿡
΢ܣÿһжһģĻˡγ참֮
㡪ۿĪؼ֤ô죿
÷޶֤Ŀǰ֤֤һ֤ݽָ˶ΨȱصҪǾʧٵذڣǷڶ
ۺأðκſڵ֪ˣȥɡ
̧һֹı顣
еزˣ׷ʵɻбҪࣿ
ޡ񣬹ϱ壬΢иˡ
***
巵ǰĵˣΣ
Ұ·ȴһؼ֤ݡƽȻر˾
Ի󲻽ͷѡʵʵظ
һ·󣬺һӰס˵ȥ·ˡ
ƿ۽ޣˣüǿкٸ
һ࣬Աһķȣˣɷһ˵
Լܲµ⣬ίؾܾһйŸϻر˾
һӼɡ貢ǰӣĳᵢ̫á
˼ٸȷʵ㡣ǸһЦƳĿǧȻɣʲôǧ˵ͷתңһġ
һ״⣬ʲô°
趢Ưֵ͵ͻһӡ
װƹǰߣ첲ȴһֻץסˡ
ڴǰϡٸɤỺһ㲻ײİζҴδҪʲô
Ž붫Ҫ񣬽ȴУһ˲ʶҪ̫ӵء
ĶвйϣȻҲ޷ʱӦԡ
֪ٸԭ֮к꣬΢䣺ٸء
ץĸ첲Ŀøӣŷǰ֮İ
λվһͳƥ䣬һ΢һˮīͼ
һϴ֣Ҳ̲ס⸱۵Ļ
ûͼۣԶһŭ
ſ
һ⣬Ѹ˦ٸ֣Ƶ
һתСͽܷԲٸŭڵСģֱըëСûʲô
ʱ˵еЦ
ô£ΪͻȻСͽҲôɰأ
лҪ˵
̣Ҫ֣
ΪʲôҾСͽҲôɰ
Уֻдá
ٴ࣡



43 ҧ
ٸǫǫ, ˼񣬽ץ˵ֱ, 鼱֮١
һǳ統ͷȣѿشףǸĳʧ̬ˡ
̶һ仰Ĺ߻Ӵʮĵطɱм䡣
ʲôըëһֻʳ̣צسٸС
ߵ¡ָ糣ĳ֮˽¡
֮⣬߻Ȩʡ
һ⻰ڵӹһ˿Ũҵɱ, ȴһɤߵ¡
׵İɫ˲, ת, Ƶô˵, 붫ٸ, ˽ʲô飿
⽫ٸҧüأһĻ֮
, صߵ¿ܡ
ߵ¿֪, ˳Ϊµ֮ǰ, ڶס˳֮á赭һЦ, ش˽͵
ǹ˾֪, ٸƫҪ
Ȼ, һ˲, ߻ӵĿٿȻȥ
һΧ۵ĿǧĬĬ˲ĺô£ôĪɱ
ߵ¶ǧ򻯵̬ȣѾװͿˡ
˵Ȼٸ˽ףɤȴԱﴫģѲڲӪں

˵棬ܲɷСͽܵ磬ֻô۽ޣͷϸػص£ٸͷ֮ѣ׼ˡ
ԣƽѿһϸ죬ȴûٳ
áЦЦ棬˱µðؼμסԼı֣Щĵ
һͬʱôˡ
򴽣Сͽӣߵҷſġ
ɫ粻ض˺üۣһȥ
ٸεģο߻ǹѣϿҵصǸǸˣĳ鷳ˡ
ٸˡԴһٸ⡣
˵գҲĻᣬֱǰȥ
򡭡վԭأû׷ȥǽʣȥ
ְиˡҲָˣ漴̤ҴҸԼҴ˵ıӰ
***
˾گ
ȵδگʪĴܣɭ֮
߹խηһʹԩˣԩ
˳ţߵһηǰפͣ
ηѺŵģ̤گʱλҪʥĵѧʿ
ɼδѧʿӿƿ˽һǰϡ󵳡ҳگگһֱߺԩ
ˣͽκƽŵԿף߽ȥ
ڲϯϣκƽòӦϵĴ̱ޣžһϡ
ϡ岻Ծ鴤һ£зӬİ
گ࣬λԤĵѧʿȻƤֻǿһûȥ
һĹ٣ͷȴǱȴ佫Ӳگ̿ĥĸ£
Ҳ˰зˮԭֻҪگʩ̵ֶα֪˲ϲѪȣϲگеķ˹Ǻ˼
κǧֹһҪĻҪʣŪˡ
ǣˡκƽӣҵĻ̌˳ȥ
񣬱˾£ٸλ򸧴ˣκƽڣ಻ȴάֹ
˵ֶΣȷ˵á
Ƭ̺ǿлѣʵʵϡ
˵һگ˵ԩֶձᣬԩ
ԴԼѵ̧ͷ͸߰ͷѵ촽˶
Ľֻתһ裬ߵǰι
ɺЩһιһϸǳԩѩԺʲôò裬ܺȵϡ
һյףջزյӻϣˣ¿˵ˡ
һûһµشƺðκ󣬲·㡭кΡ
кʸ񣿡ЦЦ˹ڱ˾گΨһԸԩˣֻҡ
˵©ķ䣺ʥҪʥ
ʵɣѧʿʥϲټˡ̾һֻһΣл㲻˵£گУʬױɴ
¶־ַߺ޵飬зģ˻С
ɣһ¡˫ֻأҪµԩ飬ڸθйأ
һɲ㡭㡢㵽ס֪ʲô
һ£ڸθйأжλ̫ӵйءЦ⣬ɫѧʿǲǣ
һ˲عⷵհ㣬͵ŵһ£ֶ϶·ѩҡԩסĿܡҡ𣿡
֪ʲô΢һףնػصܣҸҡ
áá̱ϣش
ۣ˳ĸµķĥᣡ
***
ĺʱ֣ɫδڣһƬʡ
ڹϣԱָת
֪䣬¸ԽԽȻزԼһˡ
Ų΢٣̽Żһ
ǣˡŵһµİǰ
ԺûڣͲˡЦ·߹Σȫúܡ
ûӦǼ΢΢ضˣȥگ
ôѪŵˣͷԼϵζǡ
گǵطеѪȺֻҪһȥͲɱմȾ
䣬ǲǹ㲻õĻˣ
ҡҡͷûС
ˣԼְɣܽ㰵Ų˶ֵġ
ĬƬΣصû飬֡˰֡
˼Ҳã뵽֣ٸ㡣
ǣˡӦϢظ
ص¸˴ˮԡ¡
ԡͰ̤һϰɫ˿£⴫ϤɤĶ
һĺƼ͡
ɿ£½Ÿص
űƿͷǺ̤ڵĿͣϣٵĺٿȻһϡ
΢һüôļǣ
ûʲôϣֻǲ²⣬ûˡ
°̲סСͽһۣһüëӣΪʲôء
գգ۾Żص°
ᡰһԼ°׽ñˮʪķβ
ɣԸµؾ֣Ҳͬ⣬ԹԵ齱ߣֻЪžͺá
ûзֻ΢΢Ŀڡ˵գʲô
ĶУʱ˷ãҪ𣿡
Цһˣҿûǣڻǰôġ
ǲǡˣͼȻأҲǰϷ֪ҵѽ
Ц֪ݼԽԽˣƭȥˡ
ͷĶһ漴Եʦͽ̵ú
ĳڴϣ΢Цÿɷ
˵ôʣµʵǸ裬кΡ
˫أ
³ܵ۽ޣҲ֪
ؼμסԼı֡ЦЦбСͽܣظĻٸ˽ִΣ
ĺһ£޳ץסһط˿ʵһ˽
û뵽׷ȥڴһ֡
ʵϣҿ϶ٸԭԸ˲ʲô˽顣
ϾֲһаС˵
һһںƵ˿
⧲ʶ򢣬Լͷܵͽܣ㳶ͷˡ
üȴŶֻңֻϲҡ
˽飬ôȰƤˣȻٽҧӴֻһ˳Ϧԡ
лҪ˵
ǳȨıֲС˵
̣ţǵ·ѧ
۹õͬ籾ô죿
һϳݣٷ˭дǲҪȣ࣡



44 ÷
ץסҵֻδɿ, ΢̧ͼԼͷ, Сߣ֡
ֻϲң԰ɣȴǷҪõ϶Ļش𣬴װĶϣ׷ʣԲԣ
ȵϢеĶһĵڹƫؾٲ֣Ҫ˰
䣬ſָ, ޹ʵŪ𣿡
, קһСͽܸ߸ķβ, קͷ۲ۣ
۰ػش, ûûƤشȥǰ, ƤһҲۡϲקĻ, ٶקΣ
㡭Ц, һչ, ˭ѧקͷ
ӡ, ֻɵС, ŻͨקŮӵıע⡣
ü, Բ, Ҳǹ
ʵϣǹģ
˭ͷĴ̫ˣ˳ֻ̲סʼԼץٵ˿
ͬٸûʲô˽µĽ顣ֹ֣͵ϸ˵һ굽ͷ˵仰
ǡƲƲǣ֮ǰڶأ
ʱԶҲ̫ǵˡ֪ԭڶճֻܺŪܹ鲻ʲôӡ
𣿡ڵѹֲס˷ܣһʱ𣿡
һʱСͽˡ
һʱ𣿡Žľĵ׷һ顣
о˵е֣Ҳû룬찡СٹԵ㣬͸ˡ
ʵ滰еȷǺСͽһȹġ
ҺܹԵİز˲Ļˣԡ
ͻһֱϲɣ
СЦϣԣǰװԡ
ϵЦ΢ͣ׼ػ⴫ͨӣ˹
˹Ӧ
˹ֱϰɺĸ˹
˶ĸ˹ֳһ񶫳֮λû۵Ļ˳Ҫ
̧¶ɫʵԼã
˽˳ɵ˳ϰȹ˺ü꣬أ˹˳֮ɵأȴܶ⽫Լժøɸɾƾһ㣬Ͳһġ
ͷʣôʲô
ӦذϵһɰԺ󣬡ȥҰţ
ŶΪѵӦˣɫް
̤ڵ䡣
ˡ˶̬ǫ
˹ض񡣡ͷʾ
лˡ˶СĽҴˣΪ˶Ǿڡ
Ŷ΢һü˹üĿ
Сַ漰ԱиŬƴճһΪҪϢ˶ɫƾװش
ü΢û֤˹ԡ
˽ѵǡ˶ӣССδʥϡ
ĬƬΣص֮£ҹҵû˹Ҳؼڻʥϣ²һ顣
˶üëһɵʾ
ûʮİգݾߡѵ¹ضʥѲ⡣
˶Ȼ򣬹Ҿл㣬Сˡ
˹ˡЦЦ뵽ĳҡ
˶æ˼ȫ
˿һ̶˽ĵ鷽˹뿪¸
ڵǰ̧īĻҵһ£ĵñˡ
κתصڵ׼СͽܻԼȥȴСͽڴ˯ˡ
˼Ͱ£ҹ͸ͽһ˿΢˯ϵСͽܣȳһŵĺ
ֻԼʱŻչ˯һ˱ὫһСţѰĳֱӻſɰֿ
ˣȡһȣرߣСͽŷ硣
ܵˬ⣬۾һ˯øˡ
㵹ܡʧЦü۵ʹСͽܵ˯գԺȴ⧲ֳİԼһĻ
ѽͺһ˸ӲԾȾϻ⡣
ˣ׿ҩᣬСͽʮִ˵㷨ܿҪʮߣȷ˸á
ӵˡ
˼ˣȣŵһԵĺľ齡
ȥֱźףһֻһûһµشӣغƤӡ
***
֪Լˡ
ϤĹɴ᣷裬ϳ˯ա
ûٱ߸ߵ𣬵˫ѩǱϵסΰڴͷϡ
ħһ㣬߽齣뿴øЩ
ѩ׵ļһĳ죬ƺǿ޵úˣᱡƤ׵ģ²ŸɺԵۡ˫Ĵң۸úײһƤ
£΢ĵźỺҳ½۵ѩɫϸŽεĺ÷ϴ
ǰ˵÷꣬ʱȾףһ˲ϯȫ
ΪλˣδΪÿΣ޵ĳ
ֱһֻΪ
ش֪񼫣ȴԿƲסԼֻǽڷ֡
ʱϵٿȻ˫
һǱҵſڣͼͣҲǡ
߲δͣϣǴ͸ڿһˡ
ϣǸֳˡ
۵ˣŲǰЦ˯ÿɺã

ΪҲ
һ˲䣬ŭӵֱףȥһͱˡ
ŬҲβ˫ţֻվԭأĿѵصˣķź
ģһ˵ģ
˸һɢϵ˿һڣ㣬㡭
ſɤƣͬСèצڶɦӣ㵽ס湻û
湻ûظһ飬ȻЦ齣סŽӵĽףԼ£ȻûС
һ΢Ƶɤһ˿ǻĥˡŹң㡭
ôĥأ˽˹ȥҧ֬Ƶİ۶⣬̾Ϣ૵㣬ڰ㰡
ΡΡǰһ˲β㱻ֺֻݺ߬סˡ
ֻͫϰɫɫ֯һ
Ҳģ˲סɢѩ˿ʱʱɵһһ³ţ˭ƭң˭붪ҡ
ûС˿ס¶һط𳱺񾱣ʹʹظؿûС
УȻ׺ݣ˿أĳݼҧס΢͹ɿֶʵ𣿻ȫ¶ҵģܵȥ
ܡʹˣŤմˮ㺹ʪգֺõȥˡ
ùԡЦˣչȥǺϲ£ĺ촽ƻùԣԹԴ߲ţ
Σûһ˵ĶԻȾŭȫ޷˼صϢ
ȡһηڳʱͬһͷҰޣ͵˵齱ߣҪѹһƷ
ʱӦһ٣ٿȻת
ɲʱ䣬
ˣΪγһź
лҪ˵
̣̬ôҳúҲ࣡
ûһֿܣǾǡ
ҺףҾͰһЩǿƺٺٺٺ١
УǸĳͷĳͷ໣



45 
ٿȻ˫, īڵͫľδȫɢ
صشԺвӰ, ξһĻжôơ
Ǹ˶ֶζԴˣȻú񡪡
׼ȷ˵ǳԼ
͵ϰĿɨһȦڹϰ˯ϣٿȻ
ûнȴҲԸͬ齶ߡ
´ŲڵϣϢǰ
˯һҲ޷˳ŨܵĳСˢӣͶӰ, ̵ͦıǼ״毺õĴ, Ժ, ǵĴС
ǧ˿׹, бų, Ա󡭡
̲סϥأսЩ, ̵ĺ, ϸϸġŕiɫ
ôгÿˣֱĸγ, ۾, ĵϲҪ
šƺǸܵ, ˯еһСèƵĺ, Բ͵ֻ̧˻ӡ
, ֣ܿĿȴһ˲ҲԸ뿪
Ĳѩ׵˿£Ƿδη羰
еһĻĻܰ˦˦Դ
ѵ˼ҹΣնĵŰͷҹŻɫξмٽ֮ΪΪ
ֶβģϸڶʵ
˼ţԺȻһ̰ʹɱ˫ۣͼʹ
ΨһȷǣеδĻʵۣξĳԤףǸ˲˭
ԣֻҪվȨ۷壬ôϣûܴ
յεˣֻ
Ȼһľ⣬ȴڴ˯֮˵˲䣬ɢӰ١
ĿٶȱСסֻɰ֣ϣܵ΢ֱ
ҡֻһ˵ġ
ţΰѼ䣬΢΢ƿ۽ޣģСߡ
ڣֱ¾˯ˣӦ˯ɣء
á˯ʶسԼ֣˯ȥˡ
ͻȻÿģ£ָ·ҪץסдһĨ¡
ҲġֻҪֻҪ뿪ҡ
᲻ãֱضԴ
***
峿΢
δһë޵ԴԼࡣ
ڶ׵һս飬̧ƿǿԴȴǰѹųĸ첲
Ťŷ˯Сͽܺһֻ̯ܣ޳֫ϣ˯硣
˼Ƭ̣ҹ˯ڹϣôһֻص˴ϣѵҹ˯ԺԼ˴
ܲСͽܱ齵İɣҪڲŲСͽĿǰӦá
ʱϴͳʵս˸첲
ԴһƫȥҲûֱӽСͽܣסǰĸ첲һһÿ
ŵضƶСۣڼ󹦸ʱǾ׳ʵֱһ䣬´˻ȥ

ĵٶСŲֱֻۣһǰֻ첲ֱճϣôò
ˣžһ죬Сͽһơ
ţȻѣãȻգգ۽ޣҲһֺõشչȥô
ûôʱ磬˯ɡֽŲãƿԼСͽܣ齡
ԹԱƵһԣǺãЦеʵҹ˯ú𣿡
һ٣һأ˯ǰڹϣŲȥģ
ûа޹ʼ磬ҹ˯ÿˣһζûѡ
ü΢ĵǻǼˣѲ֢
кΰţӣСƶ
ȥ糯ȡɴñʹ۷ż鰸
Դ۲ಡ齣糯ÿһθΪÿΣϳʱҲîʱΪʱǲðҹ빬ϳˡ
糯ʱƷϹԱ̫͵ڣʥϼλس̹£Ʒ¹ԱڵжӵȺ򣬷ʥϴٲڡ
˵ʱϳĹԱò࣬ƷгӣҽͷӶ̸ֻɫʾ⡣
ָ崺ϣ׼Լλãվˡ
ʱλǰ̫ӵӦתһۡ
ɱˣѱ̫ӵ۵ƬƬˣǺ֪̫¶һǳǳЦ
ʱһŴ󿪣ٹ롣
Ʒףվڶţǽָ֪ͬ汱ʹλ⣬·һλָ֪ͬԶ
ʱǰָʷѻָʹ֮λȱָʹ£˭֪·ɱ˸ˣһ˱˾Ѹָ֪ͬƽƽ
Һλ޴ؿûʹӡ˵˶Ϊʥϰ£һִչ̺ͬѲһִگٹѲ鼩Ͼˮˮ
Ƭκ󣬹۳ϣչ̺
ٹһߵͷ񣬹Żڵƽ
һ˵糯ʱĹԱҪĸӻ˵ʲôǰ׼õģͬһ.Ĺ֮ͨ
۸߸ϣŴǵ࣬Ѳ⣬ϲŭѱ档
ϣбࡣڸθʳУݵ
ۿһۣܴˣ
ϵձʮˣɴżءλȴһֱУǰؾͷ˾ٲϴӺơ
ЩĹǰϰϡơ֮Ĵ죬ΪԼ֧š
ԣɫʱһ䣬ǰŵĹԽ
Ҳüδ
ϣ顣ʱɷܳУְݵڣͬһУ˽Ϊס
顣ڣ˼УǱͨģ̫.»ӷַͷĹأӺؾƲȣطءӺ̫ƽʢܱ߷Сֺαؼڽǲأ
ϴˣλȴڹУΪЦһе֮ˣǱģ
һñһۣ׶ʱվסˣйؿͷеرĵ̷ֻһЩʱգ޶ģ븸
Ļӳɵδ볯̫͵վŵĻֻһˣⷬ͵ָı
巸ųУʵʣҲţʵܱġ
ɫȻڸ׸лǫлϣô
лǫף޻ףԹֻصػϵĻϳΪλ˵ĸе
΢΢лϡ
λڸ׸ǴӺԪϣԭǺʿӳȻλʱڸ󣬹ʱڸ׸ڳеĵλ޿ɺ
ǰ󹬣.֮ݱлϴӲκεɣֻЧڴӺңЧڵʵۡ
üԽԽһݺ顣
ʻ˵ʲô۽ɨ̫ӵ£˻ضС
ײƲƲǣ̫ӵӵʽ˺Ƥˡɻ๥ڦݺİϷеˡ
»һҪҪ
***
گΡ
ηУŰڵϵǰӡ
ʱּƿһ񲿼ְ˴ԱͬʱǣԼԺڶ󳼡Ϊ鵽̶ֳȣӦѳ׾˰ȴû뵽©˹ؼһ
ڡ¶ӥ˼ʼ¾1ݡӶ󱻹ѺگΣ˿˻ţȴն
˽ӽѣĽ
򡭡ˡɿǽϣ϶ʵʱ𣿡
صδ·ʱˣһл㡣
ȿȡӼѵؿţá˵ġﳼѾ
˻лû˵ֱ˵ʵƿһǷ붫̫йأ
䣬沿Ȼس鴤һ£۾صﳼ֪Ժ¡
˵ĹҲϳ̫ӵ¡ĵָ⸧Ū崺룬ʲôôأ
ɱ۾һԲ
ѵ˲²ѵǶЭ˵ļ˳Ϊӷ
Ȼ˫ۣзպ㡢㡭ܣ
Ψ˴˻΢΢һЦƺ£¡
Ŀеһͯˡ
۰Ҫ̫ۡͯСвͨ£İǿдߣһ·µ۴ޣҲϲĥòεүүԹԿ޵ֱá
Ӷʱ˫ֻܹڵǰƺơƺơ
òЩһ߹ȥֱӽ߻ǽǣз΢İ
˱ĮܽͳȥȻҲץ
ƺơ
ͯүү޵øˣүүүүлˣץƺүүء
ת̧аƵָסͯ޵ͨСϧôɰСҲ֪ܰϼ
˵գ崺ĵӳֱüۡ
˵˵ӷ˻ذֻǸӣŹ˵
ϣСӾͲЩˡ崺ʣ˻֣ǧͯ˳ȥ
ȡֽʣ˸ǰˣ˵дš
ձʵֶɸٳ䲻µһ֡
ֻҪ㽲ǰĻʹҽʣļ˶ƽαϣٲӽ󣬱˾ҲóԺúȵعˣú·
գһҧǺʼֽοī㡣
***
гǰڣβȵػһ¡
лζֻ˲ʱоѡ
ˣû°ɣʶ˫ȥӣֲҴˣֻܽѯʵ
ް³ǰѹԸȽǺӲڹ⣬ҵһָʾ
кԥӦǣˣ
ͷŲߡ
ѪĹʣȴȥֹۣķȥˡ
СͽˣҪСͽܣȷԼһУбҪġ
ƣֹ߽ȴڴһİ
һ̫Ϥˡ
ӿŲһƿڵĵš
ټԺУǹһأִһ̵ĳޣݺݳʹֱС̫ϡ
С̫ѱƤѪ͵ཫȾһƬȺ죬Ѫȶ̡
Сߣüһ壬ȵʲô
ӱ޵һ𾪵Ȼηѣϵıӣ·Լŵһߡ
޴룬һ˺üǡҽͣ
Ⱦṳ̆ţҲֱ޵ȥҽ
صĹǣڸҴһ
ˣ
Ѹתȴֿͣǰٳٲż
Ҳȥȡ˼ڰϷĽߣصſڣͣ
㷲µСӣ÷Żӱʱһ˿壬ֻǳͷ
ͷǵͷֱӴĻ㣬ҽǲǲǴ㽫ǸС̫
԰رҡûС
˭ģؿۣǰһ󷢺ڣ˭̷ֲʽͷ˵ģ
گмʮ˰̷̵ִܵıִ̲֮СͽܣؿϢοŴҴһۣСͽܷ֡
Сģۼֿǰһֲסҡҡ׹ȴһƻӿˡ
סǰѣΣֳסſ򣬵ȵ£
ֽڰУ漴˻ص⣬˳ӵعǰ
޳ͦεˣռȹʱǰӣֻһСš
һΣû
򴽣Թ˫֣Ͼ
žһ죬ߴģʱһ顣
΢΢һΪطֽľٵøЩͷøЩ
һ٣ˣݰʹһСͽܵġ
֪֪
лҪ˵
ͷСͽܣ᲻ô𴦣ʹְġ
̣ˣʵҲԴĵط
С̲С¶βͣԹԽĳͷģһ¡
˫һҿб˵վŵģԴҵĻظǡ˲Ҫ̫ʱ[ͷ.jpg]
עͣ1ԡǡ



46 һ߷
֪, صѸٺ
Ϊ, Ͳ÷Σߴģˣʵûжۡ
ҧأֱһ۵ӣ򣬵ˣȴûܵӦõĽѵֻø
˵ˣ᲻, ׼ֻ
Ȼ, ֡žž, սָĽͣϷ, ٳû
⼸, ýߵĴָ
һС߹, ڷܺѧ, õǰ, ҪŽں޲ߡ, Ľǽ巣ʹ, ܿͷ, ֡
ϴδСͽְ, Ϊʱһ֪ʱŽߣ£ʾͽ䡣
󶯸λ𣬻ǵһΡ
٣΢ĵظڵʣĶˣ
ڡСƿ۽ޣһ˫Сۣۿڲͷñӳˣ
ǷǶԴͷΪֹˣȷȨùǡƽźͼĵڳͷˣֶ񶾲̵ıĥˡ
ԼһֱڽСͽһ˲ʶ֣ıԣ֮η񳣻֮ġ
֮·ʬѪǧЩؾĹĶҲãֶҲգеɡ
ʦͽˣһմѪ͹ˡ
һĻò뵽ԭУǸŰɱ޹ı
ôһУʲôأ
Ҵˡ֪ˣԸ߸߾׵˫֣ɤ΢ϴҾٹĽ̵
´ԻغˣҲ֡
˫ʪ۾зӿΪӡ
ĳϦദԼῴۣԼĽ̵ã
˼ˣŻʵ㾿Ϊ£
۽ޣСصС̫˽Ͳɾˡ
Ͳɾü£𣬡˵ʲôʮĻ
ǡҧҧԸ˵̫һЩɲĻǱˣʡ˶䡣
˵ΪԺٿȻһͷɵʵѵǡҵģ
˵ɫһԡ
ûҪô̵ıӽС̫ҪС̫ͷ˱ɹʮ˲Ҳûٽ
ˣҲ׷ˡ˸߰˰ˣſϣǹ£㲻Ե޹ʶ֡
ڵϵ˵ίҽˣûӦʲô
Ϊֻ˸⣺Ǹ̵ıӣ˭ģ
ӡػصǡġ
˵ʲô㡣üһһ˵
˵̵ִĳ޹вһǽͽ̾ߣƽϰñӵҲȿ
׺Ūȥֻö̬Ȼصǽҵġ
û뵽λ޴˳Ϲϵʲôʱʶģʲô
ǰ¡һһʮ̹ףȥ밲ʱǡһʱ޴˽ҼС
˫΢޴ʾˣ
湦ͦ㣬ôͲö֪ˡƲƲǣǰ¶˼֣ѳޡ
ø˵¡̾һ֪㸸ʴ˷Ϊ⣿
ʵҡҡͷ
̶̼ڣƸͽ޴ƽƽϻű˾˭ۺ죿΢˹طȻʥ֪ʦͽϵͣȴָ㣬˵㸸ʲô˼
Ȼ򣺡ʲ󡣡
⣬ڽָ֪ͬǵͷˡָ̧֣Ѳ⣬Ҳҳٳٲ㱨ȵԭ򡣡
õһʧ֤ݣȷһٰ¶ҸȼĿԣж
Թ۵Ĳ̶ȣȻỳ̫йݺֻΪ̫ӡ
˶ϥǣʶ׷ʵ˳һʲôµĽչ
ϴ㷻˵ʱ㲻Ҳڳôһۣ˳ϣҪƿϵײѡ
ŶһʵСҪ򵽺ʱ
ʲűһ˷Сͽܵԭе֮ɢ˲٣֤֪͸ġ
СƵͷĿгϵĻ⡣
ٽΪĿġ
ɡվֱӣ̾Ϣϣ֪
氡һ˵һ˭֪˰ΣһϥǷҡҡλεֱȥ
ҿſǿؽסСͽܡ
һסͲˣȥˣС߻Թġ
ѽ䱧һԲĹĵԴвٽһΣͲϲˡ
***
ʦͽ˵˽ֻʣС̧̫ȥҽΡ
ֹֽ̫๬Ůǣټһѵ
Ȼ³򣬷ˣСͽܰ׷һ
ڵڣ߶´Ҵһ
ֻϽӱֹֹڳֹڣ˳ֹ˾͸αսֶ͡һգͷֹƬֻڳκһˣӲ𷣡
ڹµ̫ͷ£Ƿ׷׷Ӧūס
׾ͺá˻֣ȥգø
ǣӡǾȻˡ
ϣЪϢƬ̡
𣿡зƵĺŲ࣬ſɺã
бһۣû˵Ҳû˵á
˵Ҿ͵ͬˡȱܣȥСŷ׼ʲôóԵģ
εЦЦֳ̧ס򢡣
ùţɫ
Ҵ̣ЪϢ࣬Ͳָˣһ죬Ҫ߶һ۵ġ
סСͽܵĥӲݣǴӦޡ
ձСͽܲĳֹȻм˸СĲ
ȥմѪζϴȥĳƣ룬أɿԡͰС
Ժ䣬һˮƺ˼ԡͰ
һ˫ۣƤȴǱˮסˣôҲ
̵Ϣִİ˵ƵЦһϴԧԡ
ѵСߣ
о˾Ȼˮбתɿϵơ
δй飬е˵𾪣Ҫֹ˵̷һҲʹֻ˰ڲ
ԣⲻСߣ˿СӦ⣬ôİ˴޵
һ˲̵ֻĴ֣Ȼġ
һŭȣȻ˫ŷ֣ԼԡͰһΡ
ҵһҲ˲öж֣Ѹ̤ԡͰ
ڵ춯ƿţײµæתҺʲôˣ
££ɫ΢΢һ죬򶨵ػصûʲôˡ
ܲ˵Լԡʱ˯ˣһ֡߳ܵΰɣ
Ǿͺá
Ƭκƹ磬ڵ£Ҹȿɺã
ϴ޼յţ΢һף԰׽סʪķβϡ
űߣȵİסֱϸСȣ᲻صš
Ļ𣿡סСȶӴ飬ʵԹԹ㣿
Թشøɴ䣬ΪҺãҸԸܷ
ԣٸнɿ˵СͽܣŵҲҲ˰ɣ
Сͽһ棬°׽ϣɢͷ˿ȥרܶһ޶ķ
˯ٴϮУоƺһֻ֣˳С
Сߣ֡һ䣬ΪСͽֵƤˡ
˳Цһ£Ķʵֱ֣ӡɿɺã
˵գֱֻ㷢ݰ㽫ȶ۵ǰ
һʹͷƤ飬һ̧ţˡ
һУٶȵСͽܣһ˸Ľų졣

лҪ˵
̣û׹ǹĶ񣬰ߵȴңⲻƽ
ȿȡˡ
˳˵һ죬ǿưһжǰʱ߷չһˣǲҪ



47 Ҫ˲֪
Сϸֱ, ſƼܰסһ˳˿, ;ָкõ˼顣
ţԳҪԿɵĿȥָһѩ׻Ƥһһӡ
Ժи棬ϵĶҲȻ䣬Сٿһ±ֱˣκηӦļ򣬺ݺһš
޷һߵ˲, һֻ˿ǵСڹ굹ڵ, 龪ãȻ
ϰ, գգ۽ޣ޹Ǹǹġ
ղʵ̫, Сͽָպڸ, ͱˡ
Ա̱ڵϣ˳ʴ, ɤ൱޿Һĸ, ȴһ, Ҳˣ
ѽǹ֪, Сͽǰ, , , ˣ
ɢĳʪ΢ңļ͸ۣ΢βȾ˱죬µ붼ˣɢһĪ˵Ϣ
ֱ񡭡
űʲô۸һ
ͷԾһ£ħ쳤ֱۣסǰָһ乬Уץסݰǣס֡
ֻʱľãȻͬһҰÿʱÿ̶ֻڴʱŻõƬ̵Ļ⡣
ˣѽβתΪһȻקһѣֱֱȥ
ԤеʹδڶһڵĻ
ĵĵס򢣬ֹײݡ
һ˲ֱܿװѹ
СߣʱյؽһСͽ
ȴûô׷ſһֻ첲סϸһֻסϸ۵ĺ󲱾ΰԼϣõī
ɲĿ˸
ԼԺΣǸ˵ȴܸܵ˽˫ֱ֣ǡ
ſڻش˸Цһ߷ڵأǾһڵŰɡ
ٲɿ˰عŶˣֺ̧ݺšסСͽ⡣
˻굹һϵ֮Щ
ץסᣬֱͦסȭͷһСͽܼʵؼ޺ƤҴ򣡡
ϡװʹüͷɤ΢ؿߵۣúݵġ
װʲôװִһ£ûطʹ۸ˣ
Цסѩ컬ǻɣƤӲģִˡ
㡪ٴƢһҲûˣ̲סЦָСͽܵĶͷǸˣСһôأ
аüԵҲ᲻ñأ

ԣ׿Ժһ˿ǡСͽܣȻִ治
ˣСأȻֻģŤͷɨһȦ
һʱûӦʲôСˣ
ֻСġЦŪȥˣò滹ȥ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷûУҰȥùˡ
ǹ˼˰ǰͰֻëһ
ðɡ΢һʼ磬Ϊٿҡ
һ⻰һµ𾢵ҲԿʲôҶԣ
⼷ûСĺ

ǸĶϾҪë
***
峿ʱ޵ֻʣһˡ
ڵϣ˻񣬷齡
Բ÷㣬һڣץҹӵı޳м䣬ٽסӣӵڻ
پ׺ݣеаȴôҲйڵӷһ˿Ⱥ죬͵һƿӣһԾ¡
ս
ʱ˾ֱ̫ڡ
˶ڵϣ̬ǫҹ̧һǰߵ¡
²飬ʲô֤ˣƬκڿ˽ڡ
صµĻ֤ܹĳﱸС˶ؿڣ˽̵зСһжκΰѱ
ָ㣬ƻ˶ˡЦһָнؿ棬˾òˣϡһΣҪ޷֮գ𣿡
˶æصǣСף
׾ͺáյա
˶һڲ˲ͷ亹վ
һڲ裬ʵʵΣ
⡭˶ɵСĿǰҪ𶫳ˣźʥϸǰ
޴ƿ۽ޣһۣʵҪȡΣ
ˡ˶ŵ֡ͨһȥʥεĻ桪չճչ̺ʥϣС˲Խ
ѵ㣬һӾССı̫ࣿ᲻صؽյˤϣʲôչ̤ʬȥ˾˵㣬𣿡
ԣ˶㶡
ͼС̫̫λã֮ϲФĶɽգߵȴλεøߡ
ӸµԽżأʾ
˹˼ϥǰ
뵱ʿǺʿ΢΢С̫ļ磬뵱ӡ̫࣬Ǻ̫ࡣ
˶ص½ѵǡ
ʲôСڣǸλãջ͵ſڵϽڡúñ֣ñ
ϡüë˶˶¶ĳ־ģؿͷʱˣСһµ
ߵ⣬Ϣ뿪ֱ̫
***
ȥٹ·ϣ·԰ʱɺ;˴̫ײˡ
ԩ·խ׼΢ЦȣҾ硣
巼ϲԳһ˿ֺܺõߵҪȥĶ
һתЦŻصҪȥ밲أ
ȻɫһҲҪȥ밲ߵܻǸհɡ
ΪҪգɻգգ۾һͬȥ밲𣿡
ĺĺϴθʽѵʱСԹͼӴףøʸλʢùѪͷʱ˫ð
ߵܣǲԼ乬еˣ̣ܲˣ̫ӵ˺αװű˿˼죬Ͳ֪ߵغˣ
Цⲻ䣬ζ̫ӵ´£ôǣ
ǣ֮Цߵ⻰ɲҪƽ޹ʵݹ¡
ЦҪ˲֪ǼĪΪ̫ӵ¡
ˣˣ乬ĥǽˡһ磬¶ֻı飬ϧǸǰĴˣҪ÷Ҫ꣬𣬱𣿡
Цһʱ֮죬ٶȹֵˣһ
ΪռϷ磬سʤ׷պ绽ˣ뵱ڹµĶҲǸ֮֮ȥů澡
ɲǼ䣬ϺŵЦ⳹ˡ
Σ̫ӵӿһ⣬·ԵıܵĴѹҵһйĳڡ
ͬʱ߸ĥ߻Ӽˣֻ¼ů澣ʲô˵ģ
巳ڳһڶԵУȫûз߻϶Ȼ͵ѹ
վԭأָ΢΢˶ذƺܵ˵ȵƤ⡣
û뵽ɣ´ǰˣΪֳºȰһ䡪
δ䣬̧˷
ײһǣͬһˮͷ£溮
ʹһ
лҪ˵
̣һУ
̫ӵһˡ
̣ξԲˡ
ܲ϶һȷС࣡



48 ش
巵ļ, С乬гߵܣͣڼǰǸСų, ۸˲ŭҲԵĿӡ
֪ܺĸ˲Թвһ˿ΣϾֽǵĸʣĬ˶߻ӡ
һ̣Ŀ纮̶Ĵеǧ꺮ʱ÷·ڿһˣŻȻǰ겻֪Ӻʱʼúʹǰȫһˡ
ʲô񣿡ǿסƵ㲻Ҳ𣿹㱨˳㲻ߵл£
Ӣ, ٿȻһëȻЦ, һһʵ̫ӵⷬ, ʲô˵ѽ
üȴ, ׵ĺһ˿
己ЦըͷƤ, ֶˣδ롭˵
Ǳ˾, ¸ε֮һ, ֻҰسڶ, ȴ˺
˳һδ䶨, һʼڰ, ʳѰ
뵽, 巵Ҳȥ, ¼ȥʣû
һվԭء
̫Ӽƽ룬һʵڽ£ݵվϾһɻȻɵѹȸС
已ԾֱͦɫƵвùִ⵲Ҫֲֻˡ
⣬ԾԾԵس嵶
ܲЦֺαأڽ֮ʱȻЦÿһ롣
已˿һȥ
۽΢̧Ŀ̫ӵȥʣתֳŨҵѪɱ
ŲٹķȥԺȴճ̫ӽõ
ÿһһһֱһֲңȫһ顣
һ·һ·ߵٹʱȻָ糣
½ֱڵȥ
ĸδˣȻ̫ĸ밲ˣ
̫ǰţԺЦ꣬Զģˣѵʲôϲ£
ʲôϲ°˰ݣ漴Ըԣĸ밲Ҳϲ¡
̫ЦȰ粻ɣĸһš
ǳٹĳͣһƨ£ֱԹǷŶ԰һ£øء
̫еúӣ̫ûΪɣ
ףĸôֲ֪ϲңȵ˷
̫̾һĿгЩڹҲʲôܡ
ҲǡӦһ΢ֲң˳ء
̫¶ɫ׷ʵĪ̫ʲôڣ
Ӻף̫ȷػصǺֵ˼˳Ǹ漰˶־Ǩŭ
˳İӰ̫˼ϵҨӣô
⡭ԥһ£ϵػص˽ۣ˵˳ɫ⣬ûء
ⷬ˵ɰ̫Цҡҡͷת˻ͷ
ɣżӣָһ¡ν̯̯֡
Ҫץ̫ӣҲĸĸĸֶŮ˵ҲǱס
Ҳûҵˡ
ѾˣЩҪѧ̫ͨĳﲻϲаͲܽĶ档
ƶǶǡӦֺ𣿡
ǴӺ߻ӣ㲻ֺκˡ̫Ͱ׽ûġ
ص˵ͷǻԲػصˣĸ
ԣ̫ЦЦЮһѼӻѬƬԺӣԵ㰡
ùţֹɵ̫˵һˡ
̫ȰĿ˳ڵһ䣬ӭײһСŮ
Ӣͦü΢壬ַ̧ᷳһѾʧŮ
û°ɣߵһ䡣
ߵ¡СŮվΣͰ͵ū澸
˽밤ߵ£ӢӽǰͳɤڶϣСŮ˵Ϻӡ
ɿ֣΢΢һЦײһ£ʲôģ
СŮͷллߵ¡
̧ñơѹɤ
СŮ㷲̧ײߵĳЦķʱʧ򣬼ҵҪš
ʲô֣·˹ӣСŮϹһ¡
СŮʧػصū
ܺ֡Ц˻֣ȥź̫ɡ
ǣ¡񣬻겻߽ڵ
һ˲ϿЦ⣬ޱ̤˳ٹ
***
巵ڣɿڹۻˮѣۿС
סæµ裬Цְѣš
Ͼ˵Ļ峼檡϶þòټˣǳ̫˼ϣղ
Īۺ޽æڳֶҪԣ˰
Ŀ⺬Թϵ棬һλöûټ
Ц档
ЩѽУ޹ǵţϣţ׶ȥ
ɫһ䣬΢ǴĶģ޻û¾
֪׶ױûϲ˹˿ĸ˳ۡΪί׶һƬТģлϥ£̷һЩʱգȴ֮
磬Ӻˣ޲˵ˣתء
ſǰߵôʰؼ׶ĸ⣬檱޺ˡ
˵ʲôģ۲˵ü޵ļƷΣ޶˵װԩĸ
һͻæþգѧһְĦַһԿɺã
ɫβɣ԰ַ
ǣתһϸϸż羱һϸҧŶ䣬ʱʱЦ
ǡôΪտ˳ޣȴſڻͨϣԪ
һҧҧ
Ԫڹؼʱ֡
ϡ׼飬ۿڻص
Ԫӯӯݵ檸밲
ض񡣡ֱϰºͣôҲˣ
ߣһƷϳԪݸһЦ֪Ҳڣ檽ձ㲻ˡ
ѵðġĿ⣬޳һա
ǣϡԪӦСŮнӹ̴̣ľǰ
ָ̧˸޷һҧˣȴòؿ޵úհ
ʶǻϲһƷ֮һС֬ŮļһƵĹۣ˼ˡ
Ȼ۳һ飬޲ڣԽԽİ
ԪȻн̻ϣ檱иˡ
ĿͣϣᣬһŰɡ
Ԫҡҡͷգ밲
Цһʶࡣ
Ԫ˳޹˵źǡǰʥϵˡ
ԪŲͣ٣
ˡԪ񣬡ϴ֮£˼ǰ󣬾е
΢һףȴԪġ
ҹǰ̸ְ˸ᣬԪ潫˵
Ԫϻ㣬ѧʶⲻν˲ӣԼӵ㲦ǰ󹬵ľơ
ΪȥĺӣҲΪ˹ۼݺȥԼԼĳ·յ˼ǣ˺
֮⣬һ˰ĵϢλΪƸΪˣƺֵиΡ
ҪĶձ˽Ԫ𲽣˲ʱ³һƮƮĻ
ɫػصԪ
ؼڵȥˡ
***
޹ڣʶιŹۣʱʱҪλȻ֮ⲻھơ
Ȼ۵ӻţ˲߰ĲҩѪӿһʱҲˡ
ưͣ˲һţִͨϣ
۶ʱû£ƿ¶ɢ
æú޲ҧⲻ۵ˡ
Ƿʲôɷα˴
һ̤Ƽٿһˡ
˹׵˵ò͹Գ̲סֶ˼ۡ
ȴĿ޶ã񣺡΢μϣ
ա֣ŤͷԸҪ̣ȱһܡ
Ŭ˳˵Цݣǣ
ת߳ڵѽʹһ١
ϲĶ⸱ӣ첡Ȼٰ
ǻָǰ׶Ϊ̫ӣ׶˳صǻǰЩظ϶һˣĻõί߷
һؿڣϣӹŮ˫ֵϵĲ裬һڣ̵ƿڴ澣
ĹŮŵùڵأͷĵֱ죬ū澸
ɫΪѿ巵ȥԼȥӡ
ǹŮ˳ȥ
˳˳ͻȻתһ󵨵ͷ
ԼĪһյĹƿֶ߳Сĵϵš
ĽŲϾ֧Ŷ˳
ȴǶҲٵؾֱȥ
ȿȡڻˡ
񣺡
Ŀشſε߽Щм仰Ҫ˵
һ˼⣬߽ˡ
˸𳹲˹İӣ֪Ƿץأ̽׳⡣
Ϳػص˱˾ܣˡ΢й
̽ضǱҲ𣿡
Ļ֪飬ֱȥʥϡػصš
һ仰ֱӽеҲסˣȴƢʾõһֱܿ˰
Ц񰮡
һЦƴѩڣ˻ۣյѶţ¶һ˿ϲɫá
ֽĪ˾ͽջǸ̫ʥ裬£ĸֶһҪ롣
ο˳һɱ˾ȫȨ飬ʱ밴׾٣
龡۵ף֪ʲôȴЦһѻ
***
һʥ˳ˣٻص¸ʱɸеһ˿ƣ
ǰӵĹԴڻУڵȰзųȥĽؼ֤ݡ
ӡСӭǰӹµ崺ǵź۵ӣԡⷦ
šӦƿڵţʵչпʲô쳣
ûССҡҡͷ崺Уǰ湫ӿ½ӣæҲҪעӣһ͹ȣСĲ˿ô죿
֪ˡſ˫ۣȤҹֲֽģô
˹ӣճٹ˰㡣СʲôƵģҹ𣿡
˰ɡ΢΢ü۵õͷ˯òϰ㡣
õģӡСӦȥ׼ˮЪϢ
תڴ齱ߣĿ񣬴һֻ֣סĽס
ŵþУ齱һԾȳʲôˣ
ѽ´Ϥɤ漴һӰϲⲻ⣿

ڵϣķ˿ңģٲҶҪ˯ˡ
ֺЦû¶Ҵ¸ʲô
Ҿͻ룬һһľϲüسЦСƵġ
ҭϲ˵㱻ġ
ʱεشβͷŵĶ·ҲԲûô࡭
Ҳûй˼Сͽͷɥë׵Թӣ˵ķʽȷʵͦµģֻǡ
δ䣬СӻŻŵĽ̫ӵ£̫ӵӲӵ޵
һ𣬵һӦǲ̫ӷСͽ
ǧһ֮ʣէ֣һƵСͽܾٷɿغˣ
ǣմӴ꣬һ±Ƶֱ˻ȥ
лҪ˵
ϲڴ𣿽ȥ㣡
̣ѵǴ˵еܣ
裺ǵأʱ鿨Ρ
һȡٶࣣ



49 
һСͽ, ű汻ֱһ߿
ٴȷ˲غˣѸ, µתˣ
ڵشڵȴĿⴥ齱վʱ˲һƬհףԼĿġ
ֻһѩ׵£ߣ˵Ĵ
̫ӵ£ϡͰһЦ֪̫ӵҹ¸Ϊ£
ѹ̤š
̫ӵܡСӽȰ㽫ĿͶ齱ߵĹ, ӣ
󵨣С˶̫, Լʲôˣ巷, Ҫ, 㵽
Сӵģū澲ң̫ӵˡ
̫ӵⷬ, Сӣʵָɣ, ôĪҪΡ
ȴδ, ԸС, ȥɡ
Թıܷ, ˷̫ӵ´Ŀ־, Сӿ˸ͷ, ſ, ֹϵţŵŲࡣ
̫ӵͼԹӲ죬һ᲻һеسȥȹӡ
һۣϣʵ̫ӵлֱ˵
Ŀضżɽ㣬˳һ㵽ײʲô
ԭΪ°̧ЦЦӣ̫ӵн֪˵ĵ
ɫ·Ǳݺ㶼鲻
΢΢һЦ˾鰸ֻ֤ݣ顣
㡪巳ױŭǰ齱߱ƽ
ü̫ӵ£侲һ㡣
䣬己Ȼ̧סǽ޳Ĳһ赽ϡ
˲䴫һ춯Ѹײڶ֮һŴ壬ֹСͽܳ
ࡢɫвյ֣һٶ㣬ʶô¾Ĵ
̫ӵ¡ŲҲѵطлú˵
ۼ׵ɫǳƯķۺ죬ʩͷսˣ˵¾ô㣬ǲǾһ˰ˣ
ŲȻЦҡˣɱ˵ͷ᳹͡ʵˡ
̶һ仰ɫ䣬òҧɿ֡
ȿȡµ˺Ų
˾ҵ÷Ǽ澵ʬ壬ִӶʬߵокιôңԶΪ㾿ǰ˵ʲô
̫ӵµ̫ˡָһеģ˾ֻǷּ鰸ʵʥϡ
Ȼ˵ǣͱ˵˾ڲʲôΪλ鵽̫ʦϣ
˳һ˷룬ʼûж⹫ȣֻܰ
õϢ˾Ȼʼеʲ̫ʦǳŶġ
ܴˣϰЩΣ̫ӵ¿Ҵˣʥǰ״ܴ˵ˣ˾ҲǷּ¡
˭巶ʱæ׷ʵ˭ڸǰ״̫ʦ
̫ӵӢѵ²𣿡ЦЦζºú룬ܴ˽˭
巷Ӧ죬ѿڶ
϶ҲϣĻ֮ˣʵѾˣ̫ӵҵ鷳硭
粻Ҫ϶ס
Ŀֱ̹̫ӵ£һ˿һ顣
κ̫ӵɫֱˣ´αӵߣʵ֪㲻֮ˡ
۽ޣ̫ӵ͡
룬⹬õˣ˹¡ٸ˭أ巿º͵ѭѭգµϴͳһССĽʲô
Ц
Ʋɣֿʼˡ
ԾϷǰһ̧סļ磬㲻ڹı㸸һžۣ㡣
ĵĹȴװƿƤӣֲţ𣿡
ȻϷԡļͷʷıֻҪһ֮Ҫʲô¶Ը㡣
δǻԡԳƣ֪̫ӵ漱ˡ
ˡ΢һףд漸ԥ̫ӵԣؿǡ
㻹ʲôһ꣬ʸܸΪ̫ӣ˭ң
ü̫ӵ£Ūˡ
ʶ֣һָԼ̨£ãǹ±ʱ俼ǡ˵ǰͷµޡ
̫ӵ·ģɢڴϵĽۣ͵³Űɡ
ܽ˱Ƶֻ̫һ
һǰһ̤ڵСظ
ˣҪί´ӺųȥˡѵײˣлҲ˵
üͷɫ棬ֻǿͬá
ˣ͵´ӺųȥС̫࣬ԼվԭأЦĿ̫ӵխСĺš
һתϵĻȻʧСӡ
ӣСٻæ˹ӣû°ɣ
ŵ̫ȫȥ䵭һȺûõĶ
Сӻǣкߺˣ̫ӾͻֱײСͽܣһ鷳
***
ȫſڴ£˫ܳȭͷŵذ壬ҧÿֱ֨֨졣
ڵӳѪ죬Ժһһ⣬Ѫǧңſס̫Ѫĳ嶯
Ϊı̫ܷ࣬Լһʱ嶯һ
ƴţֱԶȥŴӴ׻˳
ڵϴŴŬƽзӿݵ
СߣϤ̧ͫеѪȻˡ
ڿն𣬳ȥ˽
Сͽײһֱһ˫ĸ첲§סѸסΡ
ŵ˰ɣָ̧˸ĺףοûˡ
ȵľǻǿͬһֺֻݺסˡ
в˺Ҳȴڵģûܵš
սֱۣɤ΢죺
Ҳû¡Сͽδ˵ڵĵǣ⿪ЦС볤ĻͲٶ
ղ˲СµͲһҲҪ
ЦĹסԼֱۣȷſЪһ
ʱɿ˫ۣ޴ɨһȦСز
ȿȡº󣬾ɤе̧
ĿżеǴͫ
¶ϣȻһƬָۼӡѩ׵ƤϣԵôĿġ
һƬĺ쵹ӳУ·˹һ㣬鲻Խָָ⼫һ¾ļ
һ˲̵ֱɪ
ôˣСͽܵԵʵ
Ŀתǽ쾱ɤǱʲôסˡ
գգ۽ޣȻӦɵǲǲӱˣû°ʣ˶ѣ۵ġ
־͹ԭ⸱̫۴һһ£¾òɢĺۼ᷽ű̫Ӳ˰Ρ
ȻжУۿƺʪ
κκۼ·סĴôңͷôԴ
û£ˡεظСͽܵ㷽Ҳˣ̫ţҲ׶Ҫаء
̧֣סֻɰ֣ܵԼգỺĥš
úǰһִδй֣ģһܿǿһúñκһͷ
лҪ˵
οСͽ泤˰
̣ʲôڳҴˣ

̫ߵʱĻúܲҺܲҡ׼



50 ŮװԤ
, ǰάֵıƽ˾֮£ӿ
һ̫ӵӵ֮, һӦʱʱʣͬʱ˾неĵδֹͣ
˷ͷ͵æµһʱպżȻʱŻȻСͽܵǰˡ
׼Ż۰ʾ䣬ȴû뵽ٹ˶
ӺĻף¡أ̫ӵ£ÿȺ磬ٹ٣ʾʼҶ£ڼ, Ҳֹһ
Ψ߻, Գʹ乬, ĸǵοأ
乬סʮ, δ, Ȼˣ㰴ɡ̫Žô, ̾һ, Ȼ, ǺҲ̫ˡ
, ϲŭѱ, ĸʴ, һб㰴ĸ˵Ĳٰա
̫ĿȰŻʵ, ĵϣΣ
ĸС۰ͦͦѹɤصоãõĽܳ׿ˡ
ԣ̫۵ӹһ˿ɫת˲ţתһοãǷˡ
̫ߵĴŮû̫Ϊ˸ϳз𾭣ҲһЩá
ĸˣǸж۰Цȴ˹򣬡ͷһֻǧ˲ĸ󲹲ӡ
ĸӶ˸Ļ̥Ƭ̺󣬹ˡ
ص巵۳˼Ƭ̣չʵջ˵ʲôã
չæصֻҪǻʹ͵ߵ¶Ƕϲġ
ʶƵ˭ʥʹ͵Ķ
䲻ʵջ֮ߵƷΣ
չʮػصߵºТġ
ǺǡζЦһ˵Եģļ磬ߵʡĲ١
չǡ
ȻĸҪߺúȻҲܽ˿ˡɿϣ͸Զ׼ľ뵡ڲؿ⣬鱦㿴ųﱸ⣬ȥ귬ƥѪǣΪʹ͸ߵ¡
չһѸٻعػصǣϡ
***
֮ǰ乬ֹֻ˻߻ôڣô֮ʣڷӦ߻Ҫصԭλˡ
̫͵ֹģıӣ״Ҳ׷ϼֵƵĺҲʱ
̫ӵ಻鲻Ը˫۾Ŷò
̫СҲžžֱ죬ԲԿΪ߻İº󣬱Լ
ʱûģȻҪ
ǣ̶̼֮ڣֹĴ辰ֻ޳еȵȣʹ͵һ鱦
ЩȱȱΨһ΢Ȥģֻƥ뺷ĺѪ
һ㲻ԺйճƥѪ۳ؼģûﱧһԴúɽ⡣
ȻЩֻҪһẦµġ
ջķתһȦյ񣬷ˡ
пյгصһˣֱ߱ǡ
Цҡҡͷôأ
ҵĶġɫػصûҵĽգ
ʮǰûףĸֱˣÿ֮նһرСƷ³һ־˵С⡱Ʒ
һ꣬һСŷ˺ðΣʵڰ಻סȥվ̨ǰһףͦıǼմ˰װ׵ۣɰҪ
գһһִŵĳ£ջһװֵĵ⡣Ȼζе֣ȴãóԵƷ
˵Ǽ磬йԵϰߣҪڵϲһĬĬԸٴϨԸͻʵ֡
ţҲ빼ĺ⡣ӵڶʼϵԸ
ǰЩѻɽ񣬶˵Զһ鵰⻶ϲ
꣬ʲôأ߹ȥرסĸ첲
Ȥ㶼յôˣȱ񰡣
ôһأֻҪҵģһͷҲ͵Ľɽɽء
һЦʵͽܣǸͷȥ˰
ѽ˵Ÿ첲ҡҡλεˡ
ǰ͸¶ǻʲôϲԣָһСͽܵӣڴô
Ǻðɡ˱죬ת¶ЦݣҾʹһ̣ʼڴˣ
ͷֿһɳ©ʱˣûȥˡ
ʶսָ𣿡
صˣҪ
ȵ˷ʲôһ𣿡
İɣǧһȫúܡԼĸ첲תҪߡ
ȵȣæһѳס°ڣȥ㷻ɣ

ҲˣʱҪȥ¥
ꡭʳָס´ѹɤصֲʲôʵ£Ҫµȫ綼֪𣿡
ر죬ؿ
ȥ̽Ϣǹ¥εؾйѰ
ǡʯתתҲȥ
΢΢üȥʲô֣
һֱ׳ϴ˵Ҫһȥһҹеģղײգͽհɣ
ĵⲻǺô׼ܾСͽܣҵ쵽ˣ͵һССԸò
˫ֺ£գգգ޹Ĺۣ˸ڴ
˭ܾܾһֻԵСأ
̾һϴδȥʮգڹϣ治Ըðա
׵ٿȻϨ𣬺£˫ҲȥʧãҲ鷳ˡ
һתֻҪװһͲϳˡ
𣿡ͷɥĹ˲˷ܵһͷˣϲˣ
Ҳ֪̲ס𴽽ǣȸһ¸ɡ
***
˻ص¸һʱ份
ˡͬһʱ̣Ϣڵڡ
ԸǴҪ£ߵ΢׸ݰɣ¶һ֡
԰һֱ棬ÿһ֮
һߵ£ʵõ±ʲôӣ
һ˼ûʲôҪֻҪϲߵ¼ɣⷢӰɡ
У̲ס廰һ̫ǲܸһ󣡡

Сߣ㻹տأһЦĿⲻƳһۣһɫװĹŮǡ߹
Ǽ䣬Ժһ⣬ðһܴ󵨵뷨
ʱ׼ʱԼص㡣
й񣺡ˡ
šӦһ߰ɡ
вɿһĹŮɵʵǡŮ
ǳȥµģŮ϶಻㡣
ŮЦ⣬ϸأ
вãȻشƲ׵ĹŮ
СŮ޳˻߳һЩһɫװƮۣʩ֬ƫԣ־ͬʱ͸һŵȷر
һ˲ǹŮ̧ڱͫﵹӳǧӰ
лһ𣬾ȻеϤ
λգǧĪðһλγƺ
ǹŮ촽΢ǧͲʶˣ
ֻһ仰ǧʱͬһУյ⽹ۡ
һ˺üָ̧﷢£
һ·ЦڳƹЦ
ޱضһΪԹ
ȿȿȡЦûֱͼָɫȴʧܸգӶЦˣɫ
Σе߳ŭ˼ˡ
ȿȡСͽܵʾ֭ذο˵ܳɹǧƭȥˡ
ǧ
֣˵ϲЦտγԱȡ
лҪ˵
뽫СͽܴŮӺܾˣڽʵˣ
̣ôϲŮװǽһᴩ۷۵Ĺװݺݵء
裺Ůװplayţ
ͻȻᵵһαţͷСдⱾͿȤıӵһղذȺٺٺ١
ѣҪˡ
AϵϵݽףŻ磬ӣ˫ָƯһƷ
ѧסϵ611ᣬպAУ½ǳΪѡ
½һ׾ţ˿鸹ġȦˡɧţòȦǩĳɣֱУԼ
ʱ½ϰ¶ֻһֵۣؕȿ
*
611λϵˣΪ˱ʾѺã½ذ뼯塣
ֱĳ죬׶ʱ㿪һСƵö½ǵץס
ף
½ϴؽţ촩ʵʵСһ¶㿪
Щʧ䣬Ϊ˻Σֻƭ˵㲻õģʵѡ
½ǣ
*
׵ĸֻˣУݴøʪ...û¹§§ҹﻹӲҪһŴ
ףֱжദ
ٺ½סһյѹڱĴϣҧź͸Ķʣ
ף㡭ֻ㡭
⸹ڳŹղ֪
1αţͷˣα޳
2ſȭʱҴԼԼ



51 
ʱǰ
ڽס·СŮ, 㡣
СŮԣãȻмһ˿ɬ, СŲڣ񣺡кηԸ
´ۣǹûиһĹŮ
СŮһ£ߣ
ָСͽܣߵ²ߣ΢һЩҲС
СŮϸԺлһȷػصӦеġ
ܺá΢һףԸȥһǸŮĹװ
СŮϵã֮ɫԽԽǹӦȥˡ
ҪװʲôҪ˭𣿡ɺʵûش, ԼԲŮװģ
һϮɴƵķۺ칬װ, һĵ֬, ɡֽ⿪ɢȹȥ
˵أϹĻ, ʵ, ˵˭
ıѪ˲ֹסˣͷֳһͷ, ᡭǡ
ˣ˸ָ, ЦӯӯСͽ, Ȼ㴩
ͷһ˰벽, һſεСɰ, д˿, ҲҪŮװ
ϴȥɱ˳˹ʱѴ˹װ, ѳᵽж಻㣬οǸӲԲٴŮװ
ƵԼѡŶһʹڹͲô
غһ
ʹһΡгڴ͹ͦ뿴㴩װӣһܺÿ
ʮˣӵδȫЩͻأŮװӦǻƯģҲһССԸ
СͽܻʱżȻ˼ջΪ˺еģûҸж
ⲻ͵Ļ
ɲʵ桢𣿡
棡ԥصͷģһúøݣ֤˭ϲԭĿ
ǣˡ
ֲݳŮӡ
ĺƭ֮£鲻ԸػŮװױǰðݡ
·ͻȻûƲϣֻùŮǳõ֬ˮ۽иױԶԶﲻͷЧ
Ʒʱǵһ
ǲǺѿͭеĵӰŤͷҶ˵ˡ
˵ֱӴСͽܵĻĿ֮ʣ̫ˡСߣûȻʺŮװࡣ
üΪҾú֡
ʺŮװķ
˵ͼѰѵ֧֣ĺ˵أ
ޱذߵʡ

ŲڵĻᣬסСͽܵ־ſߣԼʱ쵽ˣȥǧϰɡ
ֱסһǣͨ˵磬ʱԥͲԺκظ߳ȥ
ֱ˿̣ſǧһҾ㤵ı飬ڱﲻסˣЦֱ
óƢתǧŸʲôߣ
ͷᣬҡϾߣ
˺ˡֱ˲۽Цᣬˣǳɡ
***
һ·ͨ뿪ʳǣֱ㷻ȥ
Ϥڣǧˣ³ˡ
ƿӣڿǧĲ£˳
Сߣɡغת
Գ̽׼һԾ£ȴʱֹˡ
ŮӵĹװȾװСЩ߽һ޳֣ʾСͽܷԼ
Ϊ⣬ǹԹԴģʱĲˤˡ
Сģۼֿؽ
Ŀԣ˲Զȥĵֹ͵Ȼӿ޲һӳĵϡ
ӲͷƤӣǸˡ
ٿȻɿСͽܵ߰ɡ
룬ִгһɴסСͽܵ°֣һʧˡ
һˣ㷻Ĵǰ
ŵĻһӣ˵ˡ
лλСֵܡʾ̧̤š
մӵĹ⣬Ҳ˳ţΨаŮװ⡣
λСߵĻڵ㷻дŮͣϷһ֣Сʶ·Խ˴ȥ
ɸеЦ㷻ķͦܵȻŮָ·Ϸݡ
Сֵ֪λСӾ㷻ʢ۵ġƳһۿǧ鷳λС磬иɡ
ǧյʾӻͳһӣУҼҹӷˣиɡ
ԥ⡭
Ҽҹϰ죬ġгȴ˵
һۺĬطˡ
ϣһ㷻һ䶯ȻǷ֣߾ȻһλòŮӡ
㷻ĹǶǼģŮӹ¥ټҲδšһλ¹¸ҵشͷҡ֦ͳȥˡ
ü΢ɴ෴סСͽܣһԼ
·һʱ죬һ±͵ײĻ
˱ǶһȻɤۣ
ꡭйӡ§Сͽܵļ磬ãСӵĵưɡ
Сɫһ죬δκɵϥǣӣ§øЩ
Ŀǧߵ¡ˡӣͫ־Ҳ¡
ȫ㲻ʦͽˡ
Сƣ㷻ƻĹû֮أֻܷŰĿԶȥ
ܿ죬˶¥ƾӡֱ᷿
п췿ţ𣿡
ûӦ˼£ţ
ˣлأŴ򿪣İ۶췭ȥˣҪڽӿͣ˶
Ȼֹǰһү
˼ǿǲˡǸһЦϣûдŵ㡣
תȵ˺ۣӣڻūʲô
ʶԼ§Сͽܣɿ֣Ц￴ˣλɲ㷻Ĺ
ϸϸŮӣ漴صȷʵǡ
Ƚȥ˵ɡ΢̧򢣬Ҫ߶ˡ
Ϊ˰ȫӲδֱȥķʻн飬һš
ӣȻԸһʹװ㷻Ļһȥѩֹ;ʲô⡣
ˡ᷿ûˣܿ˵̲סԹŮ治һġ
Сһڣ浾ʾƻֱӵѽһ̣˵
üͷҪ̵ʱ
ȣҪɤѧ˵㿪ڡ

Ĺĵ̧׼ȣֱӴһ¡
ѵϴεûѵҺȶ
һתʵϴηʲô°ôǵˣ
ѿڶҩ־壬ҡ
ʲôż׷ʵҩҸʲô
ʣµĻʻȥȵסѵЩƮûʲôҩ˯һ
ʱֻҲĳθСͽܸ
ȴı仯۵ףʱȾ糺Ķڰڵ͡
ԼĪһĹͿǧŻˡ
ӹţϸһֽճ˻ҽ
ϣӣ¶ˣӽҹ𣿡
ƳһСͽܣЦЦػصͲ˰ɣҹޣСӸסأ
ԣƿƤӣζ
ӣ۲ת䣬̲סԵӣλСӾǺιϵѽ
Ĵ𣬺Цʵأ
üʵūҲ²͸вѰĹϵѵλСүԴ𣿡
һʶ³ܵ۽ޣڵס۵׵ɫ
Դף΢һüЩ⣬ʲôף
ʼ磬ʾǹǸ˼ѽ
ʲôҡҡȣΪСү˾ʦͽϵͽܣСүܻԴףǹֳԴס
ͬҡҡͷ㷻Ŀ棬Լῴۡ
λɰСүǰżŨҵռ˶࿴˹һۣͺ޲ȥҧˡ
һֻ޺Ĺһͷ˲¹ͷǣֻͷĿǰδ
뵽ӣѵӣɱλСͽܣá
ʱһԵСӣȻתĳĿֱֱײס
һǣ类һĶɴ˸ʱ
ʱȴСͽɤӷЦˣЦֱſϣСӡδ̫ɰ˹
̫ɰˣôԵСͽܣŮװʹŮװѧŮ˵ѧŮ˵ԵĶˡ
ջεؿ
һԵĿ䲻ЦʲôظЦ
ǸµѳҲǿﴽǡ
лҪ˵
Уɰ
Ҫ֡
̣˵ʲôٴһ㣿
һ㱻Ӱˣඣʮ˲ɬɬԵ̫ߺ󣬻ٴʱ󷨣Ϳ˾Ϳˡ
һϲ£ɢɢϲ۸ҷ࣡



52 Ĵ
Ƭ̺, ǣٴȷϵ, ĲԸ뿪㷻𣿡
ɵū뿪㷻ȥĶأѲɡԸūң
䣬ٿֳȥһ䵶ӡ
⡭΢΢üʼ濼Ŀԡ
ūֻ빫ӿЦѣӲΪѡæ׷ӸѾˣ
ȥźӰñǰλСӡ˺ˡ
ﺬǸ⣺Ǹȷʵ಻㡣
̫Ӵ㷻˸عתۼͷһ۶Դ˱ֵʹǴ˿̽عȥ, ڶ
ūס˵, үƳȥ
ز, Ժһ֣԰, Ҳܴ, ѽ
ͻȻĿǧһʱûӦ, ãȻʲôҿԣ
, Ƚظ˵, ǹ뿪, ٷŹ, ΪΣ
¶ɫ, , ҵҪ֪Ҵ¥˸ȥ϶ҵȵģ
ԣϵһ˿ϲɫʧӰ١
δٿڣȻصүūҲпԭӲǿơ
˵ǫĻ΢̧͸һɾǿͽ
Ҳ˼ⷬһϴҲԾ챿ؽ͵Ҽҽϣҵ񡪡
ˣ˵ˡĻǸҿǲܣĪ֡
ЦЦǺģǲʶô֮ˣ
ǰϽʣӣ㷻ĴţŵԸУعڸ
ΪҪɶͷԣɲ²ѵǡֹǣ
бһۣ䵭㲻ԸȥǾֻȫ
ûκԱĳ룬縡ƼƮҡκ˶ء
Ȼǽҵ㷻̫ӵҲᷢȫ׼Էһǵš
вʵʲôΣգ
ôϻ޿̵
һ飬Ȼվֱ壬ػصǣ
Ȼߵµװʲôɫ˶Եµݳ̶ȣһ֮ܵˡ
ֽ忿˲ɰ°ˣҹҹ˰ɣ
΢ⶺСͽܣôɤ˵ˣֿɰ
ϳβɴסǰߣͻز˹ˡ
***
ʢҹУһַǷ
ֵԹʽĵƻͨƹ۳һ貵Ǻӣֵ˼̻
ӣƷҼ̷ߺַζСԵ̯СƮʳζ
·̯ϣȾƻȭˮˡˮ֣ͨƿСһʫĳ
ԼôҲǼˣеСͽܣǵһγȺУͬձųӵСųĴ
ʮˣͯδ溬Ц⣬Сͽ
ҪƬ̺ˮС̯ǰ
̯ЦӭӿˣµСһڣͱǺͳȫһ
ҼСӣɤЩЦָˮʵʲô
ŶŶŶбѩԪӡ̯ؽܵǻƶɰģرʣҪ𣿡
ЦһݰɣǮ
̯ɴػصʮǮ
תȥԼʣµӶˣȻŤͷĿǧУ㻹Ǯ𣿡
УС
㡣Ư֣ЦӯӯСҪˮء
ֻʵʵؽºɰЩֹⲻǮ庢
Ǯ̯һѩԪӵݸˣߣó»
ӹˮȲҨһУһӱ졣
ЦԹӣЩԣû˸
ӦĿڸгˣһȥˬʣҨһףյߣܺóԣ
΢΢ҾͲˡ
ʱüͷң
ûС
ðɣʵһģȽעظһ㲻˹ò;ߡ
ִŵؾӣĿ΢ͳһ
εЭˣſ˫ӹѩԪӣҲֱ
ˣüҧഥӣʵó𣿡
šܵصͷȥİɡ
Ǻ«ִıǺ«Ǻ«ݰѼӴСߺԽԽ
ԱǺ«𣿡˳Сͽܵ䣬ͳСԣûԹǺ«ͯ꣬ǲġ
óˮĿڿȸɢıǺ«ϣͷԳԳԣ
ǰͬСǺ«һݸСͽܣһݸ˿ǧ
㶵ؽӹǺ«𣿡
һ˰ЦŻصֿСͽܣòóԣ
ͮͮĹӺϲ죬渲һǽһֽǩٵǰҲԡ
أûٶ㣬ֱҧסһŹӡ
£ܴСͽܵĻԡ
˼ǰߣ׼ҵط³еɽѣȴСͽܵ
ɡ⣬·һĶһӡ
ǧŲһ٣ĵɣ
һ̣ȻȻشףɽġ
У
ǰʦͽ˲ûиоκβףƵֵҹĴϹ䡣
ӣһΰɣ·ιҼ̯ʱ̯ߺȵСӳúÿβϰ
һҪߣȴס˽Ų
Сӱѽ§Сͽܵļ磬Ц٩ʲôÿΣֲǲ㡣
ֻò鲻Ը̯ͣǰѡιҼ
һֻ䷢ת.Сӵķ䣬Ϊ⣬ÿ
һ˫ķϿ˳ҪȴһգҪҹϷֶΣȥ
Цȡ˹һԵĺߣסiݣϵó𣿡
Ȼߵһǣķ·شݺһ¡
վжӣֳױ·ֻʣˡ
ʧ룬ǰһĻ϶
ôÿСͽһ겻ģĵطߣȥط
ƺδعһ·ǰߣֱǰһš
죬פ㣬Ȼµҹ
ʯţЪϢȻˣҹ;طŷŷ磬ȲŻȥ
һζ᲻ûȥˣױ乬еСͽܣһڵɣҹȫһΡ
ⲻ֪ҹеķ羰ãУҲ֮һ
ϴһ磬ۼطֲԶ˵Сڴ˵Ⱥȥȥ
ʱʶһߣϴʱһ׷ֵСֱֱײ
޷£ײһᣬδüԾȣֻһǱһֻּʱסˡ
СġһɤİĿע·ͻȻˡ
СߣѸٻӳȴһӢ۾Ļ档
Ȼȵȫ飬üĽ壬ȵ֣
һķſ֡
һ˲㲻ܿƵⷭȥ

лҪ˵
̣ȻҵĿˮһգҪͿȫ(ݺ)
ûˣ侲
УӦڳףӦ
³ɫǸյģС߶ûиףĹ



53 侳
˵ʱʱ, Ѹǰȥȴһ, һƬ½Ƕûץס
˲ͣͣٿȻعҪˡ
ʯ˵߲ߣһСͽͷˤȥˤҲˤɲм
û¡ʱºȻһϤɤ
Ųһ٣һƵĹ˻ƣȻСͽסأŬͷû£
˵, ־ȥСͽ, Ϊ̫С, ʹ˾ţ֮Ҳûܰ
ػعͷ, һվľ׮ӵ, άǣλӣæ𣿡
ӿ첽߽, 
ܿ, ˺С
صĵһӦ, ˦ӵ, ¶鼫ΪӶ
һ, Լǲð, תۼȴ˽¹ӻ, дܾȺ硣
뷽Ŷü۵ģȻ졣
ס½ֿˣΪˡ
γǱһСͽܵĺףοûˣû˰
§СͽܣĿƳӣллӳȡ
ЦЦ֮Ͷѣعҳݡ
˼δлλĳĹӣǧĴɤţӣû°ɣ
бԶԶǣȴߵ²Сķʯţæ
ް΢΢λӡˣδ̹մ
֣жһʱתΪϲȻ֣ɲ鰡
ӹЦ͵ܣΥˡ
ԭǾʶüһȻˣһ£
ˣλִַ˵ĵӡػ֣ܵλˡ
ֳַʱ￩һ£֡
Ȼ͵̫ˣ褼ɡ

褣־ݵĵӣԭ˫֮һԭʱߣʱδѡ볯Ϊ٣ı˾֮λҲԼˡ
ǰӣ忡ɢֵ͵ʣֲɽ¶ˮ֮ˣʵڣǶıԭ޼
Ժеͷתǧأȴʼյˮ©ͿԵʶֹ־ҵˣӦ磬ר̴лֹӡ
ŮװСͽڳҪúûһԭֹСͽܲС¶ڶֻա
Ļ֮ƵػصշԵԻۡ
ʹ˴򽻵ٶȸǣ§ŻС¹š
Ҳæֵ֣ջйپۣ
ԭأ΢΢ЦĿ뿪
***
عϣκģƮƮȻ·ƶˡ
ϣԼˣ
һץˣĥȥϲ
СͽͻȻıһ£ôˣ
ûʲôǺϲѽһеˣֵݵߣ
뿪ҹ֮ǰҵ˵С̯ӣʦһֻɰС͸Сͽܡ
Сͽ⣬˵㿴СɰѽһϲСͽ̾ͻϲؽӹˣһ·Ƶϣðβһڡ
һˣػɫòˣһֻմǽе㲻ֱӡ
ΪչСͽܵģǵͷһСԴ
̺һջȥʱʶ򴽽ǣһʱˣܿư֣ĴָסŴʪĴꡣ
ţƿ۽ޣһ۵׸һ˿ɡ
γѣջ֣ΰ͵촽մǽˣһ
֣ϺմøһЩ
ƿԣɴཫմǽָУӱļ׷ʡ
ʲһ˲䣬ħ뽫ָ˫䣬ͺǸİˣ
ˣӲһɡַˣͳһݸСͽܡ
ӹӣĬһһָճʪ
йһ·޶໰ЩڿϣС
˳ʻʳǣﶫʱ³лع
ȴСͽܻ¸󣬰ȥŮװû·ѲߵĽ
ߺˣҹڴ߶Զһȣεͣ½Ų
иصڴˣָӿɿˣ
ҹصֵһ˵ˣƨƨߵ˹Ҿԭˣ۲ʶ̩ɽˣ
ͬΪָʹһǽָʹһǽָʹôݰ˭յʵȨ󣬻װ׵ġ
ο˳簸һδᣬʼһŵĸ
ݴ˿ˡֻ񣬡³һˣ·ϲˣŻصЩ
˹æ񰡣˵˵ţԾĹŮ
ҹɫʣɴĹŮһʵĹΣüĿĺģ
ǸͷЩ
ݴ˸ࡣţ¶ɫƫӣڵסСͽܵߡ
شɫлعŵʵˣһ䣬˳İӽչˣ
صݴôˣ˾İӣ
Ҿ͡Ҿһʹװɵ㶣ͼƨ׽ߵ˵˰참Ÿее档
ײüô
԰Сͽܺʱߵôˣ
׷ʣȴһֻקקСͽɴ
ڸǣݴ˼Ѳ߰ɣʱˣҾȻعˡ
úúãߣڨЦˣĿⲻĵ׷Ƿ˵ıӰ
ⲻ֪˿̵ٲȻɱġ
Ȼǰ¶Ϣ
***
ص¸Сͽжױ·Ĺװ
һɫ£СƵڴϴڻˣٴһҾҪˣ
ϣȡЦСͽܣŮװˮһҲǿ
һͦϰߵ֪۸ң
ҹôǣѽسŶ࣬㣬㻹˵۸㣬ûĵСӡ
С֪͸ģʱӴűߣϥǣҴˣˡ
šӦһ䲻ʵָʲôʱģ
һ£Ӧػص̫һҳڳٹ߶ż̫Ҷ׽ϣҲòܷ
ԭˡ˼ϿĽֶͣ˳һĳЩǧ˿ƵĹϵͬЩ
ᵽɤ۵ķŻȥղ˲˳ӵӦã
ʱ̫˴ޣȻƣûٸСͽܻسֹˡ
ڵϣշת˯š
ҹ﷢һĻĻưԺвϷ֪˶ãŻƤӡ
һ˯ֽϤξ
ĲɾһһţȺһ˿ؼڴ
֣ܿεξҪºࡣ
ҵϣһɿڴͷſ½󳨵ǰѵԵþװ
Ƭ̺ҧСɾµĶ⣬˵˾ʲôĶʱõѪ
ߺز˲ˣԹԵ˵ͷ
Ѹ齣ȡһĺ»صϡ
˲˷ʲô
ѵ
ϣǵػȥһͿ£ǳ͸ĺɴһһ㴩ϡ
岻öʵԽԽأȴֻһƬɫ㡭
ħˣŮװģҹﾹȻݵΡ
ǰζҪ˳ö࣬˷ȥذŪֻǿǻɿ
ͻȻ䣬ǰһڣٶʱž
Ȼʱվڵ룬Ŀжˤ˸ϡ顣
ңңԼŭͬסҰޣʹʳǣʢһֻҲ׼ɳȥ
ͷսս˳ȥֺݺһק˲׹Ķһһҧгݵƭҡƭң
ʹĺƺȻ˫
һ˲һֻϴ᲻صһţʲô
һ˫һ˯ʣ˵Ҵ򰡣羹ֱ
ѹûһµסСţ̬ȳϿҵϴҴˣ
лҪ˵
ʦصСͽܣô
̣جоѣemoҪŬء
ϸĩ೵ף˽ڿѽûһ(bushi)
˽ٷһǣ¾Ҫʼ߾鵶(ǵ˰ע⣡)



54 ǧ𲻻
պ, ߻ӵڶ
һ磬һ˫, ɾ´ϴ£Ȳȥ¸Ҫ
ߵδ߳ڻͨ£ˡ
ڵͫʱŷ⣬첽ӭȥ
һ̤ţƼŴ۵Сͽܣɷĵؿ޵һʵɡ
ƽϰߴ׾װǵ͵ĺɫ۷էһϾ´ĺɫ, ĵ޳, ͦ, һʡ
գһʢ, Ʋס, Ҫֵȥ𣿡
ʱƭ㣿Ц, ͵Ŀв˼ο
ű߹ȥСͽ, ڳ˷绪ï, Ըǲκ, еĳɾ͸вνǿ
Ŀע, ѵԳֺ, ּ͵ǰ, Ҫʲô¿˵˰ɣ
㼱ġСҪģ
ŲˣɢڴͲҪ
ˡЦӯӯСͽܣ
ģƹԹԵȴƵСƨɺǳβͣӦҲҡ
ÿɰԻͳһöƯĵ񻨵κУСͽġ
ʲôջ֣಻סĵĺѸٴˡ
һöʵϳ˵֬׹ӳӨף֬͵ĹС
ǰ̫ȥ㣬żµסַɡ͵ס˵Ե֮ˣסָö׹˹⡣
ֱ㶵ضе׹ԼԼһֺϤĸо
񡭡
һģһ׹
ǳ˵ԣϣԸˣΪȡ׹ִСͽ޳ľϣȻ£ȿ˹á
˵ʵΪһΨߣŷң˵ſ˹׹ԱСͽܣ˵һС
ϵö׹ڷǰƣоԸСͽܽһ˳죬ؾܿѣҲɱ
׹ǰļԾ˲ٿȻع
ϲ𣿡֣һ
ϲԥػصֻҪҵĶҶϲҪ
ö׹ѵһ֬񣬸Ϊķ׹ȫ½һöǧҲ
ҿҪ΢䣬ԺˣҲǸ룬㡣
ʲôɫȻһ䣬ʶץסĸ첲ΪβڣҪȥĶ
һʱõҲɨСͽܵˣڷֻܵǴȷּ참߻ı̽ףżܻзֿʱ
סĺɫأ´ΡҪˡ
һСͽܱиˣÿһᵽ뿪ۣᷴӦȡ
ŻΪ̫СٳһЩϵĻʵۣԼ޶ҵӦͲˡ
˼ˣСͽܵգЦʮˣѰ˼ҵôСܴˣôѽ
ǱˣҰ˳䣬ҲŲҪܴ͵СֻҪ
һЦ̧˳˳꽩ֱļӦãСǣһ˵㡣
***
ʱ䲻֪ţɽʱһǰٹ
߻ӵ״磬̫ڳٹ磬ۣɻӣȱϯྡ硣
Ϊ˱ӣյ裬Ųٹȥˡ
Ȼ˹ۣǵһλ
̫밲ÿۣ
˰̫ŽյС˵תȰգǼ磬ؾ
л̫ֳ˰ݣݼλ͵¡
˲ض񡣡һƬУʾãˣɡ
΢һף
ǰ𱰾࣬ǰճ׾Ҳ࣬µĿλֻ߻һλá
۹۱ǹĵǳȲ裬ϴһɤǱ˾ˣ
һεİꡣ
߻ӽһ꣬ĸһλûдڸеһλ
ɣļƵԺˣֹĹһڴӺķС׶׸˴Ӻʵۡ
Ϊݵԣ빬󣬹۳ٳٲԸãȴû뵽һ⣬ӡ˺㾡ȫĸӶ˵ĴڸУô꣬ڹеҲǰȡ
΢΢һЦң
˵참ؼǡ˵һ룬ʶ̧ľֽʣµĻ˻ȥ
׷ʵؼʲô
Ŀ㣬֧֧ػصûʲô
ʱ⴫̫ϳͨʥϼݵ
̫𣬶̤Ĺʰ
ۻ˻֣㣺ɡ
˳ƻصԼλϡ
ʱɫø첲ļ磬Ͷɻߣµضˣһ˰ģ
аСͽǡ
Ҫʼͬݼ
ϯʽʼĹ룬ŵطۻҵʳһʳɫζȫЩʳĸˮ½ؼӼģΪ
ЩˣϲڣͲȶӣõȻϷǰԡ
ߵҲѵһεļ硣۸λɨһȦˣٻǵеЩˣ޺Щûˡ
ϯѻȸû˸ҳϻ˵ǸԼ
Ҳ¾˻ϡװ˿ѣֹߵֻг檲֪ǳͲס˼ŴŻϡ
й֮λîŻľһڻǰԼһ׼ͺݺݲһš
ɫһ𣿡
˵ǣȷӰϵ塣ӵĸׯׯؿڵһ尲ҲǷˡ
ɻ˵岻ãׯĻɫׯҲƳã̫ҽûкŪް

͵Լû
ˣ磬˵㿪ĵİɡ̫Ｐʱ˻ͷյʲôϲģ˵ĸ
̧ȷʵյ˺ܶϲǸ͵ƥѪ
̫ϵЦ΢΢һ˲
Ǹʶġͬʱü΢͵ƥҵĺܣɻԦס
ظʵĻŬѵУżʱգԦƥ⡣ػػƬּ̺ͬϲģĸ͵ֻġ
̫΢ȣģĸ𣿡
䱦ϡ棬ĸ͵ֻĲϡءЦеػصĿɴúܣս˵Ȥƶϲ
ԣ̫ЦҡҡͷȰѽ龫ֵġ
ʵأʲô񣿡
̫ӵʱ鲻Ըǻһڻػͳһһ
ԷЦû֣̫ӵԼӲҪ
Ѳɣ̫ӵΪǹߵյ񹻲ࣿ
氡
˼ţȻ䣬еزжĴȡ
һԶ˶㣬Сͽܵһֻ֣ӳ£治صس˹
̧ƤӣߵΣ۽ⶼƳһ¡
лҪ˵
ʼֿʼݼ
̣һ˵͵.飬ô̼
Ԫڿ֣۷ףǿԲԲ
۲ͺȵеͷˣؼҴĵд˰죬дˣƷԼ˹



55 §ס
ɫһŲŲ, ҵڴСͽܣֻİסҵֱơ
, һץס֣Ĵָָڻڴİ̺ĥ䡣
һĵڹ׵ٿشֱ᲻صСͽһ¡
µֻֽһžƫƫȻΣ˿һߡ
̫ӳֺܴ󷽰ᣬ̫ӵĺ񣬲̲ػһ䡣
巶پԣæȵţһθߵܹܸ¡Щ, ʹضı͸ߵ񡣡
۲һת, ӻ檼ǵ, һֱջʥīѰǸʧġīͼ, û뵽̫ӵ, ҲһԵѽ
һ⣬һá
ǰ, ֳֿǴ󷽡ӼϽ, ˵Ǹǰʥ޵ġīͼ, ʧѾ, ޼, ֲ͸¶һ, ǴӺδĵֻ
Ŀ⾯Ƴһ, ɫ͵˻ʵԵɺϣ˽˻ƷʦԭƷ
԰ߣٸ˵˲ʣ˼ãį֮̄࣬Ϊ׵
ԼС̣һ£ǧһǰʥġīͼһϺõݺ˿ʯ⣬һʹͽ˳ֹ
û뵽Ūɳ׾շĸҵĻᡣ
ԭϲʥīʱڵöûʲôֻƷζձ軨׷𣬽⸱īͼ׸ʣʡö
ɫͻҲºѵТģʱ˰ա
巴Դҧһݡ
̫ӵµǰ֮ٱʱ˲١
ѾСͽܽϾ׽סԼ֣ϵһƤ챻ĥˡ
أһȦۺȻߵʦ׼ʲô񣿡
ûԼ֣Сͽ˳ӵɿ
صػϵĻ΢Ǹˣߵ»ƽ޳С
׵ǲףõϵıǺ񡣡ζЦֻ޲ˣ޶ƴ֡
⻰ɷ΢ˡҲЦٵⶼ΢ƽʡԼãʡġ
۴Цߣʦ㰡
̧ޱ˵ǣлʡҵ񡣡

һӿ󣬹ʽ磬Զˡ
ȴžƱǰʼһ־ơ
һʣڶĸǰ
רӣ̧
Ɑƣڵһ˲˲סٱЦ֮û
ڵ˽֮ʧˡ
ڣ˶Ϊߵ´˾ӣ䲻ν
ȻֻԼصС
αװ״ϣظˣԣҪĴڡ
գգ۽ޣܿ췴ӦƱһƽػصߵˡ
򢣬ͬ
ˣԼλϰɡ۵˵˵ĪգҲǸһ̨¡
***
ԼĪʱ󣬹аڼݻع
һߣҲסˣίߣԪΪףɰ̫ˡ
ԪǰĿϣһ֣޺ۼ뿪˳ٹ
ϣ۽ƳһۣӱСͽܡ
ҹ˺üƣװ۵ձúͨͨģͲҲһƬذżֵ˵ʲôĻ
̫ӵɫ̫Ҳ˵ʲôɴһסĸ첲ߣлҪ˵
֣ʲôҪ˵𣿡ȴ֣ƤЦⲻЦ˵ˣֵܼҪȵġ
硢磬ǱˣͷɵЦźǶҵĸ磡
̽ϰʵأ
ЦǶǡ

üһø绹ͦࣿ
ۼԽԽң̫ɤ
ĸλ֣ĵߵ̫ǰ񣬡лĸΪҲ١ٰ磡нգȫȫĸ
úӣֻҪ㿪ģĸ㲻æһ̫ĿͰˣЩȥЪϢɡ
̫Ͼʹˣܲ˳ĳ֣ʣµĻǷ׷ˣˮ㣬Ҳ˳˴
߻öᣬƫƫ˲ֻؿСͽһһ£һĶᵽɤˡ
ߵܣȥɡ׼ʱסֱֱ˵߻ӣαعĵ
վһԵһѲסһֻ첲ǰȥΣյģҺɣ
̫ӵվڲԶɫõˮֽܿĿͶ
̫ӵ¡񣬵ʵкηԸ
Դϴ̸󣬱˾Բ̫ʦĵڼУӣδ鵽κõĶ
뵽巼һЦݣûʲôֻͻȻ𣬽ҹδ˺һ
ֱǸˣ̫ӵ¼¡
ްգµϣ˵ȼҲ١
΢΢һЦá
ʱ˻һʲôĴأָǣڴ
Ц̫ӵģһġ񡣡
ֻݴ̫ӵ¾޸ܣһˡ
ʾһ䣬ȴһˣҪͣԼԣ
ʶԴֻСͽӲƿλӣҡҡλεߡ
̫ӵһ˿⣬СͣðˤʡҪڸʺͻĸǰϷ
ʱȸˡջƵظˣ̫ӵҲЩعϢɡ
˵գҲ̫ӵ¼µĻᣬת߽ҹɫС
***
ң¸볤ֹͬһԶظСͽһ·ĵʱóǰ˵׼
ԽԽòԾСͽߵľͨ乬·
ɷ˽ŲֱСͽһͷײ乬Ĵţ顱һ죬һ
Ȼƿź󣬾ббسȥˣһ߿š
˯ԹȻоѣֵ򱳶ɫĸߴӰ㡭˭
Ӻ﷢ŹֵЦĸֲϵˣѵ
һһǰߣ̾ϢʵӣҺóԺúȵعĸĸĲΪּˣ
㡭ԹǾѵõѣ㡢ʲô
ӵĸ׵աͣǰǶӵӵȻĸ
Թ鷳ץץͷðκ󣬲żɬػص㡢ˣ͵ҡ˰ɡ
̫ˣƽǷһЩ˻˵ʱЩᡣ
Цˣ˵Ļȴ˲ĸ֪СʱȷͲȥ
ܾǵʱܾǵİʱص乬ͼѰοȴֻõݺݼƣĶʱ֮գĸȴķ¶Ҫͬھʱ
˲䣬ԹȻкûһΪʲôĸɴȥأ
һ͸жˣһҹ˵ĸԣʪı춼ɵ˯еĸϣĶӡ
ĸûʱὫϥϽʶ֣ᳪһԹֺӺ˯׷ˣżжݵѣǰ˵Բ
׿ϣԼȥԹһĿ˸̧ͷİϤ촽£㡭ɱҰɡ
ĿŵضһͷҹݷҰǣһԡ
ȥ¼һ飬Դ
һˣڳȫȫİʲôζҲΪһ˵ӵͷҡβ
һղ㸸ʡͲᡢ㡭׷½ġԹϻǵ۾ͬһ꽫Ŀľ乬ֹӣĸҲˡ
Į·һľ޸еĻˣأһһӻгһѩĵ
Сߣһ˲⴫һϤɤŽź͵ǡ
ͬһʱ̣Ѹײڶ֮ƣȻתſڡ
ɫ£վڵſڣƺһ·ܹģؿشСߣû°ɣ
Сͽܽȥ̫ˣſڽŲԺвɸֳԹ¾ȳСһĻ󵽵̲סɱ
ûӦۿۿɼٶȳѪ죬һأǵӰȥ
̶̵ļ룬ȴѵʬɽ𺣵ĵ̤չĵ˼䡣
ûȣʶչ˫ۣνסԽꡣ
ȥÿһһ
ͳ΢Ƶɤһ˿սĿǻͬίĺͯڻصůεĻֻ뾡طһ
ļ΢΢˲ֽ̧§סеꡣ
лҪ˵
ᣬСͽǰҵǵ裿
̣ҵţ



56 ̫ӵ
», ϸϸŻֽ꣬ĿͶڴϵĹ
Դ߻ֹ, δع乬ʱ̶乬Щۿ˵͵ĹǣҲĿŵ˿۳ԴöȣСźŷ
£乬Ļ˸ƣ
ɸеᣬĸһһκҪӣСͽܻ̲סĸ
Ҳõĸ׵һףֻֻǵ˼żѵĸ֮, һӵ
Ϥľ, սȦס˫, Һܡ
ԣû, ûˡϸСͽܵĺ, ϵοѾ, Ҳ˺ˡ
׷˺, Բʲô, ŻСͽġ
ԹľȻ, ֱֱӵһ, ⧲ַɱңɱҰ
˻ڿյ乬л, ͷƤһ, ʶסСͽܣȥ·
ɱңɱҰһŵʲô尡ԹûйǣֻǱԼͷƴǽײɣҲŹ㰡
ɣǹ۵ĴѪ·Ҫҧһ⡣
һʱò׼軹Ǽٷ裬ˡײǽʵľ
ԥƵСͽܿſ򣬡ȥĸŪΡ
һץס䣬ۿǧҪ˵ջǹԹɿ֡
첽ǰͼǿнײǽĹ
Ȼ˷Թʹţ֮ҲƲסôһӯB
Թ˲Ǳ˵˾ֹѨֹͣŤ
㲻ɱ𣿡˾һɱˣȥĶһʮԩ꣬Ϊζûܴǵĳˣ
Թءһ£ڴϣصߣǲТŮǡŮ͵
ۿųȥܰ·𣿡˵ųɿ֣乬ȥʬ嶼գĸ𣿡
⻰ȫԹţſڴϼޣȫеҶ
ȷٷת߻صſڡ
СͽǣſͷԵڷһгš
ȥɡַסȥ
ãջߣǣ𴽽ǳЦЦһȥ
ֻЦǱȿ޻Ҫѿ
ʦͽ˾ɫسֹ
һ·ϣֻ֣ǾƾˣӶѹϡ
سСͽܣò׽˲޵ûŴ齣㱻СɽƵѹ˱
̧ƵԼţȴ̵ɪһ£ֻܺشСߣ˯òã
һƬ̺󣬶ϴȵĺֱ˯˹ȥ

һʱЦãСͽܽҹʲôɴţȻ
κڻ˫§סԵļ米ת˸Ȧ˵˳
׼ŵسʱµٿȻ˫
Ŀԣ˵֣ĪЩţǸҲǡֻȥ
һգգףƽֿʵԶһ𣿡
˫ʯͫһ׵Уӵܽ궼ȥħ
Ծһ£صͽܣϣûܳŵԶһ̣ߡ
ΪСͽܻɰ׷ʵףֻǾ±
˲һС齡
ԡûԡˣ˶ˮšʪӣСͽܲ˲֡
ԹԵزϣ޳һţ׼뿪һǣͻȻסѩϸ
ͽ˫գ˵λ૵ͽҰɡ
Ϣ̾һڣӦã㡣
ڴ齵һ£ѧƣԸ첲ŲԶԡ
˯ɡ֣Сͽܵĸ첲ء
Լһ̣롪
־һΡ
***
պֵ˸糯ӡ
̫͵ڣ۸ϣɺٹࡣ
ڸչһı粵󣬱ƮƮһ仰˻ȥݵĳš
չһ࣬࣬˳ʱԺʷԶУְݵϣбࡣ
ۿһۣᯰкҪࣿ
Ҫ̫ӵ£ˣޣʷصڴڡ
һæУԩ
ʸųУ̫ӵڳпѰʷĪҪѪˣ
ûѪˣ̫ӵԶ˿壬ʶλ÷ŮǷ㷻
һȻλ̲ס˽
üһ壬Ŀɨһ·ָʹ
ڵǰûκηӦƺڷһж޹ء
Ůڶ࣬ǳںδ²ס񣬳صҹæ游ʷǣпչܵССϣ
áԶͳ£ͳһŻһʵݣϣ㷻ǵĹʣ˵һλĹ㷻ĳͣӵĻ񡣡
չæӹ˫ֳʸۡ
Ƭ̺󣬹ɫڵؽһţžһҵ̫ϣһæ޷ǰ޷Ƿֵ˻ﰡ
̫ӵĶҼֽţ֪޿ɽƱ磬ģϢŭǶһʱͿ
ʱɷܳУֱӹʷʷǴӺδϢĪʷԼϲҤӣ׽
ԶŲæػصϣɷ㷻ĳ͡
һʱôӵۣµ᯴ĪҪѪˣϣǻĹݰ
Զ˵ǰղȢ˵߷пչҤӣʱ侫Ĺ䣬ʵ
ײ䴽ǡ
㡪ÿҪȥϣʷƽ΢ЩСĦ˴ηǹ˽𣡻
۳ޱ죡
ʷ쵯ٹ٣ӵĶĿͣԵ޷粻ˣ֮ǰ˾ϱ㷻һ£۴˿ȻŲɡ
Ȼ㷻ķÿϣֻ̫ӵºͷˡԶִͳһ£Ŀ
䣬⼸λسɫҲˣ̲ס¶ֻı顣
۽ɨһۣմŭƣȿȡ
ŭģηֿȵþ춯أŵչæǰϢŭҪ
Ӻϲֹˣ¥ҤʢУⲢʵ̳͢س˵Ϊ仹漰һ̫ӡ
˷᯴˼˺ƴ֮⣬̫ӵ޷֮ʣ¼ûΣ֨
Ҳʶʷб˵̫ӵһʱ;ϳ̵޷Ϸ̫ӱ˼ϳ뷣ٺ»
Ϊ뱣̫ӵ£׷Źǣ
ϣбࡣϷˣسаݵ
巹ڵϣһ⣬漴Ұο˶׼Ϊ˵飬ϾѾͳһսߣ˩һϵˡ
ֹסԣɫѿҪӺＷһ֣ࡣ
౾ʵϿɻǵãǰӿƿһ
üͷ壺˰Ѿˣ
ٲӵ¹ʣҪ̫ӵ¿ƿӪ˽סҳ֮
лҪ˵
̫Ҫз˹
б˵˵ʱһ¾͹ȥˣСǼȴԲ⣬Դӱʾлл㰡



57 źҰ
̫͵, š
̫ӵ¶ϡˡһȻ̧ͷ, ŭԩ޳Ϊҥܰ£
̫ʦ༤վˣ ֮ϣʥǰĪҪſڴƻƣ 
̩Ȼػصҥ֤ܰȷ䣬жϡ
˵գ㽫׼õѪĹʣһʵǰ
ɫõīһѴչ״
ּƿһδ룬˰Ļʹ, ̫ӵ¡ʹ, һһ, ӹԹʮ, ָ̫ܶʹ, ڿƿܻ¸Ӫ˽ס
ϣ̩, ӷ, ޿ˡ, ضǹǽ, ⹹ݶ, ֮, 򲻿Ű
ǰ˾һ鴦һʮλлߵĽʿ, ʮһλδ¶붫ǧ˿Ƶϵݲȵؼ΢׽©֮㣬ϼʺ༴ɴס
£巳׻ˣϥǰʣԩģԩʣ
߬Ѫ״ֶڶ̫㡭㾹ҿȿȿȡ
Ƶظһ⣬ְԱɷܣ̩˾·붫˽С
ۺȻϣȿȿȡ
һˣڷʷϵļϣ޹ᣬһĿȻ
ʱĬԵٸվסˣǰ֮λ޴ǣ׮׮ɺϣݺ̫ӵ£
ٸ˼ǣǰ飬ǰɣʮһλʿȥİۣǱͳһھݺ
˶٣ʵˣĿǰṩĽ֤֤أ
֤ô֤ȻҪȥˡ΢΢һЦּ֣˾ǰѲ֤
󵨣ڵǰһü۵˵Ѿѵģ
ڴƽ̫ʦȻ˵Ѿѵģʥϡ
ܴˣҪʥϵ𣿡Զȥˣָ
ָ᯴˵ı⡪
ס죡ŭɶشһһ˲㽫ֱߵĲյݺݳȥ
ءһ죬յ̫ӵǰըƬƬɽϣʱ˺üӣѪֱȴһҶ
һǰδеĿ־循ţͷĺǱʯסˣüΪѡ
ŭҲֻı飬ֵشͷȥ
ˣһֻֽסη֣̫Ӵȥϼӿܣκ˲ÿ
ʣȻ񣬷ֱͷԩʣһжǼݺģһҪŶ
ƾףᵳӪ˽һأ˿ֻҧأܳϡ
֪ȥȻĬȥ̫顣
ɤӶˣȥ
ǰѸǰǿн̫ӵµĹñ£Ѻȥ
ϣµļλˣǷ񵱳ã
£ϷŲף޾Ͳˣǻܰ޷ˣ
ǰٶӿ룬֮Ѻȥ
ؿھָ˴
ٹǹսսˡ
չŹߣһ߿һߺȿȿȡ㵥鷿ޣ
ǣϣӦƽĿͻ뿪
ֻʣĹԱδ룬ת̤ȴһֻץס˸첲
ٸ΢΢Ŀкδͽ̣
Ŀŭɡ
ûдӦٸκ¡֣һУǶ²ˣĳֻб˾ְ𣬲Զˡ
ٸһɤɬʵڳϣָ̫ӵµļȷʵ֤ȷ䣿
ٸ̫ӵߵˣЩѵ𣿡ɫ£ٸѱɡ
˱ۣĳеöˣ
ĳԸţɻϻ֪𣿡Żɤٸĳָһ·
ٿȻ˫ˡǺ⣿
˰ǰ϶޷̵Ŀܣ֪֪飬ǣǱȻġ̹ӣ˾鰸ض©ٸԣ
΢𣬡Ҫҡ
ֵĳԾڴˣճ̫͵ִ˽ٸԼá
˵գٸٸĻᣬתݵ뿪˴
***
ʮģǰйϣƿ˵̫⡣˾鴦ӽᵳӪ˽ͬ죬һʱʢŭһگ
պ󣬴˰ǣɹԱ˸׳죬ַһۣʸʥϡ
޿ɱ磬گ̫巣ڽ
ˣ̫ӵ޷֮ա
ͬʱڷ̫һǣ֮㣬Ϊ˴ذҹ鷸ˣԩһˣҲŹһ©֮㡣
գڰסˣڱ˾칫ʱȻ˹ȥ
ǧŶ˰æͻ¸ֻ𼱻ǵȥ̫ҽǰΡ
̫ҽһֻӹ飬ղ͹ȣľ˹ȥֻúЪϢЩƷӣռȬ
Ǹϴ֣¹尲ΣǲҵԸ½̫ҽ̫ҽԺץҩŮСţŻ˱˾
ˣȴ͵ڴǰ飬Ϊ˶ֵǡ
ҹѶҴҸһŸ̤żһžͻһ£žડһˤſڵϡ
껹ԶأΪμŸĴ񣿡ѾˣڴͷСںҩɳЦ
ȴʹƵģһһ쫷εߣͣǰ
һ£īɢڼ󣬰Ӳһ˿Ѫɫ̺ĴҲ԰׸ѣԳһִҲ̬
һĵʱݺݵ߬סˣʹüͨͨۿ΢΢Ѹӿһʪˮ
ͽܣҪޱӰɣЦЦɵǻأҲЦߵ£
ȥȻعֺ̧ݺݲ˲ۿ
źļ˲ԣǱߵŵæˡ
ʲôҩʵǶˣźҰ
ϥڵϣ̧쳣׺ݵʵôӦҵģ
ǴδḶ֮ЩҪİү֪£㱻ŵõͣ
Щ飬Ų𴦣̫ҽƹˣûЪãҹúòձ֤һ
걡ͬһֻ˵ӣֿۿʪҪҲסˡ
ֻҪúõģֵõġ̲סˣСͽܵû°ˡ
ӦңúչԼҵġͷܶɤʣȴȻֽ˵꣬ʲôʱףκζûҪ
ҪλԼȥΪۡ
ϵΣȴԣҪĻλкã
ԣ̾ϢһλãʾСͽ
ԥط˴ԼͶϤĻʵ˫۽סһյ̰ͬƵ˱ϡ䱦ҲԸ֡
ḧݵļο̫ѱ˰ոβ㲻æµˡ
̫ӡ
˲üΪɲ
лҪ˵
ѹ˶ˣźҰ
̣֮ã֤ϴ¶ź
ڴ˱ҥУ̺Уʱ󷨲֣ǾԲ²ĺߣ
Χ@ҰȥѽŻһЩȿȿȡ



58 
ӵƬ, СͽܵĶ, Ҫˣҩûء
һɿ¡ֱۣа˳
ιȡ齣תڴأֶ˹ͷϵҩ롣
ˣԼɡ
Ҫź𣿡Ҩһҩȵص԰״ǰģұ֤ź
ε䴽ǣſڽӹСͽιҩ
, Ĺ, ʾ죺
˳ӵ, ȵָĹС
ָһ, Ѹջ, ʶ˱һָ˪ʪ⣬ֻ÷塣
С, Ȼȥ, ˯һ, ͳ׻ָˡ۽, 첻Ȱ
Ҳأʱüͷ, ⼸, Ҿ, ĶҲȥ
ЦãֲǷˣ㿴ʲô
Ȼ̫ҽúЪϢձ㲻ȥ˾΢˵ñ˾ѵͲתˣ
ǵ̸ϡһЦֻǷ̫һͷβҾ֣ܶ±Դ
ǡ
ٸگС
ס촽ϳ
Ÿʲôأ˯һ
ۺǣ壬û𣿡
θںԽԽҲԽԽξȻֱ۵εˡ
Ӧûаɡü̫ҽιüΣ˵ûʲô⣬ɡ
ԭʱ£ಡֱǧٹһС纮ҲܲãԼʾǱЩεҲ֡
չȥɢ޷ȥֹ˲ι
ʧЦϻ̫ҵǸǧ˲Σһûء
ûðԣȻطӣҵסΪʲôأ
ô룿΢ȣһʱ֪
ĵգһ̵ֱңңΪ龫ǣ
κ֯ԣЩԼԸġ
һһϢ
ǲǵǰ˵ҴӲⱾԵļ磬Ҳһ󵽵ΪΣʱˣͻ֪
̧
ƽҶãΪãرҵģѾ㹻ˡܻƵĿ⣬ŬĵĸУĳıȷ˽ĵģ˵𣿡
úصص˵ͷ
һСͽܵͷͼصգ˵ˣرӻأ㼱ʲô
¶Цݣ˽ֻҪҪģһ뾡취ǰ
İСĴָϵ
ƺú棬ɵһָֻ֣
ϵһ겻䡭ЦӯӯصСͽ֣ܵĴָһӡ£³ɹ
ָഥʱһĵ˳ָδ֫ٺгһǰδеС
ǶԼֻǵСܡ
***
ֹ˼գϵķ̫һڳ䶨
һգ̫ӵڶǴϯӣȴһٸ̫ӵ䣬ĹҲɢɢһֱǲ
ҹºڷߣһӰ˽
ӲĴϣľһƬǰ
۸˷̫棬ûж̿ҲûнӽΣưܳŵĽһ֦Ҷ̫ӵ˵Ȼڵ
ûʲôӽȨ۷ʱһҹ̶֮󣬸˾
ľȥ
֨ѽһѻȸĽ
˭巾̧ӡ
ѽ硣ƿţһյ߽ȥ
㣿ˣƵʲô
ǶңҲ˼ǵˡ̾һĸһЩˡ
˵գʳзڰϣ˺иǡ
ڵʳʱƮɢ̲סʿˮ
Զȶֻвиʣʼһڶԣʵڶܲסˣǲò踺سЩʳķˡ
ûлͷɱʮľ裬߻ôģ
ô˹صһһٷˣҲԱ⡣һһںãֳӣЮһ⣬о׽
û£Էһģߵǰÿһˣ㶼ȳһڡ
ԸЮһӣֿڵ˷ݺʵкΪ粻ƽ
磬һӣŭǸ˺ģȹ³ȥһҪж˿飬ͷ֮ޣ
۽ޣһ˫ӵݸշɽڣûա
ӹӣ·ԵĲǷˣ˵Ѫ⡣
վڷ̫ǰӸµһٷЩ
ֹͣģʲô
걻򷭣˫ֽŲӣ﷢ŹֵġպաȴҲ˵
һ˲ˤȥ
˹ߵǰĿɭɲȴһĨЦݣ磬·ˡ
˵ձһŲȥȽָȶϡ
ʮָģʹڵϷȴ
Цذףӣһֱһʣϵжٿͷأ
䣬һݺݲ.巵ϥǹǣ磬ʹ￪ʼɡ

һҹһţֻš͡͡죬ȫûдſڵĽС
ʱһȼӵѿεķ̫ϣȻϢشӴ˳ȥ
***
ˮ̫𺣣ʬ޴档
ֳ̽󣬷˼ɵ㣬ϸϱȴƣػ˻֡
̶գް׷·һҹ֮òϡɿϣաӣΪֹ
ǣϡӦ
䰡ۿϲŭѱ磬˵ǲǸðǶųȥˣ
һ¶ɫػصУ׵Ŀǡ
ȥɡȻֻ˻֣Ȼ˾
ּպ󣬹һʥּΪĻԪΪΪΪ߻Ϊ
ּطΪ󽫾̶ǰ֣ƽ
ʥּһ£ǰ𶯡
ֱּһһ·ӳֹ¸󣬡
侲ͬʱõϢһסСͽܵļ򣬡侲һ㡣
ҡٵشնҲȥ
ûֱӻشǰһ²衣
Сͽ΢侲һſڻصҪȥȥ
͵һվҲȥ
Ϊں𣿡Ҫּ񣬻úͷ̫һ³
һʱĿ޴
ȥ
ȥ۰Ͱ͵ţҲ뿪
ʵ̫һϾǾǲʹΪʲô
Ϊս˫֣Ϊ̫֮λͷѪǰ󹬲ð
á˿϶ʵΪҪôʢҪôؽӽʢΨҪԶȥ
ãȻطʵΪΣ
һ̫ѡеĿܣֱ̫Ӷ֣˳·λԽ͵ԽԶԽáƽطСͽڶս׳ƵƵɧ߾ĿǰвԹɾ޴вȻɲСźʧʱǲһλһ֣ƽ֮ġ
ĬĬⷬڳƽ
һˣ㲻ȥҲȥסļ磬ȻЦһ£߻ʵԶʱܶ£ɾͲɵ㸸ʴˡ
ٿȻ̧˲˼
ʮ򾫱ڻʹ̣ǰر߾
֮գٵĸ󽫾һݵĳؿףǱۺ˧ؿϺѪڳĳ²ޡ
Ŵ󿪣ͷҲصؼ۶ȥ㿴Ǹ߸ߵĻʳǳ֮ϣһͦεӰþõעֱ緢ıӰʧǰ
ҹΪУ֮գضڻʳǰװӭ
ҪͷҪ
˵ȥ裬ȥսúסӦõһС
лҪ˵
ˣڵڴʱˣϲⲻ⣿
ûµģ꣬ʵһ죬ǺͳС¾ټ



59 ʦس
, һ
¸յ޵޽ů, ͸һƬʵԼԿԡ룬ǵӰӰ´µˡ
úˮ𣬺һԵСӣæϴŵİɫԡӭǰȥ
֬ѩ׵ļˮѬһƵķۺ죬Ө͸ˮ˳֬Ȼ䣬˲ֱӡ
СʶܿߣźӴ£ֱӴů, ص޵ůϡ
ԽԽˡСӽ̾ů¯Ž, ߶߶, ǧöעⱣůɲһ㲡ˡ
ȥ¡, ӲȾһ纮, ԼԴ˾ԽԽ, ֱ꿪, ů, ǿȬ
Ժ, ӱη, 붬¸ĹǶ, ˱ůĴʩ, Դ
֪ˡãùİЦŶѽôԽԽˣ
СѿڶҲŲǆأߵǰǧһչ˺ùӣŹң
һߵ£ϵЦ⵭ȥ
ʢ䣬ҲȲڵĴ⣬̾һݶⳡ̣̫ˡ
ûµĹӣߵһӮģСӼæο˵˵ܻأ
ЦЦԸɡ
***
һ磬ǰ巵ʥ
һڵĳ˱Ƕ۾һƬС
꣬۵սݽߣǰһ糯ֽȴɿڴϣȵõ֮ҩ
Ҫ˵ȫʳҲԣճʵнǰ󹬵ľס֮γһ΢ƽ⡣
Ȼֻе״̬ѣʵˡ
ջ˼񣺡밲
˰΢أ˵ա
лϡҲƴǣʵĺã
ԴȬټʱʾ衣
ˣһһ𣬽˾Ҫһ
ЪƬ̺󣬹䲻ڵһ磬ս
һɫʵǽݱ
ǡݣֱ˻ݳ顣
վְݵϲϡ
ȴһ˿ϲɫһϢ
ȥᵽɤۣüѵǡ
ۻˣҽª֮ǡ
һǣֻǰһڡ
ӿһסµģ߾ȫסΣŲڵε
ûӦ䰡˵޸òأ
⡭ָ߽޶Եػص˵ͶѶʹϿؾˡ
ĺݰ̾һкǣ׵ġ
˼Ƭ̣ػص΢һ顣
˵£Ŷ˵˵
˴Ӵݣͬ죬ȻˣϴؾһͣһýúˣʾʶƵ˶٣˵˺ĻȬ½ǲطأǽҡ
ĿĪض˺üۣ漴ЦЦ޵뷨ıϡ˹Ȼ޵Ĺ֮
ΪϷǣ˳֮¡費ػص
ȥɡۻ˻֣ʲôƵģչǺ֥ó˴ȥӡ
ݵл϶䣬иˡ
תһ˲䣬ϵбʧֻ޾ͳ
巵ֱ¸ķߣԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬Сƿ˵š
ӣСߣӷŴɾȵôܵ
ҡŬƽźȽȥ˵
̤ڵ°ɫãǰץֽдţŷձʵֲ
СӸϽǰĥīӣ׷ʲô£
ֳŰԼؽ͵ˡ
ʲôСһССʮ̣ߵ´ûܹˣΡ
޴һ棬Ǵ̣һսôܴδܹˣ
ͷһ꣬Сͽܸ뿪ʱǲϰߡ¸ʱûС˹ʱҲû˺ιҩһĹĶҲûů¯ůůůѡ
û˲䱧û˿ڿੲݵػҲûˣʼҶȵע
òæµĹԼճͼԼûпն롣
ĳһգʼƵجΡ
죬սĲݣѪɺӣʬɽãȻĴкСͽ֣ܵȻתʬɽѪϤһ
ÿһشһءǸجΣֵĳһξʵ
θеڣСͽȥ»ùģ»ļƻҲӦȡСͽȥȫķء
ǧ֮ƺӦոһյĿֻźͻ⣬ÿشʢģֻнݱ
̶ÿждһ飬սԽʱ򡣼¼˴ĵεΣɫ޾ϸ侳
꣬·һҹ֮䳤ˣףϲǣֻмԻ¶زס˼֮顣
Ŭķӿľ²
СȻŴͣӡ
Ǹʧ̬ˡƿƤӣƣ룬ⲻĴҲǨŭ㡣
ûû¡СӻŻŵصͷԲ𣬹ӣ֫ͷԼ򵥡
ĥīɡϢҪдŸ裬ûؾ׼
ǰ뷽跨ٸگз˳һ𿹻֣
ԼСͽȥز죬Сͽǳңûһܰˣǰ֮·ѡ
ڣٸûй˸ľʦұۡ
񣬼ȻϢѾ˹۶УСͽĿǰǰȫģصʢˡ
***
ʮĩһսݣͣƽ뾩صĽʦس
ˣֻʮλͣӱǰʢ󲿶ӺС
ؾǰһգҹδߡ
£ڰǰдһҹľ飬ֱîʱճžƣغСƬ̡
޲õһʱСͽܣܡ
ؾһҪǹۣڵڶ̫ˣ밴סԼ
ֱյʱֹ֣Ǳ߲ŴϢعЪϢˡ
˵öճųֹɱȥ
СӸţӣϺãӣ
磬һŽ۵ӣܲκʹ⣬ͷХֻһͷҪϼ꣡
ʱĳֹΪ˻һƬæңͣڵſڣطƽϢ
ԽԽˣôһٵҪȥɤӸָۡ
ӣŵ̫ۼ⣬ǰ񣬡ߵµ𣿡
΢һףô
̫һ£ʵصɫ԰ףǱ˲Žġ
̧̧֣֪ˡ
룡̫óһһˣ
ٴһ̧̤żڵȥ
Ͳһӷɹ浽˸ǰĪó
ʱ࣬һֽӣǺۼСͽ˵ģĽŲԽԽػͣ
ڵţ洫͵͵˵һʱֲ˭˭
ӣŲС̫෢ʱһˣ
ڳֹƺԶֻһˡ
ٿȻȥһ˲һͳԵİɤ𣺡
лҪ˵
ʱ(һ)()С߱һ
ӲǰԼдˣ̫𣿶һһдģء



60 
һڶϺȻը, ׽ԭء
ˣжûƺˣõէһоЩİ
òӦ, ѯʵüһҵĶ
£Ҷһ˿Ѿѿˣ
γѣ̤ڵ봲Ŀԡ
һ֮ǰԼǲΡجΣҲܶС߿֮յΣСͽһβ뿪ʱģ
ǰ꣬ϡɼǰģֻǳȥɬУ, , Ҳܸܵɱѹ
ս, ɱǧ͵Ĳŭ
˫ĳڴһ˲, ͬǧı, Ϣڻһˮ
ƵغţԶԶһֻ, жƵؿ, ߽Щ, 𣿡
Ǽһ, ŽŲ߹ȥ
Сͽܳ, Ӣ, ɫ԰, һǳࡣ
뿴øЩǰȴԽԽģȵֻŴּĴסۿڳܲסҡҡ׹ͬһߵ飬Ŵŵ˽յϡ
̵ļⷢɤҲõû£ޡ
δᣬû뵽һμΪԼˡ
Сߡʵػڻˡ
ü涵Լķ·һ̳ϴݹ̵ǣͣһʱ֪Ǻá
һ˲ѡıܷӦ֣һ˻
ΥѾõӵȻսֱۣһͷϤ÷㣬޲Ϣ
˳۽Ϣط
֪˶ãվһԵʵ̲סˣѵ£С˿˺ѡ
ٿȻعĻᣬ޴ʵ۲ۣҿ
û¡ƳһʦοһС˶ѣֻ۷
ŽɣˮŴʪ۽޲ĴѰͼҳ˴һɫѣôҲ
ƿôЩһؾʦ
¡˵ǡ費ٶ죬ְݵиˡ
뿪ǰ۽⿴һˣֶԷֻн£ջĿ⣬˳ȥ
ˣָ̧֣ḧµʪۣȻ޵úܺÿһۡ
ô޶أ滨꣬ҼȴҲ׼ʩ
űָ뽿۵ƤĦһƤ΢΢죬Сͽܣȷϵû£㲻Ҫڲҡ
ôģҪҪ⿪Ѹɾˣúüһ
ΪЦһֱƤǰɣ
İ꣬һֻصϤĵƤǷСģ
ס֣ԼȥвǰûҵӣǼįѩ
գգ۽ޣ۵ŵˮգ͸ɾԼ֣Ȼû£Щʱ㡣
üһ壬ؿˣҺȻо
ЦãĽ͵֪ҪһʲôҲû˼ɣȥһЩ¡
ԣ֧ϰ鲻ԸӦǺðɣ
šһۣתߡ
ҹȲҲ˯Ŷִǵͳ΢Ƶɤ
Сͽ뿪ʱŸսڣȴȫ˳ԵȻЩİǰһޡ
һͷԼ᲻ãֻӦһ첽뿪ֹ
***
˾
ˡһ̤żְݵ˼ߵ𣿡
΢һףˡ
ǣΣ
Լ˵ûʲô󰭡һ䣬ַԸִ
ǰڻ鸮ٴѾԻһļϣ˳Ȱִ̤;
ΪƷ˵ĵӣͨӡƣƷְ
ƫƫҪĴƷˣԼ˽С쿪ʼ𡣵Ȼﰵշ£СǨ֮·˳˳
ǰԪȥʱٶɱЩɥ²˺һˣû˽ָ֪ͬ
ԼĪһĹ̤뱱˾ʵ˼ټְкҪ£
ûʲô£㲻ôӶѻɽİִ̧æʲôأ
ҿɲǺȻˡ˰ӣˣŽعˣ
ָ෢ǵ̫Ѩ̾һΪ˴¡
ɫһţƹأѵģ
٣ʱ䣬ҪѹɤؽλүҲҪعˡ
褶˶٣üʵ˵ʱˣ
λһܰ¡Ҫţ񣬴ʱʼһ񣬡ǶԣһǧѷĻᣬ׼
죬˲Ϣѡ
˼ص˵ͷˣʱ
***
ٴλصֹĺɫã
һţֵС̫ͼغӣ
С㣬˵¡˸Ķʣ˯𣿡
̫Сصûأ̫ҽڸ»ҩ
˵ͷŵڵߡ
֨ѽһƿţСߣˡ
µȥ½̫ҽһֲ̡
Ȼۼǿǵ󱳵ˡ
һϣ첽ǰһ¿ɵ¡
¶ģƬĿĵı˼˻ˣ˺ݺύ¾ɵеĽɫеΪƹط෢ϣʵƿ󱳵ĵˡ
ˣת̾Ϣ˵ܳ󣬺ѿ
δ䣬žડһ̵ӵֱϣĻ
½̫ҽҩɡҵ̧Ĩһ۽ǣתߵǰվ
֪һ£ۼһ£ٶ࿴һۣͿҪˡ
κ½̫ҽʼʰҩ䣬ˣҩϺˡ
ٻǿɲ˺ѱɫΰûôˡ
ڴ齱ߣǣÿЦݣǲǺöˣ
ۿض˵û£
Ƥˣ˶ѡɫ䣬ɣһ㿴㡣
򴽣׻˹ȥ
½̫ҽһעܿ㱳ҩ뿪ˣֻʣˡ
Ҫȥ֣ȴ㿪ˡ
ϵıһ˲ָֻ糣תƻ𣿡
ǰǿšڿˣĿתǰˤ˸ƨɶ׶˵ʹԼš
죬ɤһȦֻЦҪңͱңòã
ӣᱧס
һŷСͽܵļ޷һѾȦסˡ
䣬ȴ·ɡƬκɿ֣ŵߡ
˵ѵǺءüͷ΢ЦǾͷҴϰɡ
һ죬һʱ鼱ô
ô˵жǸƵġ
Ŀȴǡöϱ¿ݷĸ
СͽܾȻ˽ʵĸ
˳¿Цһ𣿡
˵գԹԵ׽סѩϸ󣬽Լĸϡ
ĽӴͼʵ͹Ȼع֣һ
ڴرߵվôˣ
һվɵˡ
ǰ˿һͷСˡ
˭
лҪ˵
ȿ۵Сͽء
̣Բֻܻһа˿鸹ʹڿڵĴͽܣ



61 ֹ˸ͷ
ǰһֱڴ, Ȼվѹȸбͷ
뿪ʱͦε, ټͳСˣһʱܲˣ۲˼飬һ
ԵػϰҪ߹ȥ
ȣǣ˱˿ڣ΢΢üȻûͣ½Ų
𶯣ع˸ֹƣȥ˭㶯ģ
һ٣Թشر, ˫īڵķ, ۰Ͱ͵, ҲˣôԶ
̴, ̲סʵС, 궼Щʲôôߴ󣿡
ûʲô޹, ˵Щ
, ҵ, ⵰Ϊʳ, ټϾӪѵս, ߴҲ֡
Һõ, Сͽûɻӡ米˶, ɾ䣬Ưʵȴţÿһ¡ƺ
ʶ˳ԼΣ̾һ
⸱˳ȥ㲻ⱲҲﲻֽˡ
ߵð괩һԵ磬епһתۣ㶼һͷˡ
˫Ȧסֽظ䣬̾ϢŲһתۣ£˰ٶҹҹ
˵﷢ᣬҸ˺۵ıֻñסԴҵСߣһ˺ööࡣ
ࡣҡҡͷصŬΪ˽ա
ñطꡣ
ղδãű죬ԭǹ˽õҩͽˡ
̫ҽҩֽһЩʳСͽ¡
ڱƹأֻòɵƣһδֹҹ˯˲Сķ
һкȥ˯ȴס
Ͼڴ˯òãסѩػ˻Σ࿴Ҷܷ
һ꣬üʱɿ⣬Ǳˮճϡ
Ӧá
ԶԣϸϸӢˣһּϤİĸоɴ
ôˣұˣЩʢʣӪﶼǲںӣҶͬˡ
ǡƿ۽ޣһ纣УȻӿ죬ܿƵǰײһ¡
һ˲˲ÿˣֻ̫ݡҲڵһûкúóԷ
ѻƵ۽޲˲۳Ͷ٣ЪϢɣʲô˵
áһʱ˵ᣬΡ
ֱϴ೤Ỻĺ˫
˿ţһΪеľ
һ˯úܳΪһҹδߣֻΪҹǵˣƽ
***
峿Գ˯תѡ
ѵһҹΣ˸쵽һ룬Сͽ۾ض
簡õ䴽ʱѵģ
ѡҲЦϬһͨ
ȴﷺźѪ˿۵ǲҹ˿ۣû˯ã
ҡͷϣûУ˯ͦõġ
֪СͽܲԼģûٶ˵ʲô齡
ղڳֹ¸˻عΪ˱Ӻ񸺵ˣҪοʱʾһ
ٳǰֱض᣺ٻɣ
ûƹϺãȤС߹ⳤͷɲУСŻˡ
ü΢ǹһĨЦ⣬ζģԲֹ˸ͷ
һЦӢϾԳһ˿˵а
ûĻ֮ҲܸܵЦĲ⣬Һúˣ
õ֤뿪ֹر˾
ϣ󣬹ټ
ȿȿȡ۸պһڲͱǺֱԡ
Ԫæ룬һý÷ɽҺһḧϵǰ˳
ˡۻ˺һػ˻֣ȥɡ
Ԫ˳ӦǣϺЪϢ
˵գ̣Ŀбӵ˳ڵ
Щֳ֣޴ǰ˵
߽齣кηԸ
ȥ𣿡ʵ
ˡƽػصƲᡣ
ҲƹˣܼһҲ󡣡ۿ̫ҽԺǱô˵εú𣿡
СĻص̫ҽ˵ˣأδ˼ܲȬʱȬҪ
޵ȥûʲô۶˶٣ԹԵ룬ⳡ̾Ư
ԬأδȫǽµĹ͡
⻰ҲûԶʢǱߵ̾һ޲ðա
һԣȴġ
ȻۺȻ˻ͷãʣµļһʺϵϣ
ɫ΢ԡ
˵ǵϣǵ̫ӣ˵Լ״ʵ
۳ŵ㾡˵뷨޾
һ̧ಡѵΣһѪͳΪλ½Բˡ
šƤ΢أ
ɫʣλүУΨг˫ȫ汸
ɫ糣鼸һ˿仯
һǣ׹Ӵǹѡļ̳ˡ
ľֻףǲϽɽ䣬۱Ȼǻѡӡ
϶иһë۶̫ࡣ˫ֻۣ϶ס
͵ϻ֮ˣˡ
أƳһۣô̵˻ʵۣ˳ĵʦˡ
һգܲݵ΢˵ЦϾͱóЦˡ
ȿȿȡ۸ŷЦûЦֿðκżҪȥ졣
֣΢ϴ
һ£ٹκζʱ޻㱨۵Ըڶ£أǰȬ
ǣ΢סӦиˡ
һ˳ڵ˹ӭײϣ˹һ˵
ˡ˶Ӧת߳ȥ
ڵ˴վֱ˵ʵûʲô
˶صд˷ܺؾ
˫΢ɳ۰
Ҳʶ겻̫ƽżæΨֵʱԶˮȲ˽
ȥźϰɡѹɤ̫ټ㣬ҪΪʲô£Ӧˡ
˶һǣСף
***
굱ĹȻ¸ִдһţ˿ӱޣı
һѣȥֹϰ·ϺȻƮǵѩ
С׼ȥɡȴֹˣôѩóɡ
СӲĵһȾ˷纮ޣѻ죡
΢΢üҵ״ɱʲô˵Ķ˵ˡ
ɡСֹǴӦãұ֤˵һ¡
΢һףֹߡ
Сͽܸ뿪ǻȥֹĴ˼̶ȳȡ
Ȼ飬һվֹܾŵСϵζ˯СߵĴϣΪһۣǰĵӡ
Խأ㲻ȥֹˣֻ߹ε·ⱲҲǡ
Ƭ̺ů¯̤ţδڵ洫һ
һͻæӿŲƿŵһ˲䣬漤ҵȻֹ
ǰһ̻ŭĽ£Ȼһ䣬ίͰ͵
ôǣů¯Сӣǰ㲻úţʲô
˱죬һؿʦôҡ
裺
ԭǴ˵еĶȸ״
һֳֻסͷӣеż⣬ŬСͽܿøЩ
ͼͣӣĳš
Ļ״ʦңҡ
˲ըëʵǸˣôܶأ
ʦпԣǡ
ֻܿеĽ£¶һĨóѵЦݡ
лҪ˵
̣ҺҪױܺá
ң˭Ҳ۸Сͽܣ
ʦǸʵ²дһͷţҲ⡭
һᰡιȻһǡҿӷ¸ڽӵЩ꡷Ӻ󱩸ˡ



62 ɳռܴ
֪粻, ɴƹˤĳ˵ĴºúЪϢ, ĳиˡ
ָָſڣȲʦߣˡԶ͡
Ǿʲô̤ڵŻعζʦôԵ޹ʶ㶯֣
ӣܶڵ¾֣˲֪ء
͡§סɲһЩսϵķ硣
ʲô磬˵һأ˭˭
Ūȥ, ʱı, л˻ۡ
Ȼ, עһӾͱɢˣŵطס, ǲǣ˿ˣشţ
Сͽɻش, ûů¯, С, , ⼸Щ
ü, ļһ, 漴Цû, Ѿˡ
ֻСͽڰοԼ, ߵػصȥһ£ܿͻ
˵ҲĻᣬת˳ȥ
ҿʦ˻ûԶ첽ǰȥʦ
Ųһ٣عӡ
СһҾûüʦ˵ϻҾ꣬ʦշ
ӿˡ賤һ£ӽҴگнȳΪĳֻԾౡ֮
ˣ֮ͱٿˡЦЦɫʮպִʢһамƻ£ʦɻ飿
ĬƬ̣ص顣
ɫ谵Өѩ裬Ծ££ãͼ赲ĺ硣
䣬ȻȥɡĿɵӣǡ
΢һףã·Сġ
ִҴһصڵ˲佫ϵķ֮ɾƽʵȥʲôˣ
ûʲôºãǰ㸦һ뾩㸸ʾͬؾ
΢ЦƶˣҪ췴
㲻õģͽĻᡣҴҴǣֹֻǡ
ֻʲôԤУʻ˵ʲô
ֱʵ㸸ټңҪֽţ㿪ǰ޷Ȭ
üͷײس.һ£ٱһ˿ɷֿת˲š
ǺǡζЦһȻˣӵȻӦ˳츸ʵ⡣
˸Сͽܵķοûϵء
ʵʼգδλʱһ˿һڴ˳ͶĻ
ţս˫ۣظֻˡ
***
Դ»ع󣬳ֹÿﲻżҪ̤ˡ
ƹأʱֵ£ָ仺̫ҽÿնҪֹһˣ￪ҩµӾǳٳٲת
һգõڼ˲Ҫ²һӡ
ɿڴͷѪɫػ˻֣°ɣ汾תл֮顣
̫ЦҼ˵ˣڼ˲ҪȺȣ
΢΢üƳһźС̫ࡣ
Сӵõʾ⣬ɷ˵ǰ̣ź¼ɣȻȥɣ
̫Цһȴٶ໰˳ȥ
£ӷԸˣĶһɶܽڡСӽڼϣū͵ˣ
飬صȷŰɣ˵
ʱڻˡ
ٿȻһԶ˫
ʱҽҩ½̫ҽ̽ͷ£ոоΣ
¸첲µػصС
ЦŽ͵·ǡ½̫ҽһˡ
½̫ҽ߽齣ҽҩ䣬Ȥƺ̫Ը΢ĪǴ˵˵Ķ磿
̧䲻ɨһۡ
½̫ҽڨڨһЦɻ
û˵ĶԻĿڰϣʲô
ڼ˲ڻصǹġ
΢һüǻǸ꣬İ
ڴرߣȻڼ¶Ӧûôɣ
ЦС㲻˽ȴֶ˵ľˡ
Ǻ˽ע棬̽ʵѵ˽Ҳʲôף
ûСҡҡͷ㸸ʵӣͷ϶˼Դ˽
ԣûټ׷ʣ˳½̫ҽ
ƿţǾе⣬½̫ҽ뿪ǰȡЩˮͲ̫ҽԺһ¡
ǣˡ½̫ҽӦ⿪Ƶɴϸһϲ£˿á
𣿡¶ϲǲֱ̫˴ǾͺãǾͺá
½̫ҽ޵µʷѰ˿ɱȣٺúһȬָտɴ
Цһϧ˾ǲϣȬء
½̫һ٣ӹ˵Ѿǰ֪½̫ҽˣͰ˰ɡ
½̫ҽǰȻֽס½̫ҽʱԡ
ӪһˣصߣͲղһֽŷ£һѬǺã
ԡ½̫ҽƬ̣ص˿δϣòҪմˮʵܣɱܿ˿СΧϴ
ѡǰ仰ãȥɡ
½̫ҽһСƿڼ˲ȥˣ߹ȥָСͽܴѡ
ߴ߿ڵͷ׼һ£Ҫԡ
ȵ½̫ҽ˵òҪ
ҲͺٲԡҾҪˣԸԸⱧң
һĶͷЦʱ㣿
ԼԼƲƲ죬ҲܣһҪϴϴɾ
ֲֻȥ׼ԡ
ůڣԡ￰Сˮ֤ϰմˮ
վǰ׼÷ˮ;ٹһ㣬ֹˮɴ
˳ӵſ˫ۣʹ
ĺߣ۵ָ޵شƤ⣬һҪ们еʱ׵΢΢ս
ţһ˿
ˡһӦþͲʪˡ
šԺ﷢ͳӦȻֵٰһ㡣
áգգ۽ޣɵһȥСӽźɡ
ĿתضԸеͳɤҲǽ
֪ôأĪе֣ûоܾɣӦˡ
ûµģ뵱ָСͽϴأѸʲô
˼ˣӣ⿪ϵڿϵƫߣɴһѰȥ
ͷ˶ڵɫİѸתԡء
ˮԽĽϣˬ̾Ϣһɿιǵڳرϡ
̲סѣųرڣ״ʪ󱳡
ȻŤͷЦʵָϴ𣿡
ǻúܣ뽫һԡŪʪ
ܾɲء
ǰ꣬ɲǴǰǸŪСˡ
ǡü䣬Ҳһܿ԰ɣ
һ˼ǿͬˡ
ԡرߣڳϵĽʪ
һ˲ˮƳһۣˮһ״ɲġ
ûӦһʱסˡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥǹһĨаĻȣ³ҳ𣿡
ѽؽһӵӢɶϣ߳ŭԼϴɣ
ߣĵףϴιۿСͽԡȥˣȻǳ˺ü꣡
εЦ
ٿȻת
Цͣƿϵʪ΢˵ʲô
϶ԣĳɳռ仹ܴ󡣡΢΢һЦƵСͽܣŬɡ

лҪ˵
ĳҹ
̣ɳռܴŬ
ˣҪٴء



63 ѹ
Ӣݼ, Ȼˮվҧ, ٺúÿЩ
šˮǾ߳еˮһʱεͷۻ
Ҳʶֲ˶ʲôÿģ
Ҵתߣֲĵض̫ãȥ˽ź㡣
һˮٻص޵ʱֻڹװ˯
ǻ.ĻĿⴥݵһǣϢڸɾ
ݿ, 㴩˲ҲֽƬ, , Լһֻ־ɽ
˽Ų̤̤ǰ, Ȼ, £ĳ΢ɲز˲ܾͬĺ
˫ֳڹ齵, ظ, ǣñ˿ʹ, ȴȫֹ׽
̵ĺ, һɹʪİ㶵ͷ, һ, ŵָס½ǡ
ʱ, ̲ס˫ֵ̧ס˼Ҫѹ꣬ʲô
ᡰһϧͲôһ㣬ȴЦ뿴Ҫװ˯ʱ
ŴĿǰûڣһѣûװ˯㳳ѵġ
һƣϡһˣ˷ϣٽľ䣬ۡˡ
Ѿ͸Сͽܣ˿۲ȡ벻ˣٲҾһŰȥ
𣿡׼ز˲䣬᲻ء
С̹˴ȮǸĲ˰ϰߣֻǹڳصѹе㴭
εشҪ㡣
Ӳ뷨ԹԻʲô
ĻǳԣݵĻͳõıɷֵ
Ȼһǰ걣һľ룬һֱҸʱ㸴̡
ԾΡ
ʱԸսдССսۣҶǴӾʦõϢ뷨ⳡ̣Ϊʲô֮ã
ֱǷֲڴӺͳƣڶ࣬ˮǨ㣬ڲսһΪγıֺ֡
Ǩصı󾳽ӺΪֽߣӺˮˮֱǰһ󺵣ֿʼƵСģսɧű߾ͼˮݵء
˼Ƭ̺󣬳ص͹˵䣬սݾˣһʼսϣֻбŴķݡ
ҡҡͷԭפټȥ򾫱ʮԶһҲӦܴӮǡ
Ǹñţ͵ϮթˣһԬ껳ԶĿóȻ׷üȻԭǳ͢ݲ㣬Բ
ֲʳ⼸꣬ٶĺ־Ҳ˸ɺӰ죬ʳ٣һսʱȫԹӦ罫ʿĿ
ͬʱ͢ȴӲòײʳ·;յִۿۡ
̣ȴιǿľӶֻǿտһߣʮ׸
͢ʳ㣬ս߱͢Ϊ˲սĵ©ֻ᲻ϼظ˰յճɲάƣʱеطûռأƵİվͻΪʧ񡣡̾һսðԽԽ٣ķϵ˸֣ӵʳӲ㣬Ǹѭ
£˳õĳĬС
սϼʬɽѪ㹻пѪȣǱɽһǡ߻ǰһһٵսıǴݲĽǼİգԤƵѡ
׸ֳã֮ɫ˼ǡⳡ̣Ҵ𣿡
Ȼǡ̧ḧķƵƵַҰѣ±߾˴ǱսΪӺճɱСأⳡ̣㻹ǴӮˣΪе
ڵ˲𣿡
ʱƭ㣿ڷֻۿ΢ʪûü㣬СԶ̸ģøá
˺ۣ꣬һ޶ѫ¡
Ŀ⶯ݣһס֣ԼϷĦ.ǰҾ˵Ҿʧ
ʱû˽ʢĲܳ߻ӵ£ȥ򾫱
˧ԬһռԸһ棬ֱѵ̵Ԭ˧µĵɽʽ棬䳰ȷһܽǽԹ
ûж˵ʲôһºҹϮУֳ䵶ĵоԴӵ˧ӪǰԬʶ²ġ
˺ССսУӮҲֱӪȡִ󽫵׼ҲжΣ
֧һһδӶѻɽʬģһһδӹŹģΨһǿ
ڵؼҡ
ƽѾˡ᳦ٽᣬʵⳡٴӮ᲻һУǰؾ
Сͽʱʮ꣬һֻûɱ꣬ȴҪսԡѪɱУԼߡ
ս³Խ֮£͢ض֧ԮǷǽ²ɡ
Цǣ۵ȥĿģǸϣز
ٰⷬϼҲֵãκҾ֪ҵġ
˵գϰҪȥ
عֵ̧סţ˵ô࣬Ҫģһ¡
ӵϣü΢壬ʵʲô
սض˲ƣѰմ޾ĿѡǴδй棬ǰ˵Ľʷ䣬ۼսӦǿʢĹңս䣬ʳ
ͷף
ҪӦ˴Ӻһ֮ҲҪʱ̽һ㣬ԶҪΪһ˽սðտ಻ԡ֣صҪ
Ȼʱ˿̣ΪҪڵ⣬ǹ˳صͷҴӦ
úӡѹǿųصĴʯͷһ룬Ϊһܰհĺûʵۡ
šӦ΢΢ס׸ӵɫ
ʵ˵Щﲢû̫󴥶˵кθϵأ
ȥΪϣȥʤ̣ΪϣӮϣΪܰհĺûʵۣһҲ
ֻҪ˳õҪһУôͻһֱһ
ΨһյǣеˣԽСӣڸǳֹӵ
Ҫ࡭
ˣЪϢɡգһӲҪÿЩ
ƿ۽ޣаҲһ˯ɣ
׼ӦԺкȻԡһĻĪȾһ˿⡣
ʲôվƽһôȻˣ
һûаûʲôϴȥ
齱ߣЦò⣬ôＱ
ʲôＱҪôòãһѽʵ˵Сͷ
***
ҹ˯ԺٿȻоϡ
ΰѼ䣬ΪСͽͷػ˻֣Сߣ֡
Сû׽ס֣ȵϢ󴦣漴ʪȵ򲫶ľ
һһĵ˳Ҵܣ̼
һƵɤŶ𣬡а
ʶѹƤȴ
ǹѹ
ǰǶǵξΪ̫ˣԲƹѹ
ʱ࣬ѹľȻͬһֻ
ϲΪβӦǵʵһ˲ʹǱҧһڡ
ԲŪˡҧֺܿǸʪȵϸϸѩ󣬡Բֻ̫ˡ
۵һƴͼξͬʱԽԽϤ
ԸģҽǷˡڷŹתǰ󣬽׼˺ܶ˭ϲѪأҹԲ԰
ͷ
ԺӦõõأԳЦţ˫סҰɡ
ֻԽԽȣʹϮһ˲䣬̲ס̧סˡ
žһл֣ɲɵһƷɵϡ
εٿȻѹɱ磬һӦ͵Ϯ㵥ֳɹֱȡԷʺ
ѵù죬ͬĿԣӲͣ
Ƭ̣ջ֣תסίҪ˯úö˶˵ģʲô
ȴڵһϰŵָǸ
˿̵ͳ΢ƵɤѹǸйһģһ
лҪ˵
ѹÿ£
̣Ҫ£ɫҲǹ



64 
ֻΪӵкСͽƵɤ, ˼⣬ֻǿΪ, ˼ҹΣСͽղ߶
ԴҹѹܾСͽͬ齶ߡȻҹҲûֵƵΡ
Դˣһʼʾؽ˾æµҲæòɿ㲻
Լ˵ͷµڳֹ, ûһ򾫱, ֱչӪ
һ, һ̤巵, 㷢ֽյֵý
лŹǰͷ, ڸԱſ
ϣ˹֮˼빰ְݵ, 񶫹֮λѿ֮, ڹаٺһ, ˼
ִ˲ͬϲ, Ȼлϵĵ, ϴ˲عļ
ִ˵õ, ϳٳٲ̫, ʱǰ㸺𣿡һ˦䣬ص
ڸθ؏Ը͵ϣϴԲȫ޵ȣҡ
һһɿϣŶһԲ
һֳЪĿ϶˹ؿڵϴԣϲλΪ̫ӣأ
˼ûϵ˻ֱӵһ£ܿصմӺ񷨣ףӦǲΪ̫ӡ
²԰ɡѸץס©ϴ˵˵Ϊ
˼ѿڶಡϦɵ𴢾Σ
Ϧϴӣ
ϴ˫ĿԲ⡪
ˡʱϵĹڷˣ΢䣬޻ûǾţҪ޲ٰˣ
΢ң˼ŵæˡ΢ֻΪӺɽ밡
巵ڣһƬš
Ƭ̺󣬹ۿлϣʵлϣô
лһѺ룬˹Ҵ£ϳΪӦ¡
лУкʵĴѡۼʵ
лϹֵϳѸߣϹͿһӻʥ⡣
ϡ؏Ի˵ʲôȴۻִˡ
һ£ݺ顣ֻһ򣬹Ѿƣл£˶ȥա
λཻɫ½½˳巵
ڹ۵ʾ£µݸչ漴Ҳ˳ȥ
лҪлϡ
뿪ʹ󣬲δŻر˾˳ȥһ˶
꣬ʥģ˶ҲһԾΪǰĺˣͷһЩǹ
Ϊжв죬ⲻ֪˳˽ﵽΪ˭¡
ˡһţ˶óΣϣٹͲסˡ
ţô˵
˶һۣŴͳһɫƿѹɤ̫ĶɫζڷʳУֻ£ɡ
Щؽӹƿƿһţ˹ŵغСģⶫɲǺģ
ˡһƿݻƻ°ɡ
˶æҩ²ػУ֤˷ģһѲ׵һӡ
̾һʹùۻˣԶֹһ
***
պʢصλ׷ӦٻعһȻǽ밲˳ϹصزƷıТġ
ǰ󹬣һƬƽ˾ʵӿ
ĺʱ֣뿪˾һİſڣһǰ񣺡ˣҼүǰһ𡣡
һۣүλү
ص¡
еѵˣǺ硣
ް̧̧֣Цʢȴ˱һˡ
ԼĪĹͣڳۡɵĴǰ
һ̤ţӭ˴ݹ٣԰
¿ˡһЦҾһأ·ɡ
Цˣ
ίߣǵˮ©
κ󣬵ûס⣺Žˣд£
»δȥ̽𣿡΢ȣɫȷд¡˷ݣ㶪̫ҽҩӵ
һ˿⣬ȴһǵ飺ԭˣԸߵȬ
۽ޣָȬȬҲǽ˵㡣
׶Ȼʵţǰռλ򸸻ԣӦ֪ˡ
ϵȷ˼̧΢һͣ٣ʥѲ⣬һ̣˭أ
Ŀ棺ˣҲ²оģ˸˵ˡ
ºαżأɫ糣ʱһȻɼ
һȦƻԭ㡣
΢һȲ裬˳ϺõŮժ۵ѿͷ㣬Ƴ
ĿͣڸĲҶϣƬ̺󣬶յǳһڣǺò衣
ˣȲ˵Щˡ׻ָЦݣѵһٻعɡ
ˡ²յٽأ񷱶࣬ʵڲš
˵գֵл£ĳиˡ
˺αż׸ƣ׼ĽĿûüϳء
΢΢üֻλŮ룬ӯӯ
ΪΪǹ¼ҹˣʵϧαΪˣԷѰü׵ҹҲΪůһůѡ
ɫػصº⣬΢ˡȻĳˣʵڲԸԲ֮¡
Ŷܽ˿ϵŮӣòɵĹζضѲɡλĹ
䣬һֱŲĿУȻ̧ͷ
ϱ龡գ£Ǻ⣿
֣ͷɢ˽
ӣһӣʱغӿߣùң
崺˲ʣдһſ
УʱֹĶ
ҧأȴòջ崺һվԭء
תسϣ£ΪһŮӣַǾΪ
Բӡҡҡͷ޳ֻ֮ܵ˲᲻ɣ
ƯһһƬľƬκʵ¸òΪĳǵǹƥ磿
׵Цһ
̫һʵһЩɵûнҿ΢΢һЦΪץסĳ˵İѱһһǳԵĵӼҲǻҧ˵ġ
һɫ׳ȥ㲻ҪƲԳԷơ
ʵλүУпˣΨг¡һƣѸιһ棬ֹؼʱ̣ǲҪ֦ĺã¾أ
üͷƺڰԿ
ҪĶֿɵáɴֱʾЧҵʼֻʥϣ½⡣
***
һ·ɳ۶ɿڳϣѩ覵һƬϼ
ӡǰÿҪˣӣĴ
ް˫գɤ޹ء
ǿóһȺȻڲˮҩǴҪҹ޳⣬ͼԴ
ȹϵϣ㷻ĹЩĵҩϤȻҲֻҪǵ£ҩЧйӾͻûˡ

ôأŮӣôһĹӣ
Ӹڶ򲻸Ҷ𱨡
˼ˣֻƿӣſǻߴٵЩܲס
ͷҲص޸ϳ֪ˣչ˺ùӣ
ÿһ̶üߣһһ˿ѪҺӿ֫ٺյ̱ˣҲģ塭
ҺóʹԶһ·¸
ò׵˵ſڣСؽ˷ӽݣȥ½̫ҽϾͻ
æסӣСˣӣȷȥЪϢ
ʱڵСſڵĶ鿴ӣ
λͷ֡ɤȵӳ˵£
Сʱһ亹׼첽ܹȥȴͳɤôˣ
аãȻһ˲±㽡ɵسǰȥ³ƿһѽʶ
ǡǰЩϤĿͼԺôһˡ
һۻɫ̧ʱɭʵ˺£
ĿŵһżϣͰ͵ǡǱ¡ҩ
Ӣͦüᣬҧгݵף
ӲͦĲϻһ˿ȣŲ˲䣬е૵ˮҪˮ
˵ᱧ󲽳ڵȥ
⸱ģҲٽƼ
лҪ˵
˿ϵһǸòɵĹ
Ǻǡң
һ¾㣬Ͼŵң㰡ȿȡ
ΪףͨԼɬͼΧҳСӽǣȤȥһۺٺٺ١



65 ҹ
ѽʵĻ, ŵĶഫˡͷĿѣ, ָ
Сߡʶ֪ôϳˣϸβò񻰣СߣҪˮ
ڡҾһĶҪɤˣֱһ߿ţСĵؽϣȥѡ
Сӽ󣬼ץ£ôˣ
תͷһȥ
СŵһٲҲֻĬĬ˳ڵ
ת, ˲һϡ
˿ҵɢ, ޽Ǳ߳ĺˮʪ, ̵βѹһĨ˵ĺΣǿȾ˱, ͬѩʢŵĺ÷, 졣
ֻһۣǱƿ, ˵ǰ˫΢ص衣
ˮ, Ųյصǰ, , Լĸ첲, ˮϡ
΢, ּеŲˮ, һյ˵ףԲűأҪˮ
һǽ޺죬һȳ˳Ⱦӡ
Ҫˡ
ӣ½̫ҽˣʱҴҸϻصĿг˽
ȥǻйĻŭ
½̫ҽһֻ̤ż֪£Ҵ˽ҩķӡ
ٵ˼£»첽ſڣһѶҩʲô
İܻҩ滺ҩԡ½̫ҽӲͷƤҩʵûĽҩ˽ҹǻ᲻̫
û취
͡½̫ҽһõķҸŮô˷йɡ
Ȼջֻһҧгݵ֣
Уˡ½̫ҽѸŴһԿ״ˣһ˳ȥ
ٴȥҪ¸һ߳ȥˡ
еҩ߻شǰ
ҩЧĺ󾢶ңʤѩļķƣǰ߳ĺˮƾӨ͸¶飬̵۽ޱӯˮʪŴĴˮɫԿйһ˿͵ĵ
ɽϱѩǿвժ䣬մȾ쳾ɫ
񳹵׳ȥԼһ¡
·˹һ㣬ξǸһĶָ뿪ФѾõĺ촽
м޶µĴУȵʪıִ̫ܻӭŰ
һ˲ѹֵĶð˼ĵӿһصʹ졣
Ԩշתҹ¡
ؽŪŴ࣬ϸϸſеÿһ·ͼϣԼһ޶ӡ
ءӺＷϸ۷ۺָϼپֱۣͼƿӶߣСС߱ء
ĺʹٿȻع
ʵĿѴʪ˼򢣬ʪָܵһһ˱˸ɾŨصԶ޵ϣ·˱ļ⡣
ˮֻ˶ݵİĥ˵˻ٶϯ̲סֺ̧ҳ½
ĳĿĶŲ׷ӿŲ״īɫ
Ƭ̺½̫ҽµһҩۣյֱͷһ
İܻĲˮҩ˺˴ԼԻҩЧ£ֻΪʱڷҰޡ
ǰ֪Լڷʲô仯սϷȹѪҰޣս

ʱ˵һ˿һ
ڵѪҺƽϢ齣˻
СߡϤĺϢţǰ½󣬱ܵȵܡء
ƵᴥĶ˵ˣһƱӵڻûµģһ㣬ҵĺ
žļ米̵꾱촽أʱʱ

ⲻ֪ʱ˴꣬ӡžĴһ÷ĻסĴݲУڷ
ժһ޵ĺ÷֭ˮĻ޳ָ䣬ްŻ꣬﷽ˮһһե˳
úһ˯뱻䡣
׵ƤӰϣѻƵ۽ʪһһأԼɼʪۣżΪˣǲű˺ݺڹƵġ
˭뵽ĥʵԼ
İܻĲˮʧЧŴ̹ǱĺԺУǿԼ侲»صڵ
***
峿ʶһ˲䣬ֻǸƵƵͷѡ
ƺһ˫ĿãȻضŶʿƬ̣Ȼҹʲô
˳ĺ磬;̸ˣǸ׾Ȼڲˮҩ
ٿȻжϣ̧̫Ѩͼʲôȴֻǵÿн˻
һ£
ԺкȻֳһƬΣҹԼƺһʵΡ
ȵ·һĺˮУһӰģ˱漴ء
͵ϰɣ
ҹòûסҩЧᱡλŮӣ
ʱϴһͳ΢Ƶĺ˰
һӲƫԴһĿ
һۺ̽ſʵСߡҹһֱô
س첲ͬһֻո˯ѵҰޣôˣ
һҹСͽߣȻûлȥˡ
Ȼһ̣ʵҹʲôһ㶼ǵ𣿡
͸ͫ΢ѵû˵˺£
Ҳڵްض
ѵһᣬֱ˵ʵѵ̣ĸСŮ

죬ЦЦԴһشǣҪôҪ𣿡
һʱ飬۽޲زš
һԺãӺ⼸꣬δմȾκŮɫһΪûϲˣҪȥģƽ׹˼ҹ
ƺµķӦֵ˵
ǲεУ統ļҹףװ¡ɫ취ģȸ˭
κһõЦݣҹһֱһûˡ
ڷתִһСͽܣ㣬û
ѹû룬ֻҹһ޺ۼĴ.Ρ
Цӯӯζ˵ĻҶˡ
ʲôã齣һûˤȥҺһֻ֣ʱס
СЩѵ£ȴּʪĴС
ҹû̫ûסԼ̽ڣһ
ϸʵ̫ˣָᴥ硭
ԽԽˡ̾һסΣֵƿء
ͭǰ̧ƿ½󣬾ӳƽֱ͹ǴȻһСӡӡ
˵ôеأСߣҹĶˣƵԣҲǿ˰
ɫػصҲǱҧİɣҸҩһ
΢΢ü⺮µģĶĴӣ
ڴϣ⣬תƻ⣺ڳ˺£
лҪ˵
̣ҸĶ԰ɣ
Ǻǣһ˸𣬲ԴӸ𡭡
ǳһڣȽʢȻҪѵ״̬£Ҫٺٺ١



66 
½ָ˶, 赭дػص£ɣЩܻˡ
ڵ׸ֳɷ, ҩΪ
ʮ֮˼ưЦҵ٩ʢ˭˲֪ĳ˲ŮɫС̣ίʵˡ
Ŀƶװ꣬δκˣ
΢ȣô
¡򶨣Էٵת˲㡣
Цõͦࡣ
ĵ׷ʵûаɣ
Ȼûˡϵһյİɣ֮, ΪŮ˽鱻ץסѱ
𴽽, صҾҲǡ
ҹŨ, ָ䣬󻹱Ȥζιһ, ϧ, ޺ܿ˳
ɾɲа뽫Ū࡭
˵, еҩôģ, ⡣
治ɫػص½̫ҽİܻҩ
ֻǽĶӰˡ
ԭˡ, Ц, ½̫ҽ࿪ҩ, ԷС
΢, ص´ˡ
赲ǵ, л˵ˣܿ춼᳹ʧϡ
˵ҲǣͬһԵΣǴˣ䴽ЦЦ´ˡ
ʱ⴫Сӵͨӣٹˡ
ᡰһ̯̯֣ƣһ̶ðȰ
⣺̫׼ˣ
ԥһ£ѡʵ棺ָ̫ʹ˹һԶҩֻ£Ҫ
ԭʱߣСʮĻӣʮɱ̫ӣʮʱ̤Ųϻʵʬ׵ǻ
󣬺ЧӦ֮£ܶ¶ıˣΨһǣҪСͽʮһֽ꣬СͽΡ
ֻǣҪ赶ɱˣСͽܱ߱ɱֵ
۽ޣӦãˡ
׼Զ͸ȥͷ̫žۣԶҩǻøúɣ
ȻİţҲֻӡ
Сͽߣο㸸ʱҩɾˣ̫󲻶֣Ҳסá
ԣ̧ӵù˼ңҪҵ֮䣬޸֮顣
̾Ϣһ˱˯ȥ̫﾿кָʾ
***
ٹڣ񣬡̫밲
̫о˫˰ա
̫Ϊо
ǰ̫̾һߣ̫ҽ˵ϵӴ󲻺ˡ
¶ɫ΢ҲţϽʳˣ̫ҽҲ޲ˡ
̫ŷ飬Ҫ˵ϾͲʲӵˣŲǵõˣǽƭӡ
̫˵ǡһֵɻŷ֮ҲҶԡ
̫̾һպڻǰϿ˵֮£
ĵˣػصǰλϽԣӦȷ
ô˵أ̫Ŀº͵˹֮ʵҲĵúܰ
⡭һֹģ
̫ϰǰ㣬˵޷аҳ㡣
ϵʱ˸λ˵飬ʵϣ˽ʹ΢һᣬгµġ
ˡ̫󿿻ϣ˼Ƭ̣ʵڴôģ
΢ԡʹ΢ᣬۻλΪ΢Ի÷֮¡
ѽǰ̫ˡ̫εһһ˵վӣܲվӵģ
ü΢̫˼ǡ
ҵ˼ǣ㲻ΪԼ㣬ҲΪ㸸ִ㰡̫ζ룬³˴㼴˾ĵʦʱȻ˸㡣
˼УһʱûӦ
̫ѭѭյ˵㲻ö׽ǺǸ֪ͼ֮ˣοаڡ
صס
̫ǰȰļ磬⹬ﰡΨһΪֻаң˵Ҳǣ
Ӧ̫£򲻸
úӡ̫ЦЦȻһתһһ£ǰõɿϢʱ
һд£
̫תﺬǣϲأҰʱܴкǲ
ɫϢ׼ȷ΢ϡ
ӣɾκδ̼ˡ̫ҡͷ˼ǰ󣬴˿Ψһ̵ģֻ㸸ˡ
̧̫һۡ
̫ʾΪ˽ɽ𢣬Ϊ˻Ұȣ㸸ֶȻԹۡ
Ƭκֻصˡ
̸δͣܿˡ
إգ͢ӡڣȻϸ˵ȫݣ˾Ĺݸһ䣬Ҳǵ˴Ŀա
ص¸ʱСڽѵˣĽŲӭӣˣ
šӦһʵˣҹһλںδ
С㶣˵λ
΢һס
ǰ̫ӵº󣬵׻ǲģʢðһСլӣסһ뿪ˣ㡣
֪δ⴦Ȼ˳
СӺףҹ״˽ˣڴȥһ治֪
ü򳿡
̼䣬һӰƾճ֣ˡ
ҽ̧ڵߣдһţҴ״ˡ
ǡӦ˵ĽŲ̤ż
дһţں󽻸ַԸС£˷֡
ǣˡ򳿽ӹŷؿڴ׼ȥִ񣬺Ȼֱ˽סˡ
һ¡գգ۽ޣҹûʲôֵĶɣ
һֱ⣬ֹգҹʲôһü
򳿳ĬƬֶָ̣
ίǡû˳ҵ޵
ҡҡͷҹֻе¡
á׷˻֣ûˣȥɡ
򳿱Լڵƿ޷ǿ޵ĽԼ°ҹվԺﴵϰ£ûʣҲû˵ȥ
ڰů齣ŷԼģһ˫ҩĸá
ЩϻСͽҩǹ˼裬ڶձûƵģôȫһأ
˵⸱Ӧûܶżɣ
Ͼԭ鷢չСǻԭĥʦҲô졣
Ժк˼ţƤӡ
***
һ˯ʱĶӸˡ
һСŽӣִ
ӵޱش˸Ƿҿ
ŷ⣬ɨۣٿȻѹŵݻСӣʾˡ
Сӽҿ޹ӽѬ¯ˣӣ׼ˣõŰɡ
ͷС˴š
붬θ᲻ÿһСŷڿ˼ȥȡùӶڡ
ӽйУһӷֻھͱˡ
СӣٳԼڰɣȥɲа
ů¯ˣȥɡ
úţҾֻȥеˡСӴŵӵеţ϶ڡ
ѽֽǸ´ͨһбһۣЦͷȥź°ɣˡ
ӣСӵʱɫ䣬Զˣ߹ӣ
û뵽Ӧֻεؽ͵˵Цѣôأ
ʵⷬҲûԺˣСǲԸϣǾֻȥµźˣٿϣʳǰꡣ
СӽŽɵؿŹӣûҶ˵ʲô˳ʳ
ѵ͵˸УůϿ˻飬ֱɫ谵˸
ҹɫ˵֮£ȥСͽܡ
һӺֵֹ̤С̫ϰߣʰȥˡ
ڵȴ洫һϤɤҩиðɣ
һ⣬ʲôҩ
ѵСͽּܵˣ
׼ڣڴ½̫ҽɵ⡭£Ҫ֪ҩֶǷҩܡ
Ų΢٣Ƿ棬ķ棿
޵ڳȥƬκ½̫ҽСȻ˼պͣҩԻܲС
ͫ΢𣬲һŲȿա
ſڴ죬һ˭⣿
ֻ̤ż¶ζʧò΢Ц½̫ҽҲڰ
һʱģ
Ǹʲôû˵ȻȻرһ£
½̫ҽƨƵͻȻ̫ҽԺ¶˰

һ̽ŰοǸСͻᣬǷ治вʲô⣬ֻҪǻƣתġ
ɫһᡪ
û°ءг͹ϧԼʵɣҲ̫пȿȡ

лҪ˵
Ϊ˰οСͽܣô󰡣
̣вУû˱ҸвУܿҲ֪(ĥ)



67 
һǰ
½̫ҽֹ, Ϊ¸
¡վڴǰ, ͷһѡ
Խ⿪¡
Ϊ˶ĿŰɫ½̫ҽÿվҪһµı
һΣ½̫ҽۼطֵ¼ϳӡŻʣǲҧġ
˲Ȼ򴽣׻ûסѵ£Ȼ˺õòˣǿЩΪá
, Ƴһ, ʲô
ȿȡ½̫ҽɤ, ָŵ¼ϵӡ˵ԵĿǰ״, ܲʺ̫ҵĴ.¡
ʶ, Լļͷ
ҹͷҧŷϸָͷ, Լ, Žָ˳, Լļͷ
, ÷ʱ, ⲻԾЩ, ҧһöɰӡ
ԽӡԽϲ, 㿪ʵ½̫ҽʲôӽӡһ㣿
½̫ҽ
ε£ҷ˵Ļϣȥˡ
һ˼½̫ҽǸİܻҩ㻹𣿡
½̫ҽɾȵеҩûɢ𣿡
ޱػصǣԼá
½̫ҽˣҲˣŲ񰡣
ûҩֻǽĲҩЧҶ࿪
¸Ժл֮ȥģʱʱֹǵɤ֪ͷɢע
ȥУ¿ƲסԼܲͷҰ궯
½̫ҽ㶣˵Цɣ
ҿЩ𣿡˿ʲô⣬Ƭ̺ʵҩиðɣ
½̫ҽ͵һۣ⡭£Ҫ֪ҩֶǷҩܡ
Ǵһˣһ˰һҩԳ⣬ɵΣ
ǣ½̫ҽֻСȻ˼պͣҩԻܲС
濼֮ʱſȴ죬һ˭⣿
һ̣ɵˣ˾Ȼ
ǣУϧ˵ԼҲС
ĬһĳĬ
úɫڵĲ𣿡
ǧȷ棡ص˵ͷ˽⣬ʵһֺܳ⣬ӻٶһ㡭
ĵв
ûٱ⣬۽ʵǡôأ
һʱסˣװ򶨵ػصȱ𼱣ú롣
ᡰšһ¡ݣҾֻˡ
һǿ׳СͽܣôƫƫǷأ
ѹԭУСδȢҲӣԭȻ
ˣҪ˼ˣӲת˻⡣
̧£
Ĵռִʢɫ֡
΢ģҵıҲ־ˡ
ϴֻǻӣľڴ󲿶Ӻ棬Ϊ˱ܿٵоٶȼ˲١
š΢һףǰСͽܶϵ
˵ӿǻʧһ£ܿǿԼעһİš
˵¶˸ڣѸٻص¸
һţʹԺлϵͳ007Ҳ飬ûʲôǷ治еķӣ
ϵͳķ棿
β
ϵͳ˭ββ˰
ңСߡ
ϵͳĬƬ̣ôβȫ綼βˣҲβ
ɻʲô˼ôȷУ
ϵͳ
㲻֪׿ڸ˵ģ͸һѣûƵķӡ
˵Ƿ治еˣŤ̬
⼸˶ѪŽ˵С²ɲΪ£СͽС
***
һ磬¹
ȽϴѼһʱ¹׺ͬһʱתСã桢˲Σһҿӣʱ硣
Ʒ¹ǹʹģ¹Сһҩ"֮ƣǿǷĹܡ
һʱβã¹Ҳ̲ǿǵĹЧܹ鲻ẦСͽܡ
ùźͷϵ£С¹һȥֹ
Ͽ飬ˣӭǰȥ
ָСӽŵϣ
Щ֣Ϊθ
㲹û˵ʲôֻЦҪҪȣ
ǣһ¹һЧǾͰͨҲڴСͽƵġ
ȻҪȡ˵ǰ룬ֻҪģҩҲȡ
Ϲ˵ö㣿ЦԷǣʾСȳȥ
Сӻ˳ڵعϷš
Сͽֳ࣬򢣬Ŀοú𣿡
úȡӴչȥҲһ
˲ˡսü΢ؾܾѾȹˣȰɡ
ԭʣܲס¹ִҩ
˺üۣðɡ
Ƭ̣СʵСߣη֡Ƿ治еģ
ۡкŵ˳ȿȿȡ
æ̧ḧļЩû˸
ʪӲ˲ϣصżȻֵġ
һᣬֱʵ㻹ûԹɣҲԣԼŪҪһЩ
ҧҧһ̧ʪֹΪҲŲܡ
˻
ǵãʮʱ̫ŮǿƲƲǣӢд˲ףԺҶԹǾӰˡ
ɴסȻɵġ
Ӧٲһ㡣
ֻҪһ뵽ܽӴǸӣŲǰίͰ͵ҲƲˡ
һ԰ǵ֮ǰǻ͵͵˹ĶǶ
ֻ·ϼġĻϥǵҴĶų£ôأ
ðκ̽ûϲˣϲˣͲôųˡ
һգգضϲˣ

ĿɿڴͰ͵ػصֶϲ֡֡
ִսЩĿⵥ޺Ψһųˣֻ
ȵϢһƬʶ˶㣬ǡ
ʱȻСӵĸߺҼҵЪϢ
һ𣬡ô
üȻǰߣ齡
˲⣬ЬѾ˴
Ҳƿȥҡ
ԥһ£ؽСͽܼܵԼĴڸС
㹻ݣԼ彫ס濴¡
һ˲űƿߵܣˡ
ȿȡػصлǹҡ
װзеߵܣˣ
̾һӡ
ΪӺܵˣصظϺõĲƷ׼ʵϾҪˣɵÿ
֪оΪȷǷ紫Բأ½̫ҽһҩ¼αװӡ
仰ȻоһɹŹֵȳԵﴦӿ𣬼˳žĴܣ漴һ»ۡ
󱳺ͶͷȺƫƫģŵĸ
ˣٲߣҪ¶ˡ
ʱСӶźںҩ£Ҽҵ¸úҩˡ
һۣȥź£ùܱ
Сӻص֪Ҽҵºҩͻ˯̫ҽʱκ˶ܴš
ȿȿȡʱؿڵСӣͳ£زҲһȥ
˵ϣ¾ǲʶȤˣֻ뿪
¹ϣӱ̽ԴССڴˡ
ƣѩ׵ƺˣһ˫һ۸ˮ뵣÷ӳѩƯòɷ
׸ֳһĨɺ죬ٵʵšҺʲô
ŷСͽܺЩԣϰϸ鿴첲һ˶ſϡ
Ȼأһѹ£ɤƵػ
Ҹȵ¹һ£Сأѹ
¹ظһ飬̵Ҫҵ
Ȼ֪Σսͼ¼ȥǵģֻԣ¹ûа
˻ֻ£ɤƵؾ𶯡
˲佩סͬܵ
Ƭ̺ϲغãСˣ
žһԺʱʱ̿̽Ǹҵ׻Ƕˡ
޿̵رͨľ˵Ҫ𡭡
лҪ˵
ͣˣСͽˣ
̣ˣİܻ׺ˡ
ԣİܻ裫׳¹



68 Խ̵
պ, Ϧڶ
ǷѣٳϯϦҹԲ, ֻ̫ʼ硣
ʰ׵ǰȥ巵ȸʥ밲
ʥÿۣ񣬡꣬ꡣ
ȿȿȡؿա
лϡ
ԳճϦ޻úҩ޵ܡ𣿡
ɫ糣Ϻ鸣죬Ե޽
۾Ԫֲ˲ǵҩ, ֿڵʼ, ޲ϯ, ޶㡣
ֻصϷģһв׵
, üûعˡлǵ, ̫ϲܵܣ㶢˳ٹ, ȷ뾩ǰ, ܳκβӡ
£΢ס
ý½, ƣػ˻, ȥա
˳޹, ǰеµ
ſʱ, һʱû, ײһߴ׳Ӱ
Сġöɤ漴һַֻĸ첲
վΣǸ
ֻ̧ǰһϮɫۣΰǱڸǵɱʣ信ʵмơ
ԣ׼ȷ˵ӦСͽλмƲǡ
¡һ۾ȷ˶Էݣһ
λԭʵһֱһ˿档
ԭɳ۶ԻλȤΪȵܳСӣʮսʮʱǰ˷ΪӺһ
ˣҲΪĶմսУΨȻ
һΪ֪ȷʵԻȨҰģô̾˷رսպգѳΪ˷ɻȱһģ۲׶
ȻСλ󣬲Ųʲô˷˵˿档
λĹؼ֮һǱһλ褡
ʶ꣬ϧɳ˷ƵִĻ£ǻ޴ʩչڱоճɹ߷
Ȼִվͬһϣôܶͱúðˡ
ɳζشۣӣΥˡ
ʱ꣬»ǵó΢ʤҡǫػص
ɳЦĳһֱڱ߶ˣܲǵã
ҲЦ΢Ҫúøлλĳˡ
򵥺Ѽһǰһ̤ڡ
˴γϦ磬۲ϯȱϯҲûôӣټĳеµյ֡
Ļӷ׷׸ʺãһһӦֹ̫ǰ밲
̫߾λϣĿͰȫʲô⡣
һ磬һźĻ̥̽
ͷβ߶Ƚй۲˵Ķ
ûʱ򣬽ҹ¿ɲܳ¡
ڣԲջ˳ˣϯ䱻˲پƣΪ˱빬
ˣŽˡɳһľŲȣΪ壬Ӧȥ
üص¸ͬһ΢͵һ̰ɡ
***
Ϧ֮ҹϹϲĵȥֹʱһ·
ſڣĽŲȻסˡ
һ·ϣһûһţ俴⣬ʵ京⣬Ȼû붫
ԽԽӽţԺвɻǸҲҹ
ٵĺڶһ¼һ£סӲ̣ͬպ˵ҲƲҲѡ
β׵һ飬·һɵδܹȫ˲ܿƵȥ
ǡɢմȾԼû¹ȴȵǿô
䣬̧һֻ޳֣ҵ޴ŵ֡
ֱȥǿӲʧؼʪָ죬ϳʮָ޼ơ
˸Сߡ
赶ŪǹĸһӣԴֲڵعвŽ۵Ƥÿһ䶯һɲС
֪䣬ֱ߳ĺˮʪ͸ˣּøɾܿ߳µĺˮܶʼ·ȺôҲɾƵġ
Ժ䣬飬ΪԼҪˣСߡ
ܿ죬ճһֻ֣һ־ƿص̬סĺ󲱾
ȵŹĺ󾱣ĴָָһСƬƤͨ죬긲ϣǵͳԵɤһػϲ
˵ʲôȫĸйٶȼеһ
ʱƣӺＷ˼Ŀͬճè˻ĵס˺󾱣޿ӣֻܷĽ

ˣɳ۲ĽŲͣͣתʵΪͣˣ
γѣĶ˲͸ˣǿ򶨵ûûʲô룡
ɳɻؿһۣ̤ż
һɫ糺ظߡ
ԴӻһҹܿСͽܡ׻˵˳һ㲻ʮ壬һֱȥ
ûµģǰСͽһæΪСͽܽ͵
͵һΣԽ̵ʾˡ
뵽ȥ
£ˡܿ죬̧ţ糣
ڴһͳԵɤ
̶ֻ֣ʱֻԺвôڵļ䡣
ڶϵ٣Ƶɤ鶯ĺֹƻĹؼʱ
ס
ٿȻһƿš
塣Ŀⲻźۼɨ漴ͣϣֶ񣬻Ī֡
һˣض񡣡ɳ۶Ƭ̣Ц̾δٲȻɴˡ
ʵ빬磬Ҳٻؾڹг߻ӿֻһ棬ίʵ㲻ʲôֶ֣ԭдҲǺ
лĸɫ԰׵ЦЦˣ衣
˺Ѽ϶˼ƣɳ̸ֶľƣǷͣβܱ֤岻ٷӺάֱ߾ξðȡ
һ࣬һԲĵڿСͽܣƲࡣ
ԼĪյĹɳʱˣúЪϢɡ
ֻصߣˡֶԶ͡
ɳֿۣתߣϾƾǡӿżһ¡
ۼֿطסСġ
ɳ۸첲ݵļϣ˵ľܿ۽ޣЦһҷһ£һ£˽ǳƽˡ
ͬʱɫһڱϵȻսָǽÿ֨졣
˵ǡɿ֣͵³Űɡ
ͳţҹִֵõſڡ
ɳۿִ˵һ̣ʵķ褣
ִ˳Ϧ绹Ҫֵʵˡһ䣬ºˣͷִ˽°ȫͻȥ
΢һףİɡ
һתߡ
ٶڵſڣĽŲˡ
Ȼｨ裬Ȼһֻ֣һѱ㽫˽ȥ
ͺһײϤĻ
ʹͷսĶ⣬Ҷ㹻𣿡
ҡʵֱ۽ס޹ֻСƱûû㰡
û𣿡һֻ֣ס˼򢣬ֱ̧ԼԹ֪ҹȴӰжʧ䣿
ʯһƬʪίòУǱ˭˵Ŀ
飬ʶǸԲǹⶪ㡭
û뵽׾͵˳ѣ½ҹңҺø˰
Ϧ֣Сߡգգ۽ޣ֪طӦ԰
Сͽæ»أô˵Ƿ˵Ƶģ
лҪ˵
ҲУı϶ı
̣ţһһڳԵı
ȴϿӣʢǰС߱ȻҪԡģ



69 
ӵס, ̰ϵ㣬Զ˶, ﲻԣ
ﶼԣѾشϢĻѳһµΪֹᡣ
üͷһ壺ΪΣ
ΪһΪǲֻƵ¡
Ϊβܣƽһڵ˫˵Ҫ𣿡
˵㣬ݵļſֵ̧סСͽܵţѿڶ, ˸Щ, Ҫİ
ȻһҹļҲ, Ҳûظд
Ŀ, ٿȻõЦ, ĺ𣿡
λεĿ佱ʵĻŭš
˵ô, ְЦ, һѡ
ʲôĶ׵һ, Сͽ, ô·磿
Ȼͭǽ, ôƶƲ, ׽ס, ҲⲡǼЪԷɣȻһΣǲͷ͵úúãҲ˵ˡ
һ˫һ̺ŭ΢΢̵βκ죬ûɫ㡣
ͷԾһ£ֺõػ˻еѩ󣬡ҴˣҪ
շ㹻ˮ
οûȨ۷Σʲôкʸࣿ
⻹ࡣɫ֮Ժˡ
᲻ᡭӦѸתƻҹϦȥ𣿡
ʮ빬ǰÿһϦǶһȥݶϿ
ȻҪԥػصǵĴͳĿ뱣
***
Сֽӣվľݵ£ĵضϻˣСЩ
ʵ˵ͽַݶҲ⣬Ϊ˲ģʵʵһһ
ĿСͽܵݶľݡ
ݶʱݶϵ֣
л㱼䣬·صǳһĳϦʱվ棬һѽСȥ
ʱתȴСͽ
ǰ֡
عֻůĴ֣˳ݶ
ķ羰ʮһհÿ£Աߵλãɡ
£еľ̳ӵݸʵҲڵ꣬һ𣿡
ӹ̳ҡҡͷǡ
ӢͦüȥǺ˭һģ
һֱΪܻأڵ꣬Ȼˡ
㲻ڣһ˿ʲô˼أ˿̳ڣһھƣͽ˼ˡ
ֻһ仰ϿήĻ˲ţҲֹס˼𣿡
ϻһۣһСէ뿪߶ϰأοǻСͽܣ
ĻȽ˽ɲʵ͹һ
ҿûô˵ЦˣǴȷѡ

СͽܾΥըëˣذɱСҪˡ
ɫĳȻ𰸻ǲ⡣
ϣҪˡɫ棬Ȼʧߵ꣬ҲʧɫͲˡ
ըĴ̣ʱյøɸɾ
ڵĳ޲Ȼضţǻⲻ֪㷢ֻתķɤ΢ػ
ţأء
Сͽ̫ܳߴˣҲ˽ȡ֮ǽѵӵ
ȷſɣݶȫ
ĽǶȣſ֮ǰ͵͵޷һ֣쵽
ֺһھƣ漴ݸСͽܣЦ겻гôҪҪһڣ
ӹƣľմ׺һڡ
ЦӯӯЦ佱ȾƶǺˡ
ѾںС
ֹһڣĥź
еľزʱŲŻʶľжá
϶ᱻǺ˵ǰȾ졭
ݣ
飡
Ѥù̻ҹĻſ˯һĻʹѡ
ÿ첲ߣעĻʮɫ̻
šһգգضĲͬÿ
Ǽ꣬ʵδ̧ͷ
ֻΪѤ貵һֱԣֿɼĵط
̻ʱڵҪһ𣿡
ʲôתǵЦ⣬СҪʲô
Ժÿһ꣬һ𣬺òã
һЦ⽥ȥʶܿڴĿ⣬ÿһ궼ô
壬ô壿һסжƣòã
áĬƬκڻӦˣᾡŬһ𿴳Ϧ𡣡
ȵ˲ò뿪֮գʱСͽҲһԸ̻ˡ
֪ôģһ˲䣬ͷȻӿһɬ
ûһջ뿪߻µˡʱСͽֻסأ
δüˣزȥʱýôˣﲻ𣿡
ûСҡҡͷԺ߰뷨˦ȥҲˣȥɡ
ĵӦҲãݶ󡣡
ݶվľǰſ˫ۣʱ׼ס
СŤͷСͽһӥſ̵ļƣЦûô
δ䣬´ȥ漴ůϤĻ
ôϷ̵ϢԵЦ˵Լ
գװ˵㵨ӲС
иءЦһֻסӯӯһյһֻϥ䣬ֱ˴ᱧ
ѽͺһСߣʲô
ɵرߣǺϲ𣿡
ϲ㣬ϲ㹫
˳ϥѥӣֻ۵ص˵ߣҪֱӽȥ
Ȼرסļ米Сߣ
첻Ϸߣ˵Ӧ⵨ΪСͽܣ
СͽЦøˣżʵǻ·ͬĪȾ⣬ֻ׺ݵţ
ţ̤ڵȵطŵϡ
һȣֱֻ̧סף˳İӡ
¿ˣѩ׵ˡ
ǸϰˡЦŵϥأɿʾɡ

Сͽ׻᲻ºݽţֻһ£ȥϴˮҪݽš
áɵӦˣȥˮһҲղŷģ
³һ̧˴멺ۣıϣЪϢ
ʱˮˡ
Ҫû׼˻δڴߵСȣ벻֪ʲô
ٴεϥأ׽סε㣬еˮ棬Ӧˮ£˵Ȼͻ˵
û˼СʱĺȥĶˣԼĽˮҲµˣҪǻλ
ɫ䣬ר־ˮﾫɰ۵˫㣬·£ֵʱˣ
㸸ҪڳȺϣڲش˸ǷǶֵʱ¾㱸ֻǷˡ
׼ֻȺǲȡһԵĽϸϸʪܵøɾ
㽫̫һʰˣԤҪһ㣬ζ̫󣬿ܻҰϰǰ꣬㲻õģ̫ĹˣȽһ趫磬ǻ˳Щ
ĿڱˮѬ̺ϣȦס˹ǽ΢͹Ľףãġ
ͼԼĽţʲôأ
ûʲôͳ΢Ƶɤ̧¶һЦĽ׳ߴ硣
лҪ˵
Ҹ˵ıλأ
̣Ҳ£ģ
бһδɾ棬ʵܼ򵥣֮һ£ΪΪ



70 ǰϦ
޳ָȦסĽ, ԴֲڵָžɵĹǽ͹, ȴο۵ֻ㲻ö
СͽܽϾʵʲô
ˣȻҵôشֻЦҰһš
ֱûʲô¶̧һ£˵¶ȥûУ
ȥˡ˳ס𱡺ĽűָǹؽڶŽ΢ʩĵػص̫¶Ϊպʰ·𣿡
šı, Ծһ, С߳ȥ, ȷʵ˸ͷ
Ĺס͸㣬Ĵ, ЦЦһ, 𣿡
㻹ȻֹԡмһĻ, ƺ, , ˵˲׼ô
, ᡣеĽ, ֻǻһɰĽֺ, 
𡢱ӰЦ, һֻŲϥǣɿ
ôеˣ
ڵɫĳӨĽűһǣ漴ɿ֡
֫һ㵵СͽܣСߣ
Ľź㡣̩ȻػѲɣƽʱݵĽţ
ûаü˼ػص˭ݽŰ
˵ͷǴɡ
˵գµضȥˮˡ
̬ʵ̫Ȼ񷽲һѰľٶڴϣԼˡ
ӦֻСͽܱ׽Ķɣƽʱϲ䱧һûʲôֵôСֵġ
˼ȥʱСͽҲˡ
ҹҿ𣿡۰Ͱ͵ضճϦ𣿡
ԣնؾܾˣԼȥ
ƲƲǣһӭ꣬һ˵ֵˡ
⣬ˡ齣ʹתҪأǹԹԻȥޡ
ľżƵıſߣȻץסſŤĲұ֤ҹҪٰˡ
Ų΢٣˫ӿһᶨСͽָܵ
Сͽüþյĵɿ֣ǰһǰ֣
СߣͺһسСͽһ̵ʧǰ
ӴԽԽˣ´ηǵҸᣬúýѵһٲɡ
¸ڻָһƬžվſڣһ򳿡
ˡһӰԺ
Ϧҹ㲻ˡЪŰɡ
򳿱صҾˡ
̾Ϣһ򳿣֪ΪҪȡ֣
ǰӴӦҪ֣úȡˡ򳿡һ
̧ʵҡҡͷ֪
򳿣һνָɫؽ͵Ҹȡ֣ϣһգȥѰԼĹںڰ֮С
򳿿ͻȻϥأ𷣡
ҷʲôˣö˶˵ôֹˣ
򳿴Դһˣ˲Żߡ
ĶȥˣЦԷǣ߹ȥҲߵģһڻʹһգһڷԡ
꣬ڳ̽ᷢչ֮Σա
һڹɱǰбΪһĿǰ״治һܿס
򳿳Ĭƺ˼ִҪߣ򳿾͸һߡ
ʱͷ¿εЦЦҪݺúϢ
Ӧǣˡ
һ¡ֽסͳһö˿ңѹŰɡ
㶣˵ĴߴУɵֽӹҡ
ȥɡ˻֣µһ꣬һӲҪء
ңһݷŵıӰתʧڳҹɫС
***
ʼʹһϲ֮γԱȵǣսµĹۡ
壬ǰ巵׼ƼϣҲһ⡣
ˡۣ˵˿աȺ硭
ģ΢һа׵µҪ˵ʲôѾڷأ֤һʧ
ȡۼѵؿһɤ©ķ䣬ȷ󳼣Ҫ
΢סֻصԥһ£ʵأ
Ŀɢضеһ㣬塢ˣ
صػϵĻ»ӡ
۴һȱϯ
ǡӦһ
ٹ춯㡢޵Ŀͣٹۼһһٵá̫ˡ
΢ס
۱ˣȥա
ʱǰչ˻ϵԪ˸档
Ԫ񣬡һ˵
ԪʾŮ£ſڵ˵ָʾ֤ݶˡ
ʵگ飿
ջԪ侲εˣչ
˶٣Ҳ֪ҪһλΪ
Ԫҡҡͷ
ްӰ֡صһ𣬻粽չ˺ûϡ
Ԫ΢һףʵŵҵĶأ
ģһŵĳԱţбعĿ̹ػһг䶨ҪĶ΢һ˫ַϡ
áԪӯӯݵǱԤףˣ쿪ʤɹ
ֻ񣺡롣
***
ҹ˯еĻʹš
ڰǰ䣬ϺõǺʼѩ׵ֽϣӺˮĺһһ֡
ˡƿţ˺˰ܳ֡
ͷҲأʷɬΪγģ
ԣֳס棬˵鷨֪ҹж˯ţ
Ҳ˯Űһأ̧ЦϾҪɵģıλĴ¡
΢΢һЦҲҲҪɿĴ¡
ִ˽ѵǡҲЦ̶ɫΣǱ˵ͨ𣿡
ᡰһ㲻˽˾Խˮ֮ǵӿȪ౨
ɫ䣬Ҳ˽˽͹ˡ
ô꣬ǶǶ˷ȷʵû˵ת˸أɳ۶ĻĴм֮飬ԲŻԥӦٻؾûпǹ᲻һ壿
ʷؾı֮ﹹݣûȡȨӲοȨеʱʱؾ
аȻԭ˵ȷʵǳС
ѵִҪվͬһսߣҲû취ˡ
üؿ֪㶨ȫ׼һϣܷһͷ㱣֤ȨλҰġ
¶ӣһƬ
İɣݵĳĬ䴽ͳһɫƿȰסܿɣ
褵Ŀ䵽ϣǡ
ֻ˯ȵ˯ⳡ䡣ƿݵǰʲôá
ԥƬֽ̣ӹá
ʱȻһϤġ
һջ֣ʶѹɤˣҸط
£΢һüΪҪֲ͵.Ұˡ
һʱòӦƿš
һ˲Ŀԣɫ䣬һǺˣ
Сߣ侲㣡Сͽߣִˣġ
Ȼɫδתɭ䣺ҹΪйУһң
лҪ˵
ҽֹͣ£
̣ҹģйУֹ£
ִˣȵȣôýе죿



71 Ϸ
ʲôйУ΢΢ü, ˳Сͽܵ䣬ִԲ, ˵
ջĿ⣬תԻʲôԲߣҪҹ
¡褰нҩƿЦŴ
ɨһۣԭ㡣
̧ɫع۲Ž£漴ʵΪ˵¼ںδ
ʱΪɳ۵İ빬Զ˷㼫ڹ߶, Ȼûлλ乬ﳤ߻ӡ
ǰٶ빬, ȥǰ, Ӧͷһμǡ
ȿȡаŮװǴΣʱڵ
㲻ǵ𣿡ȻҲͬһ, Ц, ǳμ棬Ҳͽ³
Գһ˿ãȻ, μ桭
˳ڹҹ, ǵԼʱ־һ¹, ֻǹƢЩꡪ
δ, 뱾׽
Ȼ㣿ʯ֮, ˿ĪϤ, ǸСӣ

Ц, ˵ˣ¾ǸʶôСӡ
ִһ㵣ƺԽܷСӾ˸ߴ͵Ľ¡
ɫڣ̸ˣִ˱ذɣˡ
ǸѸٻָɫִˣȻȥЪϢռƻ¼ɡ
Ӧס
ǰ÷˼˽һۣڶԷĿŶ
ֻʣʦͽˣصǰ֣ôˣкҪ£
û¾Ͳ𣿡ĵΪЪϢˣû뷿лпˡ
ִ跨ס壬˵ǲ¶Ƶ㣬ҹ͵޽ġ
ȦסǰϸϣԹ˯š
գȻ̧СͽܵĿǣ㱣֤һʧ
ʵ˯ţû˵ʵתʵȻˣΪҲ˯ţ
ǰ˯ˡҵ٩ʹˣ˯Ҳǰˡ
˵˲ս˸첲طأԶᡣ
ʱţݹ᾵곤˶һˣȴһޣ绪ò
··δϣһ˿ۼ
ʧЦԶᣬԶʮˣֲǲϲ֡
ס֣ڴϾزţ᳤꣬һǡ
ʺ΢٣ˣ֪ˡԹԻȥ˯һһнԻ᳾䶨
Ҳӻ˻Σ˯ˣٻȥ
ֲСͽܣջǷëʣ˴齡
ڴϣһش
Сߣ˯šϵǵĿʵԺӣЦ
ı죬Ҹһ˯ǰ£˯ˡ
ǰ˯ʱҲ˯ǰ£ȻһЩδŵ£ӡ
ð˵ɡһ΢䣬Ҫ˯ţ
ǰһǳ˵ӵλɰСѹɤŻ٣ƵҴߡ
֪У˯ϮĺỺȡ
ע񾲵˯գúڰĶͷëһǡ
Σҵ
***
峿󣬻ϴ崺ȷϽѲѵλ
մӺȺ³ʱ־Уʵ۽ʩ£͢ʱѭ֮һͬ硣
˴ǰ巵ӭʥݡ
۲أ֧Ų磬ڷڵ齣λ󳼹Ȼ硣
ԪΪ۴ɫֻۣĻϹ񣬴Ҳû˴ǰϡ
ϡ񣬡һ׼׵
ա
ڴʱչɫŵСܽϣϴ²ˣ̫ӵگ鲻ˣ
ȿȡһͿ㡭گȿȡ
ūҲ֪گΪλʧչؿͷ֪˴ˡ
Īگһᶪʧġڵ˹֪گںδ
һԺŵ˹Ӧ˷ģگС˱ܣ
گ顪չʶԣȻС㾹ҡ
֣ɷ˵չ
󵨣δӦ졢콫ūš
ϢŭڴͷĹۣϻ˳ֻǴ֮λ²ǻ֮ˡ
˵ʲô¶㵣漴ŭɶ㡢㾹ҿȿȿȡ
һҵĿԺ󣬹ᵹϡ
ϱҪǰһ£Ͳλϲˡ
ۺشҡ͡ڳ⣬塭
֮⣬ƺԤף۹ȻûѡΪ
΢΢һЦ˿ӦУϾͱǹˡ
˷פڳⲻ٣ûɳ۵κ˶ָӲ⼸
һֱӱȥ
Ԫֲֵóһҩ裬ǿιϱ塣
ۻعⷵհ㣬ȻץסԪ֣Ӫʱ㡢СŪƣ
Ӫô֪ϻǲǵýص򾫱ɫݣˣǰŸϻʢ΢Ҳ֪սɱսĸŵӪ˭ʤһأ
ȡԵûˣѴǰԭˡԭˣ
סջڵأϣūʶ˲尡
ֶȰϣ΢ԸѪɺӣ˳õĽ
⡢ҲТġ۷Ѿָ̧ʹ㸸һұȴҡ۾ϣıλ޵ϹۣšŻΪ
ϴԲӣҸЧڴӺңȻЧڴӺңһδı۽ޣһֱµ۵ǻȨ䣬»ϸӦø˲ǡ
ɫ롭
Ϊý˳صǻ˾ⶩһگ顣ת΢׼ټлˣ׼
㡢롪ĴɤȴȻʧֻܷպյ졣
ϣҰЪϢɡʱԪȻ֣˻Ὣһа׵ġ
ͫŵŵİݲƵ˫ڿкҵػš
Ԫȴûٿһۡ
***
ʱ۰׵󻺲
λ½½غк
˴ȺȼɭϣسƷ¹Աڵ磬йѫ߻ʵյ⡣
ˡλϯλϣ֡
һЦ߹ȥҾкδͽ̣
Ⱥ磬ˡϹһαЦݣǿϧߵܣֵĳȴȱϯ
˵𣿡һ˲һͳԵɤ
Ц˲ͣѿڶô
ü΢תңңĽ¡
ͬʱ˽˲
һɫۣǸվ±ɢһɱ˵ƣ˲ֱӡ
˫ʯĳУȴӳһͦεӰ
˶һۺ񣺡¡
Ψһ̨ϷҪˡ
лҪ˵
Ŵ̼ʱҪˣ
¶̧ͷף˳˳ƣ۸ҷ



72 
һ, Ȼˣ׷, ¡
λ񡣡Ӧһʵ֪ˣλã
ЦȻ롣
׼ȴڻ
ߵܣ˿ϧȱϯʰ沿飬Ŀ̽ضѵߵܵѾˣ
һۣ¶ɫĸûʲôˡ
ǾͺãǾͺð׽Ŀת, ƤЦⲻЦ, , һ˵
ػص΢ְˡܴ
Ǹ, ӳ, ֱ߿ˡ
õͻȻһĪĲ, , Ｘ, ܿҴȥ
һԵĿ򽫳µС۵, Ϣ߳ڵ
ʱ, ׼ʱ硣
˾, ӹ˾, ֹڣ󳼷׷ϯڴ룬йݴ񣬹ףʥ꼪飬޽
ͬʱĳɽꡣ
˹÷λҲ෽ʥϿͣʾʶƵ
һǺϯʽʼ
ⳡȺʳߣڵÿʮֲƷʳϷɵģܵģˮεģɽ亣ζɶƳζʡ
ǹʥδ٣ղʱྲ
ʮλε輧룬ֶٶ֣輧˿裬˼ΪĿ
λˣҴӺ֮ϯ;ִȺ磬屧游ʾλһ
¿ˡ˼ģӦǳȾף²ǡ
ڸθ؏˵ò
ţʩҲվһ½½վ೯ͷӶԥ֮С
־Ϊմ֮λ֮ȸΪ
ٴϯλϣи˹ʹ˸ɫ
˶⣬ɤӣλүˣʥϿͣȺ磬лϵگ顣
أݵľĬ漴ȵ͹һˮͻȻը˹
лϣ롣˹С̫нӹʥֹּ˫лϡ
лŹ̨ϣʱѹһء
ֱͦعǰͷ鶯ȫȻ˽ּ׼
˻ʵۣگԻӰɣ𣬡޷گǻҹڳδڣݡձӢ棬ʴФ޹ܿ˳дͳء𢣬ԲᱦΪ̫ӣλ1
δ䣬Ծ
ܣ͵վлϣǷگ飿
лػصϳҡ
ɵлϣմӺ񷨣ףôܻ߻Ϊ̫ӣ
ϴְѺԹ𣿡ִףҲֲ£
һֱûʲôڸеͿƽʱ޶࣬Ͳ˰ա
Ҫȥʣҧҧگ⣡ϣ
˵գȻ뵱ǿڵ
Ѹٳ崺ɫµصסȥ·ʥκ˲ýӽڵ
˹ʱԲλүλˣگʥ⣬˾ڸͬȷϣдġ
ⲻ񷨣ڵҪʥϣ
δ񷨣ڵսʱ룬ղף˵׶Ǿơ
ɫڣڵʵǽƾʲôƾƣ
ƾ츧ֱͷܣ˻ñ߾հһһ䣬Ϊ˴Ӻɱ֮ʱʲôأ
ҡױ仰ҭˣһʱ벻Ļ
λ뿴ýۣһΪΪܵ˰̣һβɤѵü
¹ڣϲŭѱ棺䣬˭䣿𣿡
һƬţͷȥ֨
ʤ̲֮λǻ̾ȵģڸθ؏ͼŤתƣگִ̫٣ջسݺ飡
ЦһشˣϿگڣҪּ𣿡
ˣײαװֱ˺ƤЮʥϣٴʥּ޿ˡˣ
ӵһȺˢˢٵָˣڶʱףеСĴӵ£±꼰
£Ǻ⣿治ɫı𣿡
ūţͷﱾһ֣Ƚ£
Ȼһ̣ӿһ˵˶ûӦɾĨһĲӡ
Ѫ罦ڳñͷĴܣ̲סվ磡ˣʲôú˵αص򣿡
£˳ȶ֣ڳλԿ֤Ц⣬ˣ£
ҧгݵ߲ܶͻ빬Ϊӵõ
ŲæЦЦ˿̿ѱˣ»ǲԼɣУ
ӦǰҪ³
˵ʱʱ죬ҲͻȻˣ崺˲ϡ
һ޴ˣ
һɲǣͫ巴ӦָӣͬһͷŭҰްǰȥ
𶯣һ崺΢һʹ޳ĲʱӳһѪۣϸƤ⣬ɾס崺һ
ĽŲʱԭأҲֹס˶
״ſشЦһû뵽ؼʱ̻﷭ɣ
ָӡ΢΢֮ֺαأ
ľܣְΪ²вˣɡ
£ǹѱŰΧǷҲһİΣɳ侲Ĵǽռ΢ˣҲѷɰ
ɫһΪ˽ɽ𢣬ĸһⱾĿԣ˳ȥ
֮⣬ٹ
΢һϧһЦûҿСͽܵɫֻԸУ¡
ң״һ
ڲϵ崺һ˿ȵˣۣ
ȷʵûᱳѽεؿЦһҪˣһˣһСأ
ֵʶֽ˽ȴһ£ôˣ
£㱣֤һСضȫʬҲް֮աʱһɭдɤ
һ𣬶Ͻ¿ɲ񣬾Ȼ
ҪĹͼǰȥ˱
һҽУһĺ󱳣ֱӽ߷˳ȥ
Ѹǰѹס졣
ͳ˳Ĵһһ߹ȥչµڳŵ㣬ֻҪ˿¾׷κ𡣡
һȻˣȥ
ģɷˣʡ
û֡
Դ˽עҲûгͷ֮աű˳׼ܿգһŻᱻ¹ƻ󣬵ˮ
һ㣬һλʧܣôͼ˵³Իٲ
һļˣһǰ;ɫȰţ崺иһ˲䣬ͽץס˷ĵУԼķ
Ѹײڶ֮ƣһͬʱһԷϥǡ
˿գԴĽһӵϣס
ûˣûˡһűǰɤг˽ٺĲûˣ
Բ𡭡һž󱳶亹ʪ͸ˡ
ɤ˵˿ҵķұ¶ֻ̫ܺݺϢȷԼе˺ܰȫ
ƬκƿСͽܡ
Ŀ֮£˻ǵñӡ
̫ӵ¡һڣĿⴥѪ֣ܾ˲߽⣬ѪˣöѪ
һСˣ¡³һոβɣ
***
ҹʹ¹ڳš
ѪɾҲص巵ڴϣ΢ԺԲơ
򵥰һ֣Ӧȥһ棬˼ңʲôδ˵Ը
ʡ̤ڵǰټʲôԸ𣿡
۷˫ۣߡ߽һ㡭
ĬƬ̣ǰһ
ľѳۡҲ֪ĶȻ̧ץס䣬ҪסܷλաҲܶĽɽ
ƽʷģҵġ
޴Сıǡڹһ죬ʱնᡢ¡ƴһ϶ؽûСȨλҰģǻ󡭡Ȼλ̫һĲɽ֮ϣɽۻŻŻҳӡһ򾡣򡭡򲻿Ͻɽ
һ龫ǣǻǰֵܶǻ̫󶷣Ϊ˲ûȨ䣬ľѪûȴΪѣܸıۣ
һԲƺĻ˽ȥ
ĿѣʵۣĴӦޡɱձɱ֮
˷ӦӸɿݵָק˳Ӹµظĸʣһ죬Ȩ㳯ҰΣ
۵ɴ˺ڶӣ㡢㡭
ЦһֻҪϲҪҽϽɽ˫ַϣΣ
лҪ˵
̣λʲôɽʲôֻҪˣСߡ
СߣҲģ
ֿʼѿǰɣ
ע͡1ʷگ顣



73 µ۵ǻ
ۡһ, һںѪ罦
ѪҺסϷŹ˻Ƶ, һ۶޷³
ʣ˵ʲôϵЦ죬һģ֮ĸ𣿡
۵Ȼشˣͬһ㣬һһʹࡣ
ʵͻСʱҴţżӡⲽĮһ͵͵乬ǡ̫Ȱظͷ, ֵǵ, ȴڿʱ, ˲תΪ񣬷·ۡشǳ⹬, ŵùƴؽҸϻ乬, ·ˤϥǣ˺ü졣
ת, Цûϵ, ڷ̫֮, ֽƤĥ, һѴҡ𼤶, ⲻҲĬ, Ĭ, һ
۳ش
ˣΪʲôΪӣȴ磬ԭһжǰҵĸͰϵЦʧˣԽԽɭô꣬ϣ乬ڴսϣϧҲˣΡ㾡ɷѿģͷӮȴңһܲİɣ
΢΢ڱӺ¶ȣĽɽĻλ˵һĲֵϣ½һôأ
㡭żλĴвӿһɹɺѪ
ĿͶˣҪߺ벻µ϶һʮԩžۡأõЦˣʮ˲úעҰɣʡ
䣬˫ĿԲһ
͡ƲסԼȻЦ˳ôôЦ
Цֶܿ⴫һŲʱ˷Ц
ϤȪɤСߣҽˡ
ƬκŶ룬ֻߴͦε㶵վǰ
΢΢ü첽ǰʲôʱϵ
ոաȻγѣתиֳãȻ޴룬
ǰһֽ̧뻳УſıһҲˣûжԲסĵط
ΪӺĻʵۣһνҵҵСӵĸס
ľ棬˵õĽ֡
巵Ŵ󿪣˹˼ϸɤϣݱˡ
ƳɥɪĶҹԵøⱯ
ʹһأѱı˷
ͬʱɥƫƧ乬˯еԹ
ͷɢϸϸһһɥӣȻ״شЦɰɣȥˣȥҰͷɣ
ЦѻЦõϷЦʳЦɤ˻Ʋֻعʬš
***
ʮȵۼݱ̫ӷگ̳дͳ
丸Ӧ뾩ɥһ磬ڳ⣬ӭ󽫾
䣬˻ǽŰɡ̲סȰһӡ
ϵĺã¡
ûۼԭλݵĴ磬ֻͨţȷʵЩ档
ú󣬺¡¡ԶԶһƥߴ׳ĺɫͷɳ۶漴ĳ㳤˻
ļƥͣ¡
ڴ̧һװİӡ
߰˳ߣüĿӢ˲ķԲаӥսնɱǧ
Լĳ࣬Ȼûһ˿
СһԾ£ĺ´һ˿пһأ㳤ˡ
硣кһ鲢֮⣬Ͷ٣빬ʥҲЪϢ
áĸѾõĵܵһ
ȵɥڣδصԷأ£ʱ̻ضŻʹ
Ԥǰдһı˭Ҳ͸󽫾˶򱱴뾩
빬ǰлʵǰµߵ
ܿ죬δǻµ۱鷿ټ򽫾̸һ԰ֳ
ֻʣֵܶʱü𱸵С̫ðˡ
ػصɹʣҺҵ
뾩븸ֻƽƽȫ˷档Ŀضֻһ仰ΪԼ·
΢һüָ·ǣ
жĥɱ¿ӣҪ𣿡֪ˣֽϵλֳӵأΪµݵ㼸ʱ
ģҾҡ΢΢һЦʧʱһʧӰ١
ͼŻ֪粢Ǵ⣬ֻǵİΣ
ԣôܲԼҺ·أת䵭Ը뾩Смµ۵ǻ󣬴缴̷ıգҾ۸֡
***
ȵɥһӺӭµ۵ǻĴϲӡ
ʱ̣ϴһǰǬ
ʱ޹ڣͭǰĮžǵɫӰһ԰ڷȨĺڽۡ
ڵڵĹǴһ˭ҲҶǰµ۵˸µʱ
Сߡʥϡֱ̤޵Ц˳ţϲʥϡ
ãҸ׼ۡµ˲¶Ц⣬תһ֣С̫Ŵ۳ǰ
ֲ壬ʲôۣЦŴȤߣʥϣ΢ɲʥϷͷ
壬֮ϵĵʦֱ֣һѽǰҸ°ɡ
һЦԹµ۴룬ϸϸչϵÿһ˿塣
ÿ𣿡ȫ̴Цϲ𣿡
˫ֺϱסݵ׼ϲϲҪ
һ˲̵סѩֹĶ
Ҫĳһգգ۵ףֻϲҲŻϲ
ʧЦĵʵ۵ˣСͽô
ϲЭӢϣʺ㡣
ָĥѩϱƤɿ֣ΪЦֵˡ
źС̫ͷҲ̧˫ϴۡ
չ˫ۣµΪԼ¡
ܿ죬һ˿
һһظļ羱ֱۣǰأ󱳣е֫ҲûŹ
ܸŲ˫ֵȶȷ·ܴ͸Ƶģ̵˶㡣
𶯣Ѹ̧סĺ󾱣Լ˴ۻûء
ȵϢڶϣĶʱһ糺죬Ӷ΢΢˲
СߡԼСͽ̫ܽһЩ޴⴩µַ̫ĥˣԼɡ
ĥ䣿ԽľζֻǺܡµȤˡ
Ȼһ£ʱһԵȤˡ
лҪ˵
һ¾ǱڴѾõİ춼׼ʱٺٺٺ١



74 Ҫ㣬
Ȥ΢΢ü, ͼͭǽڰĻ㵱ڸż޴ױô
żĶÿ۽, Ƴ͸Ķ⣬ʿɶֹɿ˫֣һ㴭ϢĿռ䡣
ȡǲһյ¶Ϊɫÿ
δʣһۣѽһ쾻Ի
Ц⣺ԻĻ
Ƥӱͬȥ΢΢ż, ֽʮ켹µ۷
ȥ, ҵСߡһ, ӯˮһУӳµۿ, ȥ, ҵʥϡ
մӺ񷨣ǻʼǰ, µҪٹ, ׯϵؼ
µļݽʱ, ֵէ, Ρ׳Ļʹ, µֻվҫ۵Ĺ, ңң
ǹŹ, վڸ̨֮ϵеȴһɢŲɱӵɹâ
һӺ󣬼ʱ䡣
ģʰϣƷϴȻ̤ǵԱжӺڴǰ㳡롣
·ɫȻ
ʥϼݵƬκ⴫̫ϳɤ漴һߴӰӳ
µͷʮ켣һīۣڡڡ°ڽԽ˿壬
ӺұɫΪ𣬵µкڣԽ𣬺ڽ˴Ӻɫ
Ŀµ̤ףһһϸ̨תϵ֮ϡ
µ۾Ӹ£ģ·ⳡʢ¡صĵǻءϣͬѪͳ߹͸һϣѹ˴򲻸ֱ̧ӡ
ڳҲûܷ֣µ۵Ŀеڵĳ
˽һϮۣĵôݰףڷѩiݺЦ̵βǣƫ˿ͦΣ󣬽˲.֮⡣
Ŀնӣ΢һףͬÿһθСͽܿ϶Ŀĵ
ֻһۣڵɫٿȻĳȥ
ͬʱһ˹ʼֿ߳ڵļλگ顣
ϣ˹򡪡
ǵ⣬ʱѹѹһƬ
˹һߵףߵףߵס
ٹٷأɽ꣺꣬ꡪ
ϣӺµʽλ
˻ʵۣگԻƬκ˹չʥּᣬָ֪֮ͬʦ֮Ϯһȹ̫ܽմˡ
ÿۣлּл¡
̫񡣡ϵĵڵ
ƽػм䡣
˹ʥּڴ˴µ۵ǻйߣ͡
µ۵ǻһ裬Իʵ״ΰ䲼گʽˡԪꡱ
***
µ۵ǻͬڷٹ٣
ڲǰڲŷһѪӰ˵࣬λȴԴ˵شһ˿Ӱ
ܿ죬˿ò輧裬ս
Ϊ̫ݵλлϣµ۵ǻĴ󹦳˴У㲻ǰʹϵ
ִյΪչֺͰ׵Ʒʣ߲ܣ΢Цͬ
κʵڿˣϯǰȰ̫ӲЩΪá
ˣҲһɡյЦӯӯм֮飬Աھˡ
Сͽ̵꣬ûԶʢԼĪͷˡ
ʦҲõӦеķͣձµ۷Ϊڸθһ˳һλ󳼡
֮䣬ֺα˵ЩһЦײ̷ӵ꣬ٱյ֮ϣ̫顣
˶ǡһۣ棬һ
ⲻ֪һĻڸ̨ϵµ˲ͱζ
ϰŽյָĦ.أĥĥ
޲õڽץĿض˺һŻ˹һ
˹ڳˣ񣺡ˡ
̧ôˣ
˹ս˶࣬ѹɤΪʥϴ
䣬ʶλײ˫ĳʱһ
ôԶǵȴʵʰϣƵձ
˿ߣѸƲĿ⣬лص֪ˣȥɡ
ձþҹµ۽ģ뿪˷
ʥһߣ޹˼ɣǡ
˺һѰһȦҲûˣֵϿףȥĶˣ
ȵ첱Ӵ֣Ȼֶشصִ֪ˣҾһ
褣
***
֨ѽһƿصĵţʥϣ
ǵһƬڣûӦ
ˡһڡѽ
еβתΪһǱһѴᱧ
ϤŵϢϮ漴ֵõӣҪ
ЦֵҽĻ
ڵдã˫ϰߺڰһһȵ̤ףСؽ˷ŵϡ
ȼĺһأŷԼȻϣʶȥȴһֻסˡ
𣿡΢䣬Ҿãʺ
ЩЦǵˣʺˣ
µۻҡҡͷ
˵գϥأǣ˵ʦ֡
ֻҤɰӨ޳Ψһһ˿覴ñǻڴһɫ˰̡
µӡǣȻ¸ӡ
ϵŷָ⣬˳ָ˰̴סСһ
ŹֵĴԻڴһ飬ԾСߣ𡭡
ʲôĵ̧Ŀȶʦ
ڸߴϵϣݵαĵСۿɵ°΢ҵ̿һӭѩŭŵĺ÷þĶǡ
ΪΡΪµȼŵһȻ޹ġ
һֱ̣ڰƺݷʲôΣա
ҪĶ𣿡ٿԼɫȶԣ£
飬ʶܿ񣬡ģҲġ
Сͽܸòᡭ
ΪԼҪʵ۰ɣ
˼ˣվһ˲ȴֱ°˻ȥ
һΣµøߴ̵ڱϵϣ½ᣬҲ
һָץסʵֱۣСߡȷſҡ
̫ˣ֮ľ̫ˡ
СͽҲϲ׽Щӵճ˵ģʱ˿̣ĵϳһԣӵȼֱҪ
̵
ţҲş̌£ס΢ĺ󱳣˫޴źͨͨĶ⣬óԸɷҲһͷ
ʱµ𽥷ͣκطʵʲôͷ
һһµظļȨλ£ЩҪġ
㡭ҪʲôŴۣȴԼǿƤǿҪˡ
õҧѾõĶ֣Ҫ㣬
䡱һĴз·ʲôըˣ֪شһСߡ
СͽҪ
Ҫʲô
ݷĥŸȵĶعĻᣬɤƵعƻҹһ𡭡ŪΣòã
Ĵ۱һȴûȫ£ǲضѻڸ߸ߵϡ
ǱΣǰ̵ĥ֮£ܲסץסη֡
ָⲻԾֱܿһֻ׽˻ȥʮָ۵ƣĺˮǵزһ
ءĵʦɤＷݵļӲθۣ̲ܵסһ¡
ĵ̾һôɲа
ĶĶأ
˵ģֽ̧УԼϣɴڽ۽֯һ

캬÷㣬þƯׯϵĽǵУڰŨˡ
ʵŪģͦıһһ²䶯Ž۵Ĳʱ̣µ̾Ϣ૵Ūģ
̳.ŪԶٲݡ
лҪ˵
Сڸ˶ѵģ֮Σ˺ٺٺ١
ˣ¾ˣplayʲôģǺϸ˵ȿȡ



75 
ҹʱ, µۻһ߻˳Ǭ
ĵɢһΣյϢ·е, ԶԶûбιʱҧһڽ˲ҲЩ
ĺڽ۲΢壬ڼס˻ˣü˳۵ڻȻ˵ݡ
ʵͲס棬۽ȴֻƳһĨ޵ĺ죬µ°ɢڰУ˷ķƮ͡
̤޵ŵطϡ
š˯е˷һߣϸβ·СèצƵģϲ᲻صһ¡
δƽϢȼ˲ϯ, ͷһ, ָա
ȴʶƫ, ƺҪ㿪ε
׼㣬޳ָſ, ס˻ȥ, ̵úˣ
õ͵͵˵, űĴָĥʪĴ, Ƭκ, ̲ס̽̽롣
Ҫü, ؿܵ
ѹҪݺݽŪһʩ, ջ¡, ̾һ
ô, ûж浶ʵǹأͽܲסˣʱô찡
ҹ޼ӵˬǣʧأֱ޷񡭡
κµǣֻƯ֣ʪһǣÿϰˣ
ԼҲ֪ĵ޻ܱסʱ
***
գէйʱԳ˯
ĴһƬɤҲƵҪðɷܵĵ
سϰɨһȦԼڡ
ϣ
ֱӣҲļȿֺӿԺС
ҹȻµκΪء
ֱӰһۣȻȴ赲ԺиֵĻ档
ϴһҹƣ˵ԼֻǵСͽܡ
Ȼҹµ۵ĹƻȨ۷ϣȫ˶ϣء
ס
һ飬ʶЩ飬Ŀˡ
Ը˼齣ѰԼۣȴ⴫OO@@졣
ˡС̣ŵ˽ˡ
׼ߵĪһ˿˿飬ɤӣʵƼҵô
ʥū׼µۡСӽȫµʯ۳ǰȥūź˸¡
ü΢ʥȥĶˣ
Сӻصʥȥ糯ˣǰԸκ˲ôŴˡūҲڶŸҽ
۽ޣչ˫ۣСź¡
ԺȴȻֳһĻֻǽڷĴ֣ص°̽
й͵ͽһŵСһؿ
޹ء̾һɣ˴ҺøϽ뿪
ص¸ʱǽͷˡ
µ۵ǻҲöزأֻҹ⣬ûû뵽Ӿһҹδ顣
ǽʲôһۣãҪ˵
Ĭظ߽ڡ
ʱСҲӭӣˣ
ҵ裬ɤָۡ෢ǵ̫Ѩ
СֽصһȲ裬ʵӣҹЪڵʥ޵𣿡
һ٣װ£ǰСĺˡ
ԣҹСͽܶˣƺΪ
ˣҪ˵ʲô£ʵ
عմıʱһ߰ɡ
㶣ڶǴӦ˲ߣ
ҲǸߣֻһ͵ҲҪı㲻ҴȥһңҳҲҪıġ
СҲˣҪı
صֻǡ
䣬СӡͨһȥӴһߣ
ֱҪ͡ˣεһҹӲ٣·ڶ浽Ҫߵһ죬Ҳһǰŵ׵
ֱӣ˵İֻˡ
ðɺðɡ˵ı㣬һǰкʲôʱȥȥ
һĬĬһԡ
²յˣʥ٣˵ӲҪ
СӶʱˣĶ
дʣڶ𣿡ҹ徻ա
ŶСƶǶ׷ʵҪʥأ
Ҳš侲˵ҵ˼ӦòӲ
СӺ򳿶һۣɸо쬵ġ
***
ϣʥٳ˱ŸȴʲôҲû˵ԭ·ˡ
Ҳֻܿգµ۵ǻ󣬻ָһƶȣΪָ̫ʹһٶȱϯ糯
ɫʱٹų̤̫͵վ
̫һʯۣ˷ǰ
ʥϼݵϸͨʥϵӰڽǵϡ
ٹߵ񣬶µԴþ̫ͣϡ
ƽͳöɤ
Ŀ΢´ŬϵǵĿ⡣
ʼСĽձࡣ
ʱգٹǷֱȵۣλµȻϲŭ޳Ī⣬֪һ仰ʹۡ
ͬʱµչֳ˲ʴȶ£ֻ˳һ漰ıλĴ󳼣ٶǣ˲ֹԱĻᡣ
һսսı
ʥϣбࡣλУְݵ
ʥϵĿ̫ϣɤв͸һ˿ã̫뽲
Թʮ빬һֱסڹУҲ˸óʱˡɫ糣ɴʥϣʥϣ׼ڻʳ޽ۡ
䣬ϵĵɫһ
̫֮УԹû⳼ں󹬵ӣȷΪ̫޽ۡˡ
ʥһԲض̫ǵһƬš
ðκڻصȵɥڲŹ˴ľݺ顣
ΪҴľʥϴͳһլӣס˼ɡ
Цһ˹Ϊ̫˲ʣ
ֳаһ
µ۸յǻһͽӺͿˣȴȲҪŻµ
ʱ̲ݱаݵǰڸθܴ˵լţʥϿɴ͸̫סϳΪ㱡̫
ԣʥƳһۡ
һݱûʼϿȲԼײˡ
У΢ͬ⼸λ˵Ŀ
ƿ۽ޣֱʥеŭ
ݵĽֺʥϷȥ׼࣡
***
³ԸСӣ׼ʰʰҡ
СȻܸˣԼĸۡ˵ˣض࣬ĶȵϹڣ
ҹڰǰд
ʱ⴫һӵĽŲСӽͰ͵ʥʥҼҹ˵
һӲɤ𣬡мԴ
ʼ΢٣ëʷŻرʼϣǰ򿪵ţɡ
˵գҲת˻ȥ
Ƭ̺󣬳صĽŲ̤ڵ
ǵúЦһ˵ɣʲô£
ǰĳɤѹԶ׼ķ籩ΪҪ
̾һ⳼һֱסںʲô
һֱסΪһǻҪȫȥ֪ˣҡ
ꡭ˸ƣ
һߣȻʵǽڣֻң𣿡
һûС
ǰһ϶Դӽǵһҹһֱҡ
ԾˣҲҹˣʲôҲǵˡ
𣿡ƽֱסأֱ̧㽫˰ϡ
ѽͺһֵס꣬ú˵𡭡
ô
˫ֳס棬޳ʵ˫۽Ȧڻǵá
ȵϢڱǼ⣬߾ȫļ䣬һԵӿ˻
ˡĻңȴŬԼ˵Ҳˣ͵ʲôû𣿡
Сͽô˵Ҫأ
Сͽܣô˼
ûкʪǰδе棬ȷϣҾ˵һ顪Ҫ㣬ʼգҪֻ㡣
һһͷĿѣ
СߣǡͼȵϢĸ飬ֻ飬Ľ뾴֮飬Ӧǡ
飡
ĵ˵ţ漴һסϸ˻ֱੲݵĺ촽
Ȼֹ
գգŨ˳۽ޣһʱûзӦ
봽һ֣Цʵأ
һ˲ٿȻ̧ס촽ˮһ۵ɵùԲд˲š
ץסһֻ֣ݾܾطŵԼǻϡ
ҵָⷢ飬͸Եָ⴫壬һҲȻʧ
ҿܿڵ鳱չȥƵס˫ѩֱ
࣡һֱȴ̵ü׵һ֣֫Ҳȥ
˫סͷ֣ͳֹƻ󣺡ףҲ𣿡
лҪ˵
С
Сߣң붼룡
ֱСߺٺٺ١
̫ɶаģСߵó֮գһϸϸ棬Ȼڿڿڿڿڵ̽԰꣡



76 治
ȵϢ, Ǽഥ, һ˲䣬ΪԼҪ޾ˡ
һ̣ѹһƿԼꡣ
㡭һڣͷԼɤӲʧˡ
Ļҵ°һ˺üһ֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
֪ɵ׷ѰĿ⣬һһٵظҰĽҹĥ
Сߣ, ư, һΪʦ, Ϊʦɶ
Զҵ, ⲢֹҰĽ
һ, ڵʵܣѧȥˣʦصģ
ла, ֮, ҲҵġĿתض
㡪һ仰ҭס, ʱˡ
Ů, ӺϡŲ, ߹ȥ, ˵õ, ¸׷֮ˣδ֮У
վסһʦʦุܶʦˡˡ
˵֣׻ûĴʣʵܶʦΥٳ˼
ٳͣ½Ų˵˵һָͽܲĽʦ
˵ʦѪԵϵֻҪ϶ˣŲʲôƨٳ
ҪҪˡ
ǿʶ粻ֻջܣ㽫Ľջȥֻ֮ʦͽ֣
ղȥأڱ¶˱ԣ޼ɵĿҪһ뱧סױ
Ļ£
һŵöſ͵СһĿ⾪ɲ򱧽򳿡
ʥϣӻ᲻˻
ڳƬ̺ĵÿֱۣͦͦعȥ
߻ذԣ¸߸߼Ľߣ
һԲ˫֣ϡ
ϵĵֻҪԸ⣬ɿǰͷ
ʦ棬治شģ֪֪
ϴ̬ȽȻͬĿƵʵĽδ֮У
㡪ǰΣٶ£ִԲ򣡡
Ųӣû
أĿȴƳֽ˿ڶˣؿڶʱһۡ
ʱΪ˾СͽסУѪĳĿµȥ֣
žһ߱ӵ˵ϣתȥú÷ʡʲôʱ֪ˣʲôʱ
ҧҧӳݷＷͳҲ֪أԶ𣿡
ǾǳĶĵӣͷϣûػص΢ҪǨʥذɣ
˫ֽճȭͷֱ˱á
Ҫʱת䣬ܱƵ̫
ܣһ̡
***
պ̫ϲǨ¾ӣûдǨ磬ͬǵĺȴһ٣ټ򸮡
Ͼ˲˵һ죬ҲǴȨգҪʸύһ
Щ֮ȤСӼ¼嵥ⷿ
ʱ⴫ͨˣ򽫾á
°ˮյӭǰȥ硣
̤żӦС
ЦЦڵ߰ɣҲǸ罤ˡ
ˡҡҡͷûʲôҪ׺ĸף
ĬƬΣصöϲΪġ
С㾿δģѹɤҰ²Ϊж粻һˡ
ʹСһֽµ۷ϻλΪһ֮֮ϵ̫Ƕǰʱ޵ÿ촭۵ܡ
磬ƵΪʥɨϰˡ
ü壬˵ϣ
ϣĴӺͺñһʧ޵ĹΡ׳ʵ֧ŵѱգֻһ籩꣬ҡҡ׹ҡһȣıս֣ʵӦ
۵ǻݵĶȨĴδֹͣΪνĵ.ƽȨϧθϵȥ⼸꣬һֻ۱һֻۡ
µĽطԱ̰ԣطǿһѿգֻܲѹեײաټֲϣʳճɴ٣಻ԣǳ¡
ͬʱ໢񣬱߾СŲϣǴ֣ʼûзӺսԡ
⻼ϸ˵ԭбǻΪֻǼ˴Ӻĸ𣬶ʵõˡ
ӢüĿ䣬Գ֮ɫȵΪǣƸףУͬʱҪı׳ʼղιǵıǶŶսͱִ򡣡
ֹı֮սΪδ˼ѣ̾һ磬µ۵ǻսᣬǿʼ
ֵܶӣκ̧۵ļ磬Ŀ͸ο͸пСĳˡ
ûбãǳЦ
Ǵ绹ıʼĺܡɿ֣֣صҪʱ綨ǧﱼ۶
лл硣գգ۽ޣܽǸı͸ˡ
޹ǹվӣ
˵Цѡת磬һ·ƽ塣
ǰ̲סͷſվֻ꣬˵һ䣺ء
󽫾ޣԶ
***
ߴʽʼ򸮵
һʼȻϰߣס˶¸էһİӣҹЩϴ
źϤģֻûˡ
ûո߶߶󱧱Сͽܡ
ʱգ糯˽ʥ϶ɿдΪʵڱҪĻȥʥࡣ
ȥǰ취ţǱֿһʱ䣬һ侲תأ
ٶڵ˵ʱʱǻðͽܲĻ桭
ס
̾һСӣѬɡ
ǣӡСӶصȼѬ㣬ӣҹﻹ˯𣿡
ȿȡص㣬˯Щˡ
ͣССӵ㣬ȥϴЩЪϢջϳ
һ뵽糯Ҫǵ˵Ŀ⣬ɸеһͷۡ
ϴ齣ͼ˯⡣
˯ʼ䣬·ֻص¸
Ϥĳʩһڵϣ΢΢˫ʮСͽܡ
žһ죬һӳ鵽ݵļϣһ
ϸ룬ʶ˹ȥСͽܵӣȴ˸ա
Ȼŷִ֮˾ȻԼ
ϲϴеɫ䵭ɪɪꡣ
ȴҧأһԡ
ͷС¿ƵĴ΢䣬һ޳ȥҿһӲҵıӲ
ס֣ŭɶǰϵıӣȴֱӴֻ֡
ǣֻؿԼñһ³Сͽܣֱ֧εڵء
ѽҵıӱȽӲءڷ±ӣָε걧ԸСӣҩУŷߵ׼Űɡ
üĽǰĳȴȻһ䡣
һͷԼɿϣ򱻸߸ߵڵϡ
Ϥɤǰһߴ׳Ӱźڽ۵ͽ
Сߣһȴط֣ǰ֮˺ʵеͽƺﲻһ
˰µͬһͷƴĶǣ齣𣿡
Լһ䣺
ɫ΢漴ֵ͵ЦһʵԼ顣
δ⻰˼ҵĳ£㱻̵Ĵˡ
׵һ飬ͼͽǣ𡭡Сߣ
ҵȫǵСèƵҧסͨĶ⣬ղһӲҵġ
ءһ̣Ծһ֮Уһ̲ˮȳ總֮ҰӿȣֻܷƵ
СߣܲסľһٿȻ˫
һûԼһӰţӰס󣬱̬һ㷴ҧһ鱡Ƥ
ĿԣЦüֹһ˼ҲҰ

˵գһŽͽ´ȥ
лҪ˵
ͽûԩ㣡
̣ţ߶ˣҼˡ
ʲô˼أֻůѣ
ŴıѾµôˣڴɶݻУʽе㲻һһҪΪٺٺ١



77 
ɫ, ֻĳ, ǹ󣬸ǻһƬ
ͽǿϰβӣ˭ҹ͵ģ
Ϊ׺ݣⲻ֪һ˫һˮ٣΢΢¡ǰ⸱ģͽжôɫ㡣
ͷ˶ֽӹҽй˯̫ˡ
ҵһңҪȥҹ, ôģ
̫ˡ̧ץסϸɰĽ, ЦŻص, ˼ʳѰ, ټ, ҾҪˡ
㡪Ƥӱʱһ㱡, ΰȳ, ſң
ḡ֮ſھ, ͽǴĶѧĻë
뽫µĳ嶯, ɿ޳ָ, 𣿡
ü, ָ̧ͽ, ĶĻĶȥ
𣿡һ飬ŻȥΪжڻң
ͽΣƣ˲𷽲еˣԼ˵Էġ
ڰУ߳պһȼյĻ档
ôݵΣ
ִ޳껹ΪҪѵͽξĺ벿֣ҲͲѵԼ
죬μʲô˫ֳ࣬õرʵĪʲô
ʲôҲûУٿػعƵزμͽݺݳһ٣𣿡
΢һü棿
İĿһܼʩʪɤĳʱ̲Żᷢġ
ΪԽҹʲô˼ϴˣ
Ľδ֮У
ڤ粻飡ŭҹϮһȡ
ûסݵǣѩӡһǣȵ͵һʪۣڤ粻ˣҹϮҲϡ
þȫֻԣĿϸϸġ˯գƵѩԽʡ
еҰҹҹú¡죬ѹŲҷųһ˿һĿܡ
뵽Ŀ⿴ͱҪʹ֡
㡭ĵըһͼԼ󣬵ȴԶͽĶ֡
ᡭʪȵ಻ϵ䣬عƻҲϲΪβܸһ᣿
СߡҲ֪룬нǲԵġ
ʦͽ֣֮Ψòµ.
Ҫһǣ񼴽ɣĹѽǰôСͽܰԼһ֮·δ
ѹ򳿣
üͷһ壬
һ̣͵Ĵٴαƿ򳿸ɾطˡ
ʥҪعˡɿ󣬡ؽʥϰȫػͻع
üܵøҺòײųһˡ
򳿣ôģ޶ԣתԺҹﱻ˴ɱˣ㻹˯ǰɣ
ҡпԣֻܵϥ𷣡
ˣʥϻعɡ
׻Ǹ齣ãҲˡ
һ֮ҹķɺͳ侲ؽѵҪμݣж˫۾ʱ̶㣬жŻȥԺҪˡ
ĬſڣŵصòԼĶһ֮Ҳˡ
***
գȥ˾칫
ЩӣһֱگľڣͼͨЩûӹֵľɰҳһЩ˿Ӷһͻƿڡ
ûǰگйĿյʱеİ׶˾д󲿷ְ̲
̲ǡǡݱһϡ
ȿȡ˵ס´Լ׾ɫ԰ס
ϸϸüԽԽůˣôű¡ʱˣ
˯ãθҲԾ뵡ذ˰̫ѨʱӦþͺˡ
ԴҹƵξҹ˯ˣǳߵһҹҪѺüΣҲãθҲü
ܣȹ˺Ըӡ̾һʵȰ˵ĺӻںͷأɱȰŪˡ
Цİɣ
褲ٶ໰ʼ˵¶ѽ²
µ۵ǻ˳ΪָʹһƹŻʳ׾
˼ô
׾ԶȲӪĹģҲСǳһȲ裬̾һٺ»ɻҵףͶвͨġ
ﶼЩѫӵܣˣòЦдҰģô֧ܲأ
ҲЦãҾȥʥˡ
һ˼ִ֣ʾԼл˵
褲չȥʲô£
ǿһ㿴λܵشһ
ִˣˡƬ̺󣬿²òλ˵̸
Ҳ˵ˣ̧ôˣ
ʵʥǰ鷿̡
ü΢˵ʲô𣿡
⡭ʥϻû˵Ӻף¸֪¡
˿Ƶû˵ʲô£ȥ
ҲʲôҪ¡
У
Ҵ˺á԰
ôʥϣٸӰɡҡҡͷȨսһٶӣʦͽҲס
㲻
Ҫֻʦͽ־ͺˣؼʥֽҪģ˵Ķ
״褲Ȱ˵Ըµȥʥϣ˵屧Ϊ
һ뵽ʥĳǧ꺮ݣɴ˸ӲͷƤعȥˡ
û취Ҵ죬ҿڴ˵ϣʥҲɣ
***
ҹºɷȥ˯š
ѹ̫£ƫƫϵͳָƵģôٻضûС
֪˶ãʶʼ䣬ȻоһԺӵĿϡ
˫Ȼͽڴ齱ߣ·һĬĵܣһ
̾ϢһҹɤԵ΢ƣ类
ﲻʵһˣҲڣһûкúš
̧֣סֱۣܺãֻдʡ
ڵ͸⣬ƺȴҹɫŨù죺ô𣿡
źǵһۣСߣϴɣˡ
룿ô룿
ִ꣬ȥ̵꣬ǼӰ롣
޻̸ȴòάսϧ˵һЩ˺Ļ
ֻһлصĹ
˫ˮɵĺۣڵ׾ķ籩
ǯƵĴսǣѹȥûд
İ̬ڡ
ңСߡʶ̧һֻ֣סӲſڲԵ뽫𣿡
һߡ֣бǸڶѡ
׽סһֻϸѩ󣬲£סΰĴϡ
΢΢űͦһĻߣˣС
ˡ
ס̵Ĵ˿ϷƬ̺ͼ˿ꡣ
˫ղſ
ҧס´ʹһ˲ʪȵԲݾܾι˽ȥ
ܿ죬ƵѸתΪֱǼꤵҰڵסֱ޲һʳȥ
ءݽǵͨ죬ֻܴӽĴйһ˿鲻
ǵôԣǰһ󷢺ڣͽҪ
ιȥ֮ǰڴ󷢴ȱس봽࣬΢һ룬Ժ
Ϣл˹׾뵵ˮøˣ桢桭
һ䡰ͽȴֻǱһ
СͳԵɤ.Ѭ˻ƣ󣬡ҰɣĿҪĥˡ
лҪ˵
̣֪ǰж˰ɣ
㣬һƺ㣡
ȿأûŰٸһЩʱɡ
ʮ㾡ҲУࣣ
˵һͬ׷ŵȡ£ĺܴġ˷鷳µıǵٿҲУֻ¼µĶ߾ͱˡ



78 Լ
ҹɫŨ
˽ӵ, ȵ÷̵ĺܲɷ֡ڰŴȫй, ڵĿճ
ۿٵˮɤȴõˮ㡭ȷſ
ţš˵һһºʪĶͷһŴʪ۽ޣһ̵ͦıǼ⣬̺촽ϣ˱һ΢̵Ĵ顣
ңе𣬴Ŵ, ϵذ, , 
ӵ̫ѹͷ, ֫ٺǹս
ǿӲ̬Լ, ǰԼˣȴ΢, ͺ˵һ, Ҫһ
̫, ûгܹŨҵĸ顭
С, ǡҪˡͼӽƵĴ, ֯, ϲ, ϲء
ƺĻشΪ⣬ٶȶס˿صĴ
һ죬·ĿסӷⶺŪϸϸűҧ÷ĴʵĿ˱ɾ¾ȡĴꡣ
ֻ˫ǯӰĴ֣ʼοסϸѩ˿ط
Լһ᧿ΣǾͻȻʧصҰһȥ
·ֹǣǳ׻ɢǰɤＷģʣҴӦ㡭ǡ
Ϸĸߴһɿ˿ҪڻĴ˵ʲô
Ӧ㡭ССڴεЭ濼ǡ֮Ĺϵ
һ޴ĿϲӿϮܼΰǺҵÿһҺð㡭
ѾڵóûѻƵ۽޲бܴݲеĺǣҪԼ¡
ֹͣǣԼ£
ա˵һ£ɤë̫ˣЪϢ
ӸͲѣֻסСͽܡ
Ȼܿѹ
ɿסǵ֣ŵ˵ƣŷѩϱָ߬ۡ
ʱ۵Ըӣʲôϡ䱦ƵģԼµĺۼвϵǸԲԲֱ̫ˡ
̧ߵûˣأ΢
ҲˣҲˣҲˣ˵ӲβӲԵͽʵûˡ
ƿ۽ޣ
ѩ׵Ų죬βƯ֬죬һ۸˵Ŀģ
ֻǿƵǶѡ
Ƭ̺Ϩɵ࣬ѽ
ˡ˶ָ⣬ƣĺۡ
֡Ӧ˯źߡ
˵ʲôʶȴȻ׹˺ڰ
***
һ磬ʱֻʣһˡ
ҲǱڵֻ̫ۣϤϢаã˯УһҹΣ˯ʱѵõĺþ
ϰʶλãһƬӦˡ
֨ѽһСƿţŵ߽ӣˡ
š齣һʣʥʲôʱߵģ
СһãȻʥҹ𣿡
ҡҡͷûʲô°ɡ
Сȡ¼ϵ۷湫ӴϣͻȻ־һӣ´ôˣ
ָ̧꣬һϸ΢Ĵ۸д
첽ͭǰŷ˫ֺףǱʲôݺϸ´һƤ
ô׳СӼֱţǲˣ
Ӧǳҧİɡѿڶ˲ҩĴգԼһӡӣʱСͽô˵ţ
ûأĶĴӣСŹӣĵر֤ҹҲ˯ˣһץסǸĳӣ

ֻɶĴӣץҲô
СʣǴӲжɣһȥ½̫ҽ
û£ˮһ¡˻֣֧ҩ
ֻǿеͣжڡ
򵥴һ´ϵˣ̤ڵһ򳿡
ƬκһӰȥٵİԺˡ
ʵҹã֪𣿡
ؿһۣ֪
ҹͼסʥϣʥϕһۣǲ붯־ӣֻ𽣺ˡ
Ҷ֣¸鷳
ʥϣ㲻Ҳ̾һӦòˣȫա
***
鷿ڣʥ϶ڰǰվڸ󳼺顣
ʥϵĿϣʳָһûһµؿ棬ʲôҲû˵ڵռΪ˴Ҵһ
κʥƿƤӣϲŭѱ棺˭ޣյӶȥĶˣ
λ˭Ҳͷ
λװʥصƲִ֧˵˵ɡ
ִʵػϵĻȥһ⹲ǧʵ֧ǧһǧԤ֧һǧ˰
ʥЦһһæͷһֲ⣬һǧʵľǣװӻĶȥˣ
һأ͵ȥ
λæʹͷ
ִӲͷƤݸĿ֧İʣµȥݴ󺵣һݷˮıս³Խ
ս³Խʥ΢΢зִ˵ˣ޵úúòһ飬ȥã˭ˡ
⡭ִ˼æ̬ʥûп˿ð
ʥ̧̧֣ʾ죬˵յںδ
ԼĪһĹһ̤ڵͱҵ磬ʥϸǰߣӸˡ
΢ʥ밲µ룬
ʥر䣬ʦʥй֮
λȻֹԼͬ˦һ
ʥɫָð̫ã̫Ҳһյжס
ʥϣϳΪȥɵʧѲأҪĻǣ겻ȥˡʱлϻڵ˵ǰͷԤ㿪֧λ˱Ըеա
ʥϿһۣлϵ˼ȥĿվôˣ
Ȳͬ⣺ʥϣЩطĸ˰ѾյüˣݵĸɺȴңٲԤ㣬ֻһһȥ
䣬һƬš
ҪŤתգԴһ١Ƭκڽλˣ֡
һʥϵĳ׺ľˣȥȥպҪ
λ˻ɫȥֻʣ̫һԭء
˵ڶˣʥüۼֵ֮˲ɢɾߵǰҪһӵ
룬̫һͱܿԼµһ£ܾҪ֫Ӵ
ʲôԼ£˸գȻػع
΢΢һЦҹʥϲҲͬ𣿡
üͷ壬˵˵ǴӦңû˵Ҳ
Ļ磬Լµڶ£ҹ͵Ϯ
׷ʵֻǿʲôҲ𣿡
Լˣҹ˯
ʥϣҹҹϾô£ɫ䣬ģȻӦ濼ǣ㲻ٿ㡣
ɫĳضǵأ
¡Ʋ񣬡ʲô£㲻ԸŻֹ
Уϵؾܾ뿪أ
㿴ղŸǱˣȥŻͼ㣬ۼ㿪庣̡ʱ̫ƽʢء
ˣһֱСͽܣֱò뿪
ĬκһһٵػصҲʲô̫ƽʢֻҪ
֡΢΢ü̲סѵȻλãҪ񵣸һ֮Ρ
ǰƽһҶΣأ
Ծˣʵ㻹ô
ҲԸǰסزö
һ˲һº˵Ĵصˣ̰Ĳ㡣
ҪĲʦͽ֣ҪҪԸΪһС
࣡һһۣʧѵԼµһ£
û֫Ӵ޹̯̯֣ؾǴཻ

лҪ˵
ˣ
̣ʵʲôཻҲ֫Ӵء
ڿʼϹģٰĬ飡
˶Ϣʧܹ컹Ǿء



79 
ԼʽЧ, Ȼ˳ŵٿʥϡ
ֻҹ칫, ˽ӦҲ˻ˣʥֹҴ£һׯأʥƴڻҲſ϶
˼ʥܲˡ
֪ˡʥϵֳŶ࣬ĪﷹͰٺ»ȷʵ̫ⶨ˱׼ͷټС
ʥӢ蹰ַһ䣬΢иˡ
ŹְݵҲˡ
̫£޻Ҫ̫ʥϲؿڵ
Ųͣ, ֻĿ˳ˡ
ʥӰ˳, ǴӦٶң
ػصûж, գѾΡ
ɫ΢, ɤѹֵʵ֪˵ʲôѵ, ˹¾޻˵ˣ
Ҫÿμ涼̸۹Ҫ˽ദĻᣡ
ô, ˼ջʵ, Ͳͷˣ, ŵǻ, ٷϴ, ʱ̸Ҵ, ̸ʲô
Եǻ, ÿҹҹ˯ʱһûȱϯ糯ͷҲҪλ۲ݣѧεһûʵۣӲвͨѸٷֻ̬ǡֻһʱ䣬ҡ
϶Ӳӣ˵ԽңԽ
ȻɫһЩ
Ҳܶడ̾һڲɣЩüĿˡ
ǰϿҵ޼һһ𣿡
֮ϰ̧֣˲ɢķ˿İɣ
һסѩĳ嶯۰Ͱ͵һֻҡβĹǡһ𣿡
һ˼΢΢ףá
ˣڵٿȻĹâץס䣬ҡΣ̫ˣҪලŲС
ʧЦʵ۵ˣ
ʵϰСͽʱֽ񳤳˱ߴ׳ĵȻûʲôΥ͸С
ѹڴס
ôˣĿһֱϣʲô
ûûʲôȻתתƻҪĵ¡
˷ܵݿ˵˲̸𣿡
ͼƽϢ⣬ʵ̸ʲô
̸ȥѹɤ̸һ̸βҡ
ȴܿůĻԼ¡
ҡҡͷСԹС
˵ģԵЪŰɣźܿ졣
ȻŵûԳɣѵգܿ㱻̫̫ˡ
ڻµͨ𣺡̫̫ݵ
վһ̫̫࣬밲
Ҳ¶Ⱥĸ
̫̫һۣȰʥ֣ûĸƣû
***
𻰣Ծˣر˾
ûãмҴҸϻϣɺȫ⡣
̧ϸ˵
ȥĿʼֱӴɸ˿ʼ
ʱǰЩǨʱλͬ򸮵ĺ񣬱Сȡ񵥲ġ
һƲŷ֣ɺȫ񵥾Ȼִĺ
մӺְƷٺ»涨Ʒһٺ»ۺԼΪһʮԼ͢ĸΣҲó˴󷽣οǻɣһеְλ
в̽ȫȴִȷʵ︮ⶼĴ١
ô꣬˶ٰۼһΪʵĵмء
ȫ϶ȷƻΨһ©˸ܼӡĨһϵĺҶ˼գ㷻ĴӺ죬һ˺졣
΢һü㷻
ٺ١źһЦӢۡԣҲѹ˹
棬
һ֣ûǧټĻôţ˵⣬˸ССĹӣ϶һͺ࣬ͽ㷻Ӷˣ
ʮָͷҲû̫⣬㷻ߣȷʵƵϰܼˡ
̲סʵأֱӰѺ϶
ȱݾߡ飬ȫ˼ʹϵܲӶˡ
Ӧǣˣ
ڻǱߡЦһ˸϶Ժȥϸˡ
ԤУεӦһ㡣
***
պӭ˼λ֮͡
̫̫źĴּ̫ܲϳ˼ϸɤˣ½ּɡ
Ȼּ߲ܲƣ۹½ּ
̫һ⡣
ּܲϻܶ࣬ܽ仰̫̫ΪʣУָ檡
ˣּܲϣ̫ѵּɣ
ͷһˡɫؽּлСӣȡЩǮ
˺øѽָ̫̫ɵĿɫСָعϲ
΢΢һЦ˳ӵ檡
λһϮº£ߴӵ밲ϸҽܡ
Ŀûϣһʱ뵽ǣСͽ֪ºʲôӦ
ˡʱ¹ŵǰˣź
һ£عս𶯣ԣվǶ𶯡
¶ԭأˡ
¶ǰɣСӣλȥưźס
¶˵ʲôȴĿס죬öһ¡
˺øп˺һ֣ЦһԽûأ
һۣϧҴң޸ܡ
вԵʵΪ޸ܣ
̫̫˼ˣأⲽ˵ˣ¶á
ʥ֪ˣ׼һٴ֡
߿ºڰǰͷ۵׸ôλ
Ȼͷ۵ǣҹ¶ﾹȻÿķš
վſڣʶܿ⣬ͣﻹǶഩЩ
¶ᱡӵҧҧˣźޡ
Ұ˵Ļûסţؽ͵Ȼ̫̫򸮣򸮱㲻ǣס¼ɣ˲Ҫź򡣡
¶ҧøˣɼ檡
һᣬֱ˻ȥˣǸɾ
δüƿҹɫһŭſ
еĹŵһҲûõĶȥƿ¶ټߣ
Ȼ¶ãȻſϡһ̣һƷӭϮ
Сߣֹ侲㣡
·һֹʢŭĵ˲侲ֹȭͷڰС
ȥסʥϵֱ
ĵµپļѪ¡Ӳʯ飬ʾֱ˴˿̵״̬
ˣ涯֣ɿ֣ĸģһŮӣʲô𣿡
ⲻ֪һ仰ֵը
ʲô𣿡üⲻʲôû𡣡
ճȭͷʧصҰްڴڵͫȼһ𣬡ҽû
仰˵˵
úˣŻᡣ
̣ûסȥһѱסҵģ
ҪµζɾҵزɴᱧϷš
СߣһţѵԼ£
ϵشһ̵ĺھ̵࣬Ʋסս
ͽתǰűŭϴӹ
ͳɤȥϲŮ𣿡
׼ڣԴ
ȻûŮҲûŮˮۿˣû˱Ҹ
Ǽ䣬·ʲôˣͣһ˲޹İ
硭˹ᣬɬϲҲԴѣǼ𣿡

лҪ˵
ɲΪˡ
̣Ůװ1Ҳ1
˵ϢΪְ賿㣬һۻ˵ƭ˵ġһǽģֺϹæ࣬뵽賿ֲˣԲϢ²׼ʱҵĴոǧ˵ƭеˡ
бʶģĩȫĲ̫ģӴ󱦱ϲپд࣡



80 ӡ
һʱš
ݵľĬ, ɻԼĹ
Դĸȥʼһ˵, кܶܶǮҲûеõ
ʱ˼ԼеľעСͽϣʵӦԼĵĿȱ
Сͽܵˣ㾡ѧ̵龫ıλֽСͽҵԼڵļֵ
ڵõϲ˵ѾǶĻرˡ
ҵĿעȫȫİĽ˫ǰôܲأ
ЩʧػһСߡ
ֻҪԸⰮ, ʲô䵽ȱ, ϥ૵
, Ȳꡣ
ĵߴ˶ԽĲӢ, ɵſԼʱ, ѰοС
ķȻ̮һ飬ʶ, ḧķ, ʱʼģ
ţ˲, ʲô
һ, ȴ򶨵ʵĸ, ʱʼʣ
, ̧, ֪
ϲǺʱʼʵģ
׷ݵףȻ벻ȷĽޡ
ᱡξʱһйʱǴLΧΪ˺µڵʱ
ֻʳͬϯͬ齣ߵЩҹҹǰһ㣬乬̤ɫɣ˽֡
㿴Լ˵塣̾ϢСߣ㻹ᣬܶ಻ͬˣʱ
ᣡشĻٶˣ˵ˣֻһˡ
⻰һô˭ֻܱ֤һˣοأ
ûٷСͽܣֻǻصٸһЩʱ䣬ԼҲú
ֱضκǿӦá
ԡĶ䡣
ҲҪӦңˡ֣µҪҿԵϲˡ
ϱˣһƲס衣
ȻʧЦ漴ͷӦ㡣
ʵϣСͽǿһûпǹŮ˽顣
ĵ׷ʵǸأ
üͷ΢ÿ취ĸջּܲ
⻹ҪʲôһϲĶҡ
˵һ룬Ȼǰʱֹס˻ͷתʵʱϿ
ѾȲˡ
ˡ˫΢ȥЩ棬ڽ
***
糯ࣺʥϣңرָʹ֧Ԯʥ϶ᡣ
ʵˣ˴ζ𣿡
̫֪һش󺵣ʱ꣬һЩҹĶ췴ػصͷĿ˳رʧأ¡
ʣȥ곯͢ݲ˴Ǯ֣ΪΰջҪ췴ѵʳû
һ⡭ݵϸ΢֪
ɺȫ̲סص̫֪Ǯоģڶ࣬͢ǮʵǱˮн
԰͢ݸɺݣϽ˰׼ͣڹٲ飬ʱַʱ
ݴСϣÿ궼ҪοַٲͿˡȫСĻص
ü˵ٲ֣ݲоĴͳ𣿡
ʥϿʵʲôࣿ
ʥָ֪ͨɻùӼԱʸ񡣡ʥϣԸݵľϸ涨Ƶɺ볯͢ſݵľ΢ԷĹᣬȥһ꣬ͨļ
ʥʵЩʳȥˣ
һʣȫӶȴҶȥ
ʥϣ֮ǳƽѷǮһ¿Ӻ顣ʱ̲ݱְݵһʧأƽݣʱػᾪʥݡ
ʢǾһϣ򲻿ʧء
Ƭκʥһٵǲرѹݷ
³ֶǰ鷿
ʥһôһң
Цֲʲôˮޣкβң
Ӱ߳˵ɣкҪ̣
˸Цһ㶼µˣ
СͽԽԽ˽Ƣˡ
£Ųͣ½ŲĿƵض
ȿȡѹȥһݡһ˵꣬òһһ
һ£ͫңǰ
ֻȥǮһ£ֲƽҡµЦЦ˵ңµġ
оǲУתǰȥһɱȥ飡
Сߡ΢΢üǣ䵱У㻹бε𣿡
ʷ飬̰ܻ߰ǹ°һһ̰١Ҫ˻ᣬһ͵طԱе档
Уȥһȭϣءһ죬˭ȥҾðգ
һ쾪˵Сӣһ뵽ˣֹסŶͷ
ڣڵӦңҵκξ
Ҳ˵Ҳ뿪ҵߣӱӰܿĻðɣȥݣΪ˲鰸Ϊ˶ң
أ鷿ѻȸ
òӦȻתŲĿϡ
˽֮ˣԭأ¶ʧɫСߣ㿴
ǵĿһʹԾһִܿǰҲ˼
ĵ޴ģǺ䣺͢Ǯһһ㲦أϰоʣȿˡԱ£߾֮ߣΪ飬Ϊղ֪ôŭ
֪ˣϰ֣쵽һ˻ȥصǸңҹ˽֣С֮ĶȾ֮
Ӧ£㲻ʳԡֺοΪ˶ôԶ
ڸµɫīڲ⣬͵ͻصһǡܲס
ûôɶ˼֣˵ˣ࣬£ֲסݲˡ
ʵڲģҿȥһݡ̧á
֡ͳһŵǻãԶʹ
Ӣüȥͼһ⻢֮أ𣿡
ڱЦ̧һ޾ɵĿڣĵúܡ
һ·ʲôأ˲һѱסȵĲ䣬ʱ䣬ῼǵ𣿡
صݻ𸴡
ǳ׷ֿһʱպЩӦͻˡ
𣿡·˹˫յøˣһǺ롭
˵ʲôһʱû壬Ŀļ米
ûʲôøͦı˲ɤƣһԹԵ
˨ϣװУŵĺĺһҲ롣
***
ǰһҹ˺òװÿ޿Сӣϸضˣϴϴ齡
շת࣬ﲻԥţҪҪȥСͽܺúø
һ棬ȷʵٿһСͽܣһ棬ֵһСĴ̼ʥϣ߲ô죿
˼ȥǱ
Ȼܿ죬˹Ź̵ξһƵĵԽżһٿȻ˯
ϵ˺ϤӰǰϸϸĽס
ˣҲţע£İ۷ĽֺŪȻ󺬽˸ȵĿС
̧ܵϸСߡ
㡭ʪĿˮУƺЦһ£ôֺģţ
һ̬İսǰһѣֻʵСߣʲô
롭ſеĽףȥ
ҪԼķʽϴӡҪ¶̲סζ

ϡ򳿱Ž˯ݶĬڵ˵ʿһһ಻ϸ΢ֱ޲ȫƽϢ
˱˫ȥˡ
ϣⶥ˶򦣬ɾ糺ϲۡ
˯سҭһзἫĺȴ۵Ѳ
Ρһº׵Ĵ׽סϸĽףԻͳһϸâĶ
лҪ˵
ǿ̿Ϣ˺ٺٺ١
ְǸת۵ܿ죡



81 ˹
һ, ܱʢǰѹҡ
о, οգݣûע⵽һŵǵʥ𾴵ĵʦ
һɫװ䳤һƥҲࡣ
ţȻҵһ£ڴһƺߣսˣ
ƿ۱Ƽɫѩ׵ڳϣ΢ָ۷, ƿܵ۽, ް
, ֻܿع򿪰ȡ˺, Сĵص
Цһ, 㻹ͦġ
ûʹ, С͸΢΢, Ƴĺ, ѩ׵ļ, 
һ˲, ϻҹﴫ, ޱˢһºˡ
ôˣһ, ȻʶʲôѸ̧£סڡ
͵ˣԴ顱һײҲʹѸ˳ȥٽҡ
˷ӦЩЦãԺȴֳҹĳ
ʱΪԼһƵξֱͭ﷢ȫ鲼ĺۼ
ҪϴʲôӡƵģͷŵס
ԣǴϡ
ͺһ̧ס˷̵գŬЩԺиϳȥ
ֱҪˣСͽܵǴѧģ
***
ҹ̣¶ޣתůоڽӽݵؽ硣
һ·ϣ˺üܣѵصľ
ݺƿӳıǴ
һش󺵣ׯڿգѶݹᾣ˻ֻͯ·ߵ
ʢĴǿҲһۣסˣٶĽʿʲôã
ʱһ۴˵ע⡣
Ѱ۰һƼݵСŮ·ߣںСʹҡŵϹŮӣ޵ѡ
һƺǲٿȥ³˻ȥ
ǰߣ۵ĿȴʼƲݣѪʿҲ̲סعͷ
Ƭ̺ٴƿ򳿡
սкηԸ
ǸСŮ̾һֶԵĺһ壬Ӳ
Ӧǣˡ
ѦʿͣڸˣӴȲġ
Ȼסصֻ˵ǰܾһһɡ
Ӫկܱһ̤֪ͬš
֪൱ɣҰĲ״ȫơɫ΢ȴŲû˵ʲô
֪ͨةӭǰ˾õˣѩ̿
Ŀɨһֱۣ⣺غѣʲô
ͷ֪һЦܱ˵ǣ
ةʱע⵽һԻһλӣɺλǣ
΢΢һЦеļ
ةȻæҲҲ
֪ͨб˽ĿǰսѾһ·ռݹذɽ
ɽҪˮԴ㣬ѹɽΪӪϵϮررأټݲ㣬ᱻѾ׷ˡ
ʵݴ󺵣ѾݴӺζ
⡭ͨпһˣػصѾʳġ
׷ʣͬ˵
ɫܱһʾݶָʹϡ
ܿΪǰźסǳȲ裬Ȼʵ򳿣ǸСŮأ
򳿲ײü档
˴δѦʿʵܲһֱŰɣ
ȱԶڵķˣԺա̾һôˣҲȱСһڳԵġ
ֻӦǣˡ
СŮһɾѣʱлһɰͰ͵ıе촽߾Ǳм
֣ɤ
˳úÿֻɢϢСŮԥƬ̣㳯˹ȥ
һСŮֽϣʲô֣
СŮһ˫ݵִԲ۾аĸɱСӣԱ
һᣬСӣԽ𣬱ÿһٶԱ
ۿɼؿ漴еԥС
ĶһֱܶܶżιһԵĶûԱ
׵СŮвʲôÿմ˶Ҳûʬֻ֪ջں˵Ĵһˡ
㰢ȥһԶĵطһҲܳԱĵطǿ¶ЦݣһĻԣҪġ
ص˵ͷҰȥˣ
һ̽ʵȥˣ
򻵵С֣򻵵
̧Ѧʿһۣڳ⣬Уûһ׳ӡ
ûѦʿֱӣҲζţ׳ҪôرץȥˣҪôԸ˷Ѿ
˼űԴСǱƲѣ˭Ըأ
***
һѵõڷ˺˯ˣصԼ
յĳ;棬ľƣ˿ֻ뵹ͷɽĴ˯һ
һ·Ľ񱷢ºòˮǼҪԡϴһ
һͰˮԡͰˮ⧲ڵˣϲˡ
ʲôӦȤɲҼģԼҲߵġ
һ˿Ц⣬Ʋؼˮˣˡ
УȥɡҪٽ㡣
ϣȥЬࡣ
ֱ¶ĶȻסˡ
ҹ󣬹ǽ͹ĽϱϵһĽ¿׹ĽҶӵ׺Сɵˮ񣬱ϸصİơ
òϣӼƯǴĽϣŸĿһЩ
ָⲦŪһ½Ҷӡ
Сͽ֪ܲʲôοϣôҲҲӿڣֻܽϰĴڡ
ؾǵýѵͽһ١
̤ԡͰȵˮУɷһ̾Ϣ
ձƣõ滺Ưһ΢أĵţҹСͽܾǺʱ͵͵Ӵȥģ
Ƭκ󣬲֪ôģǰֳҹµһĻ꼡پı¡𣬷΢΢
һɽϤԽ״ӿ͵ʹһˮзָ΢ʶˮǴ
ѩ׵ļ̵ĴָỮ͸ļ羱ȴһ˫ֵ¶ȡ
Ժ䣬ϾȻǵͳ΢Ƶɤ·˹ƻƵģϸϸָ̽ˮС
ԣ
ٿȻѹʶԼʲôº󣬺һϣ漴ľ㴭
ʪָץסľͰԵǽ΢΢ףͼƽϢȳ
һ˲йɿָԼˮС
ǰСͽܾʲôơ
лҪ˵
е㲻
̣˲ʤڣҪľЧ
ĹĴסǰɣ



82 
һ, ܱʾرϣװ, ȴͷ˳ڡ
ڴҴһƳδȫòˣʲô˼
жҰ˿İڶŸɲؽ֣žͺȻأҲˡ
˶ʱʲôԣֵֻ̫ˣҰˡҰݡƤܳԵĶԹˣ־ſڵ, ץĳ
ĳȥ, ˳, Ӷʳֻ࣬߳ͯΪ˿
ԵġڳԵġʱ, һƼݵ, ߬ס°ڡ
˲侯ذνǳ֣
ް, 𽣡һ, ֱǸ, ˼, ûʳ
, ǰ⻻һֲ, ҲûЯ, û߼·ͻᱻʧȥǵϷָɾ
ȴǲţץסһסĴȣвظҺö㡢㡭
˱򳿡
򳿶˵һץסĺ󾱣ݹ᾵ˡ
˼ǰߣһʱһѷһӿ
üߣȥ
˳˼ҵլǰԭڴʩࡣ
˲ϸߺȵźöӣźöӣҪҪжУ
Ȼ˵ýȥһѷＷ޲ֱͰ䣬Сĺֱͯӱڵϣҳһš
˼Ҳˣȥɫһ򳿣
򳿽ԾϣغԽΪһȦ˳ȥ
ಡһʣ򳿵һȵ˭Ҷ
ʧȥǵźһʱֹͣ˷
ǿȺ߽ȥźöӣÿһࡣŶӣһ˶Բϡ
뽲Уڻָ
Сʩʱѱ˼˽ȥ
ӹҾأλӣ·ǣ
ֻ񣺡С·˵أشʩ࣬פͣ
ܰ˰֣̾򲻸ҵĳֻԾౡ֮ˮн㲻ϡ
ԶһһϦȻοֻСЩ棬ٸΪβ־ȼ񣿡
üͷһ壬ֹ
׷ʵʳ
̾һӲǱˣܶ£һʱ˵塣
΢һף׷ʣֻС뿪ǰЩף֪عɷи㣿
˵ʵڻʣʳҲˡ溬Ǹ⣬ĳ˿棬Ҫģֻȥˡ
ȵľ仰վˣͷعָ·ˡ
ظС˵ָ£˳ҵԱҡ
ʱֻģʳ۸ˮǴߣݵ׼Ѿԭȵÿһٶʮǵÿһٰʮģҵףˣǵü
ѵͷظȻ׬塣
ۺ󣬶˵һʯصۡѦʿеԱ֪ŵĹϵ
ͬʱ䣬дһۣʥټӼ֣ҽʦҩݡ
֮󣬱дߡ
۰˰Ӽͻʢһ氵е˺δһܼؾһһ
ϣѦʿԱŮ֪ͨеĵС檡
ҵͻƿں˽ץסͨУϱ˾׿ֲʼɣܿ˳ٸַŵĶǿչȿӣٲڵʳת˵ظ̺ǿԸ߼ա
谵У˕iݰ֣ĿŹڵϵͨУֱԷٴαĿʵأ
ͨжɸС֪Ķʵˣ
ԡָĦ.Ųյأоʳȥһʯʳ֣ݵĹٲָѲ£ǡ
ͨһʱ
ɤ䣺򳿡
Ӧǣˡ
˵˵˵ͨŵ÷˻ʱյĲʳӣûʳ⣡
üĲԾһ¡
ǲʹݺݴ˵⣬СֻǷ°ͨйʹ飬ˣСи໴ӣ˿
ǰһؿڡ
СЩȫҶ˵İأ˵ɤ溮ǵ𣿡
***
ձڲݵȥйؼ֤ݡ
ĺǣݴССԱˣһ˽¶Ա¹ͨǱΪ飬ջ
ȿȿȡڰǰֵ´ԣһֻڲͣд
ˣǲǺüûˣѦʿһԣĿǣһһأʥϵּ˵ҲҪ²ܴݣۿ塣
գҳȥ˳ǱѾ˷ˡͣʣָüģ˽ȾСΧȻܿͻ᳹ӿǵǰ÷شʩ
Ѧʿ죬ǰ˸ͲԸǣǵõȳ͢
ܱǱսƣǲǲ
ʱգ֧ԮʳӦ쵽ˡ̧деҶߣȥ֪ݡ
ѦʿվֱӣǸʲô
һЦ֪ٴЩݵ׼ǵûߡ
***
ҹԡͰرĿ
ԽԽˣϰ˯ǰһˮԡ滺ձƣ
˼ƣȴ룬أԽԽģҲһһ»
ڼ򢼴ˮʱһֻס򢡣
ʼ䣬ϤĴغ򢲻ԾĲ˲䣬ΪԼΡ
ͳ˻Ƶɤ𣬴һɷ糾͵·ǴӺġ
ˮе΢΢սŴʪĳŲ˲û
ʶ䣬Լħˣҹ£СͽҲ벻ξ¾Щ᲻ô
סĴֳ뿪ˣһOO@@Ķ󣬻ˮһ߹̵ԡͰ
ľͰһ˵ļ룬ˮһ˽һӿˮԽԡͰԵڵϡ
˼ɤ˶ϣ漴۷ĶУǱױ̾ϢҺ㡭ÿҪˡ
ءż磬ȰȣýͰϣˮƯָץסľͰأ鲻ԽػӦСߡ
𣿡ƤĴ̽ˮУ׽ס˴ŽӵĽף׷ʵˣ𡭡
סľͰָ䣬תӵ˿̵ļ米ĵΣһأ
Ѭľ࣬ʪĴǿҹĶϢ롭
ס˫ȻսǯӰ㹿סɳƵɤƲɰʯһػ
ٶȳУȵˮ˳ſëƤѪ

֪˶ãʪɾ˴齡
·Ҫǰ̽ɫĳضãŸ΢ŵĴϿƵһڡ
ҹˣôǵصźĶͷƳЦ㲻ҵˡ
лҪ˵
Сͽˡ
̣ңǧҹ
б˵С߶Ů˽̫أûǸԣݻ



83 ͬ
ö, ˳˯֮ˡ
ڴϵָ⶯˶˫, ɫһʱãȻſա
һҹߣֻҹʼһϤϢ
ˮļٿϰ̧ס˰
ô߳ܵΣ
ѵĹ̫á
˷˼Լʱűˡ
Ϊ򳿣һ䣺
֨ѽһһߴýӰӳˡ
һ, ʶֱۿ
ô, ѵû
һѩ, ˿ɢڼڴ¶۾, ֿɰģ, һԣӯİ⡣
첽ǰ, ֹ, ͵Ц, Ρ
գգ۽, ٿȻ, ôˣ
ֱָ, һػصġ
㡪üһ, ٴ֪ʵĲ
ܱٳò·ѾյۣݵԤи⣬Ծһˡɫصģ̫̫ѱڳٹǰ˺л򣬶ʱڳ˲ӡ
ȿȿȡÿѾˣ㻹Ҫȿȡ
æϴĪҪҰ¾̻ع
ֹסԣСͽܵ˵ػֻ̾һʥϣҪ£˭סأ
ǣ֣˻Σģʢ춯ڼɻؾ
һô죿
˰ӼͻʢԲüƥҲҪգСͽܾȻڱ㵽ݣ
һԵطסַȻıյһƬѪģ
ǲɵǼһᣬɤȥ⣬ڣֺοԼ
ðɣҳϡǰ˴գûоܾ㽫°Ϳϼѣ˽ġ
˽ʲôʣҲ֪
հ̧ŽߵգһƬڣذ׵ɫγԱȡ
뾩ǰ࣬ҹһһ⣬ֻݵľսֵһͻὫ۶ϡ
Ѧʿ˵üûˡسȥҲúóԷҲڣԼ𣿡
㻹˼˵һ䣬ݵôվӣԼĺȦжذ
ˣƬ̺󣬶̲סЦ
Цգ˹Сͽܣҩࡣ
ȻˣǾͿٽе֢
***
ݵĵڶգʳľҲ˳ִˡ
ĶһͷװĶǿʱǴضЩʳȥһѴֺЩȫװʿֻĵظŶ飬ҪŻ©
վڳſڣڵڶ˵ʱʲôóʱ˳ȥʣµ˶һӵϣǸ
࣬ص֪һʲôĸо
Ѧһ
ѦʿʮغҲҪļǳ͢ʳܿͻֵУʳȽǣ
ЩŤͷǣƵΨʣһƬľ
͢һһ֣ͷȴһ׶ûͲκϣˡ
һΣ͢٣Ѻʳӹڴұ֤ÿһʳ͵С
ܿǾͷ֣κĲһˡ
ʳ׼֯һοַ
ͦŴӵ֪վ󣬶ֵʳ۾췢ˣˣʳ
һۣʳôˣ
֪¿ۣ˵ڣˣһ˵
üҪֻӶĳ嶯ظ
֪ݷֳʹ˸ɫ
صλС֪֪лֱ˵
֪
΢һüסһ궯ġ
ãҾֱ˵ˡ֪ݼüŪۣ֪ݵˮǴߣЩʳֵǧ𰡣
֪ݵ˼ǡԥһ£ǳ͢ʳ׶ɣ
֪ûв̰Ĺ٣ֻеӲĹ٣еʱҲة㹻ѶϢȻʳһȲҪˡ
߻ʵԶ͢ô֪أ֪ѹ˵ˣǽЩʳתˣ󲻻;ͬ飬;ͬ飡
ɫ䣬֪˵еȻ͢ˣôҪӣȷһʳɡ
֪ݼ״Цһ¹ٹȻûˣͷӣĳɣ¹ɣ˿Ƿ׵
΢΢üƺ
֪æ͵¹ٵ»һڹüзݣܶסڿڰ
üһɣˣһ֪ݵİš
֪ݵ뿪˲ɫһЩ̰٣ղŻˮС
ĿɭģһὫԴι
ٸתҴȥ˼ʲôӵġ
һ·߹ֵĿ֮ȫݹ᾵
Ϊ˰鷢ڵӲͷͷѪӤĸףŽƵ໴ӤС
˳
Ϊֹֺӣ˽ȥʱʬ˹׼зաԶԶվڸߴָǶѻɽʬ壬ÿһˣмлˡ
ͷ˶ת·ҿˣȥɡ
սѼʿʬɽ纣ϸЩƽաûصʵСߣǿľΣʲô𣿡
յĲͣݲ԰㲣ɫݵӣԵ
续üۼ䣬ʼһɻ֮ȥıǳЩܿѵǳνȸİա
һ̣ĲܿƵغݺݳ鴤һ¡
ףúס֣϶ׯصسŵһӣһᾡܣҵ񡣡
ۺᣬΪ˴˿ܿѵİա
ڴģΪһϸľʳǣʧ
֪кܳ·ҪߣֻҪԣһ壬ҡ
***
صۡʱɫָ糣
ˣʥСˡѦʿӭǰһַˡ
áߣΣ
Ѧʿصϣ۶ηǺܱݵӿݣֶڻǡ
ЦһݵѾֵۣ͢ʳ˳ִҪˡ
ˡѦʿһʥϣֹƾЩʳԶԶ
Ȼ̩ȻػصǲҪ㡣
飬֣ѿձһʳֻһװģһµŵαװ
ʱ׹ĸ̺𣿡
ͬЦһȽǼ̵ֳףʳ𣿡
ʱݵʳԶǾͻᱻȽ׼۽͡
Ѧʿ˵ͷҺҲеˡ
ʱһɤ𣺡壡壡
һתһǳɣķŮޡ
ʱյĵϳ˷ཱུ⣬ԺСϲѣɰ
һľˣ̲סһСһڡ
һȥɫȻˡ
壡ǣеó
ˣԼ԰ɡЦžܾմˮǣתСͽܣ˽ܣǱݵһڽʹˡ
ɫÿīˣ
ûй
ŤСԴİĴ磬ȻеˣǹԹԵغ磡
Ӧ
һ£д壬С˸磿Ѧʿˣⲻǲ𣿡

лҪ˵
̣Ȼ˫Ҽˣ
𼤶㻹ֻ̣
̣ҲţԸҵĿˮ
鷴ǧעⱣԼʵڷƾС˵һࣣ



84 
ۼСͽܿҪ, ЦŴԲ˵һҲû
ӢͦüԽԽ, ʵ뵱ҵĳ
ĶҰȻʶԣһת磬˵㿴Բѽ
ƶǶص˵ͷִغһ䣺磡
ŮߵСͽǰ̽СߣҪҪ
أ³һ֣
Ȼһ˲ָ⣬Ц˫֣б˱
˸, һСŮԵøС, ְһſ, ֫ǽӲһķɰ
Ц, ܻᱧ
, ͸˿ɽƵģѸٸŵȥˡ
ֻϵĶ, ȴС
תȥ, ǽȥɡ
ǣס, Ц, ȥɡ
õģӦһ
һΧ۵Ѧʿ, ʥȻغǣ, вӿһ˵ĹС
ʦô̫ء
Ų˵۹, ŰϣüʵֱۺȦסҲ˵һգգض
ʲô̧ȤǳԱĴ˰ɣ
šӦøɴ࣬Դˡ
ȵĺϣŰϲ˲䣬ôСѽСŮĴ׶ԣ
ڵİͳɤȴίû׹ҡ
һ
۰Ͱ͵ʾٲҲǿԵġ
㶼ôˡʧЦٱСӣͿ
࣡һβȻֹ
ֻǵһڣͳˣǼűǼ⣬͵ЦһҲȡ
ԸԸ
ֻСֲܿˣΰ㴹۽ޣ˵õԼء
ʲô£װɵͦıǵزеĶ˵ѵû𡭡
ʱ𣺡ˣ
ٿȻһƿСͽܣţ£
Ѧʿܱܱġ
ӹżչɨ˼ۣǵüӿˡ
üƵһȺɽˣ̴̫ҡ
˽⣬ѾͷĿͷԣһɽˡҡҡͷݰգǿȡ
̧˼ǡ
΢һףа
***
պºڷҹ
ԼලΪɣѺĹٲǰĿĵء
͢ʳСһҸ̳Բ£֪ݷֱļҹɫ͵͵ס
һۣɫȻŹٲ򿪸˽֣׼ڿֵĹ󣬻ǰԵһ
ݴ󺵣նóˣ̵ȴڻʳˡ
ЩʳþȻٰյ
ˣӶˣĿүЦеشӣѩ롣
ɿԾսȭͷЦһүˡ
֪һӣ۾ʱĵĹ⣬Ȳ˽£һҡ
һϣʶļҺǿ֣Щʳι͢ļ
һλԱ⣬Ҳͨе׼ҡ
֪Цúϲ£ʱ֡
漴Ѹײڶ֮ƣס֪ݵĲ
֪˾ţһУˣ
ŵĹٲ
һ̣ڰʿƷŰΧ
ԱɫҲˣŵȥǺ⣿
߾񡣡ƮƮɤƮɢҹУˣץȥ
֪š
ةڵ£ˣ¹ֻһʱͿ˿
ǰĵǳһȲ裬ƾʲôҪ
ة㶣ΪҪôæڵ¹ԸһٺТˣ
ԣ΢ɭ
˲δֻƲȥյеĸĭ
ةˣǰ
ءһ죬һ߷ͷ
ةڵϰʮ¹Ըȫҵ
ððЦһСС֪ݣֱóʮˣӶ̰Ŀڴ
֪ةһֽ״ҳ޾ϸؽԲʹݺΪ׵̰ܻ߹Ա
ʥϵݵݺù鰸黪̰ƱҪֵ̰һ򾡡
ͬʱĴ̵˽ûճ乫ܺǿǿųɶѵʳĶڵѪΪ˱ֻܸŭԡ
еõʳʱǴ˺ðΣȻ֪ӯ
ʳѮ˫ֲΡΡ˳Ÿɱʳз˰
һҲӦϲõĿ಻һСץͷʹޣ·ҪЩӾܵпѶ޳
ţܿޣʳͻϣ
ź޵ǣ۵Ҳʪˡ
ˣԾȸˡ
ǲ̧סļ磬ǣѾˡ
ǿ䴽ǣ֪
Ѧʿʵˣΰţ
Ĵ̵˽̫ٲָͶѲ£ֱӾ͵ؿַ֣
һֺ󣬿ʼͼ۳ۣ۾Ͷÿװʮġöãеļ۸Ҳýˡ
Ѧʿԥһ£ɽˮʮһЩտҲ𡭡
Թ⡣ʳȥɸ;סķӣΪֺؽ
Ҳ׳ͶʣúˡѦʿ⣬ɷݣ
һۣüۼ¶һ˿Ц⣬˭˵û׳Ͷģܿˡ
***
ϣʵȥ֡
ȿȿȡĿֱһۣʵ㡣
ⲻ֪һۺýֹ̲סһѽԼϡ
ѽͺһúõģַʲô裿
衣ԴøЩûûƤشչȥ̫Ӳ»Ӻòã
һ£Ķô
ø첲ס˫ʵʵزҶһػصУµһ󡣡
ʵֲֻ÷Ź̼ʵŲˡ
һ֪ݼѳһݺֻѳࡣ̰󣬹Ŀܱϲ١ķһУĹ͡
ˣЦһء
Ϊɫ޷ĵ̾ô
ȴе˵˵ֶŰ
ԩһ޹ĿԩֽŶؾصطء
أصһ£һͷݺ΢ŵĺ촽
Сߣŭˣ
𡢱šæⶼɤصȥ
Ժ󣬵ʱҲסˡ
ڴʱ⴫ܱˣ
γѣһƿСͽܣŲȥ
ܱҾտսˡ
¹ٲ˹ֻŷʥһֻǣųۣЩȻ
ʥϡ˹ݴ̲סеʥϣǷﲻ
ɫһһصް
ǰƳŤŤƣ̲סЦ
Ķ˵ЦգĥĥصҺúõҡ
лҪ˵
յҵأ
յء
üˣһҲûУܹ󰡹



85 ͬͬѨ
ƶսԵҲ, ʮ֮ɽơ
ѾɽΪݵ㣬ռѹȻ, رͳ͢ԮˣתǾͱ跨ơ
ƽȵطҵѾͷĿ󵱼ҵĽ˳ҲӳиҵҵĽйģ丸Ͻصة򲻿һ̰ۣͬȺ˺󣬹շת룬Ͷɽͷ˷ѾҾʦ
ӻ¹뷴սУԸозñսͬѰç, Īǡ
µò, ĸ˾λܾʦҵĵͼǰ, һΣҪŭ, ܲ˵׷Ǵ, ٳûǵϳ
صҾҲԹǿɽɽ֮·, Ȼ, ɽ, Ҳδ˳ɽȥ
һӰ, ̤ŽʿʬҲʹȥ俪ڵ, ҵͻƿ, ˮЯε԰, ҹŹӡ
սɱ˵Ľ죬˵һ·
ǰʮ˴ôʲŷҲʺһ顣Ը꣬ռɽΪѾãԱʵۣȻŭȰ󲿶ӳս
ܱװУϳˣʤ׷ⲻ֪һ񲽱Ȼ͵Ϯɽֱָѡ
һûսɽկʣµķָ࣬ӵͻϮɱú޷֮
սѺܾûɱУɱۺ죬ԺкȻһɤ
Ҳɰɵģмǲɱ޹˹ܾʦ̸С
ѪȾ͵ɺ콥ȥεδĳȵеͶߣһ
һӺڰǰ΢΢ЦܾʦŲһ
һµɫݵоΧȴһǡ
ǵͷĲɫش
Ц˵
Ĳ˴󲿶ӣǳǻб𴦿ȥ
ףҲҾʦ̸СЦݲ䣬Ҳһկӵ棬ǵĴ󲿷ֶƽգмˣѵʦΪǿô
һЦ㲻ҲǱ
ɽϢЩصʦɽ֪ѷ͢ʳ֣𲽵õơ
ͫ΢Щ죺ةѷ
΢һףة漰̰ĹԱ
УЦһݹٸǳ˿տǣ
˵ûʾ𾴣̰¹ͨ߱ȺȻ͢ˣܹ黹̰ٷ˷
ѻһڣѵεľͻʲôĸ٣
̾ϢһȻС̰٣Ҳһ١
ĵ΢΢˻Σֳ̧ס棬һʱԡ
ٱ񷴣񲻵ò̰͢٣ҲܳԱӣʱѾٺ͹ٱȥܿĻǰաܾʦ־ȨƣֻϰչϺӣ𣿡
Ĭκ󣬹̧տƾ
֪Ƕҡˣֱݣ˵̫ʥ̰֮գ֣ŵ㣬ֻҪѾܳ͢а͢һһǰõĹޡ
ʱѼΪͷͬһͷȥ̵ҰޣŶĳ嶯
֨ѽһڴ򿪣̤һʱͷĿѣûվȡ
һǰȥȽסôˣ
ްе۶ѡ˻վֱӣƻ¡
***
鷢չƿ֮У˵ĺʾ׷
ܱͬʱԭ·γ·֮ƣѾм䡣漴ɳܾʦ̸
Щʿ̰͢Ϣ󣬶ʱһʮʮ٣Ѿ󲿶Ӷ֪ĺϢ
ܳԵñܻȥ˭ԸðΣأ
ȥڹܾʦȰ˵£˳͢а
ˣų͢Ѿõңڳ䶨
ʥϣԻعˡ˸롱ƣƽ֪ݼΣûʲôĵˡ
ס֣ͬһع
Сҡҡͷʮգʮպع
ҲߡˣӦ֣ʲôһ𡣡
ü΢ֲˣ
ֻĬĬɿָŤͷȥˡ
СͽܣȴЩڣǰһ˹СָͷȻعɾȥˡ
Ǳ˵סСָͷǳʵúܣΪסָ
һ壬
ֻ𣿡úСͽתĿƣ𣿡
ʲôġһ漴Ӧ׵ȾϺΣһ쵽Щġ
˵գָҪߡ
ʲôģȴˣ׷ʵ֪˲ģѵҲ
˲ˣ߲ˣһʧɤĻ
Ųһ٣˵ʲô
Ϊֹ߱ѽȾ߲İոҽΣͬʱȫǷձֺȾ߲ķΧС
Ѧʿв˲Ȱ裬͵͵ӸܻؼУһСȾˣȾ˽ַھӣ
ǰһڣҿһ˫ּʱס
֮Կ£ĴȾԼߣȣ¶ԽԽʺϲʱһ˸ӣ߽Ʋɵٶӿ
һҧгݵץûУ
ץץˣѦʿͷˣ¸ô죿
סΣ侲Ը룬ٶȽ˿ܽӴаȫΥߣɱۣ
***
ϰὫȾ߸뿪ԷȾ͢ҽʦҹݣɼ߲Դͷͼ֢ҩ
Ծסڱǣǰ̽顣
ҽʦҾֻ̫ԶԶصˣ߲йأ֢״Ϊơ
ԣһг׸εķӣ
˵ϣʱ룬ָȾ֢״ߣһҽʦص֢Ⱦߣֻܡ
ˡ³һҩֲ㣬һ취㡣ǣɡ
ҽʦְݵǣˣ
ֽһЩβע׼ת뷿ͻȻһӣһĵһ߿ѪҲҲҪ
ҽʦ󾪣ˣ콫˴ȥ
ʶˡ
ϣӾֱֱ˹ΪʲôҹҡҪ
ȾܣǱ˹ץס°ڣҺʱٱϵѸٽȾ˻ȥ
ٲҶ˹ۡ
򳿴Ҵӭǰˣȥˣ
⼸æŶߣһʱ죬ӵжˡ
û£ȥ˸ȿȿȡվ⣬ժڿڱǵľֽӵϣȥգ̤ż
¶֮ɫ˱ȥˣȥ
ҩֻǲѦʿ취һȿȡüĽ⣬ǰݣпҲȾ߲ýǱ׼򲻿߲Χ
סˣҪϢ
ε֪ݵˣұЪһЪˡƣǰдݵ顣
ʱĿԼӾˣͷ̧ͣһͷȶȸߵò
һ⣬Ժðһ뷨
⸱̫ͱһҪѵڸ
ԣվڵϣ쳤첲Ŭвˡ
ǿЦһ£漴¿ӣȳԣһȥЪϢƬ̡
ѦʿȰ㻹һûأȳ˯ɣ
ˣ˯˵ĸҶӣһǰһתֱˤڵϡ
ϴӵľҶݵĻԺԼ˹
ˣ򳿼ɫ죬һƵľ˳ȥȥҽʦ
ȷӦοҲۣȾ˷纮һǡ
ҿȿȡ˰֣ؽߵĴǶȥûҵκ˶
С׷ʲôֻ֪忴ò޳æת˳ȥ
Ѧʿڴǰɫأ˺£
ȥһ˸ϢԽԽңиˡҳ˹
Ѧʿס漴ðɵƿڴ𱨵İǣԼҪϱˣ
£κˣֹɧҡڴϣֻһѻգҲȥɣҽʦ˵
˿ΨһҵǣԽСͽϻؾʱ˿̣СͽԶ߲ҲԶ
֪˯˶ãجج䣬·һ󼱴ٵĽŲ漴ˢһˡ
Ҳ˵þȫɢ񴥼ʱٿȻѹ
ߡҲ֪Ķǿ̱ϰȵعȥ
Ҿ֪Ҿ֪һ·ɳۻһ϶ˮʪ͸ˣۿ㻹ҪȥĶ
䡢侲㣬СߡüĽͼƭߣֻǷȡȳ
δ䣬վڴͷȻһֻסһֻסʪܵ򢣬ɷ˵ȥ
һ˲䣬·ݡ
ȵСͽܵĶ֡
Уͨ۽¹̵飬һ·䣬Ҳ˳ͷǿι
ͲøˡƬκ˴࣬ЦݷѣͬͬѨˣҾ
Ӻʧȥһתûճ
ûһȥ
лҪ˵
侲ŰŰһ¾ͺء



86 ؽ
һȥ, ׺ķʣ޼ľ
ϣĵСͽֱܼͷ¿, ֻϲõǷ纮Ҫ߲
ܿ죬̫ҽҴҸˣһʥϱ񣺡ʥϡ
̫úÿĵĽ꣬ߴٵ
̫ҽæÿӣ
Ƭ̺ѯʵ̫Ŀǰʲô֢״
ͷۣԣ֫ص, Ŀǰϻû񡭡
ɤʵûʲô󰭰ɣ
̫ҽ˲ͷĺ, ػص֢״Ⱦ߲ĳм, ֲȫơһȾ߲ʱھͻ, ԡ
Բֱ߲ش, ּ˵βס, , ߲ûˡ
̫ҽֲ˲ԴԴĺ, , ̫ûȺ·߲ҩ
ǿЦЦ, ̫ҽ, ùۡ˶ȡԷһ
ûһ, ŵĴϲǣҪ£ڡ
̫ҽĿбӵ˳ڣ˿ҵȥҩ
ν֧Ųס˹ȥ
ǰյͨգԼʪ͸˵޽ǣ˵ۺ޴롣
ۣԴˮš˽һһȺСĵ˴ޡ
˯˲֪ãٴԼϤĻ
˲ˣȺҩ
СӰ㱻ڻССιҩһɬĿǻҩζԵûôˣǶĵ˳
һĶ챻ˣֲḧźģֶˮι
ҲҪҩǿŶģָסСͽܵǰúϢԶһЩ
֢״߲䲻ȫƣų߲ڴȾзĿԡ
˵׺ĶͷֻǷ纮ûµġ
΢أ纮纮ҲᴫȾ
㲻ٻػѲŴ꣬˿أסĻ
ҹƿʪ£ѩ覵ļ米Ȼ˺
ף£򳿽̫ҽл
̫ҽϸϸֱ棬һʥϣսսػصǴѪװ̫⡢̫񡭡
һڴͺãͺá
̫ղͣηЩ̫ҽԼҲûףͰ͵ذοֻҪϤϣᡢȬġ
***
˲ˣݵĹûˣһʱҳһš
Ѹٽӹ̯ӣһеصǲһҹߵ
̫ҽ˶裬ȻûкʼղˣջڴϣҩҲιȥ
û취ֻܿкҩһһڵιι˻ҪͷɨвĿɬҩ֭
¿ࡣ
ͬʱĸҹ£ĺҲģʶģ䷢ܵĵ
̫ҽԼˮݣȫ͸ˣٻصϣڻĴָ෢ӵĺ󱳣
һҹһҵĿԡ
Եĵһѹˣֲḧǵı֪ʹࡣ
зӽⲡתϣͺˡ
С߰أһʧȥɣɤ÷·һҪɢˡ
ڣСҪ¡
ȿȡ̵ղ΢ϣСߣμСʱ򣬿װ
⼸ջ˯½ΣһʱǲˣԼǵμʮСͽܡ
ɬȴ¶һЦɣСԺҲˡ
ЦЦСߣûͦȥһҪ
ûм硣޽ǵʪǣ˵ȪҶ׷ȥΪңҲҪ
۽˳
ͬһҶ޸ĸƼӦûǣˣСߵİȴһصʯͷѹסҲ
˺˯ιҩˣ󱳵ĺҲûӡ
򳿿ʥϣ̲סʥҪЪϢչˡ
ءвƣǸҽû
򳿻صռɵִ
գҽ˳ִۡ
һţûԷһֻۣߴٵΡ
üɫв䣬һ뵽ɵǾȰˮ֮ˣ˹ȥ
ƿһλݵӳ
ʮյĲʹĥ£԰ݵˣĲ̬֮ġ
ֵ黺ڴ齱أݹ
üĽšӻظֵ⣬ƿ̽
Ƿ纮ɿ֣ס򢣬̦ȷϵȾ߲
һϣȻǰһȵ˵
߲ڼ̣˸ȾպĿڽ͵ȾʮգδȬҲûж񻯡
Ϊһֶأײֵص֢״ŻѰȾ֮˲ͬȾ̶Ҳˡ
˵ʲôסˡ
֕һۣͨ˵˿ߵҩּʱõƣ֢״ᡣ
һɾ޴Ŀϲϯһ̣üͷΪγٳβã
Щ͵ػصλ飬ֳ΢أӻòˣνס֢߲һͬϮ
أŲ׽ʣĶ
ôֿ֪תѼˣҲ
ȿȿȡ˵䣬˫
첽ǰס֡
һĵֽŵϽһ飬֮ǰ̬ȽȻ෴
أԼصֶûпѬģ
⼸꣬ʳסжǵֿģ֮ҲĹΨһܽӴصԴֻ̫̫͵Ѭ㡣
Ͼ̫̫иȵ¶ǰơ
пܡֵ˵ͷڵĶǳ³ģ΢ԲһССķ纮Ҫ
ҧס˺ռⲻȻس鴤ϲĶ
ԭˡһ˫Ҳ㡢øˡ
̾һҿȸ㿪ҩβ볹ڲдĶߣҪһЩҩģһʱԼ롣
֣վع
ӺʹڣϡҩģûбȻʹʺĵطˡ
***
֪ʽӹԱҲ½½λµļָʾɵطߣؽֺ
ع·ϣɻԲѡ
ֻĴ·ߣˮ·㻻˴ֻʼսαڻУһ
ˤˣ»ˣ޲ʿͿ࣬زؽȥ
Ǳε³ֻһ·ʱʱιһŵҩȥ
ҹ̵ظ·ոĩǰص˻ʹ
Ŵ󿪣һ·ͨʻʹͣڳǬǰᱧ
ʥ򰲡һ·ߣǵü˳۵عһأظʥ밲
Ƭ̣ĬĬȥ
ѲµλݱȻȴû뵽ǴӺĵ
ʥϣСӲĴæӭǰɫڽһ׼׵ˣ
ȥ̫ҽԺҪʲôʥͷҲأŲȿȵ޵ߡ
šϴ齵һǣһߡ
ûˣǻؼˡĶͷʧȥѪɫĴҺϸϸʪƣСߴؼˡ
ؼҡ૵ظţ룬Ⱳܶز˼ˣһļҡ
ֹ˼գѹ
ʱѹѣŵؽŽԡͰҩԡ
ʶѣҲԡͰСĵسסҩˮС
ڵƣѬò԰׵΢΢죬һ˿
ĿתضȻ䣬ƺŴʪ۽޲˲
һ˲˳Ũܵ۽ƿˡ
˫һʪԴĳƮĻþУ׺޵İ⣬ֱƵʧʧ
˫΢֣ҪһӢüۣܿͽ͵ˮС
ס֣ʧȥ֧˶
ӺＷƵȥȷǷٶ˻˯
ɤ˵ЦԲзӦǲе㲻˵Сߣ
лҪ˵
ΪΪ
̣̣Ҽ̣
ĺܹҮˣȻŽ𡭡ðɲҲ˻˻뿴ıԷһµۣģõתһٺٺٺ١
66л֧ࣣ



87 治
ʱչ, żһЩķӦǿкӹȥˡ
Ŀܲʹĥ, ս԰ݣͬһ䱥Ļή޲ҹץס֣Ļʲô.컵˼
˿޷صʪָۣЦʱϣʵһʱ֣ۿˣʵػţ
΢أӺＷӦš
ѵЩʱ, ʱʱСͽܵɤ, һػ, һһνӻлѣӹŹǰ˻
, Һð㡣ȷ, ˹ؿ۽ָ, ̽ð˿˿ҩˮС
Ƭκ, ڵĻ, еΡ
ֻһ仰, ʱܵѹ, ԹԱ, һԵˮϴ, ٱشȥ
ݵȥʣˮκش˿¡
ҲʶֹȥȴĿص
˫һµȾ˺죬ִһ˵Ĺ꣬ƵףѸĿİͰ͵ؽ͵ֻǡֻҩ
֪ˣû˵ʲôִڽʵСϣҩɡ
֪Լ˺ӣȻʼйĵ˺Сͽ΢չ£Ҳûܹ
һ̧˺ɫ¡
ݵĺ͹𣬾òչ⣬ѩ׵ıǰ׵ûۣ⻬֬ǵɢĺӱۡ
ǲǺѿſϣ봲˵ʱɤ֣ôãһˡ
ûУնػصǺ
ЦһҩɣСߡ
ȡƵҩ࣬˵ԼٺӵʧҲκ˰̡
ָմ˸ҩָ¶Ƚĸ廯̽Ϳ
ʹĶˣеزһ¡
ģһ߹۲ķӦһָٽҩա
Աſҧסµ˿ֵ
ͬʱҩ֮Ҳù
Ǽܱϸһ󲡸ݵӯӯһաǽӨ׵ϸ¶¶ûڶѵĺɫ˿УҩĶ΢΢ǡ
ǰȺ¹䣬һſͨ죬ҵջߣаԼ
ʱշչ˵ú֣ܳΪһʧ˻һ
òϺҩ࣬ϼ򣬲ڴ齱ߵСͽܣĿδ̲סЦһ
Ҽ֣ڳЦʱ߳ŭѹȥв
֪Сͽֻ֣ܶЦŸģˣǲˡ
ϷĥĥջЭ㵹ֽ̧࣬˻
ĥҰɣŷ̾Ϣˣء
ݵļԼڻ
ϰˣϤϢ˯
***
գǿµˡ
ʥ빬࣬ɽǵأ˹òȥֻҪѰһ϶ܻسǬź
ЩǶֱŵģ⣿
˵˵ŰʥߣͷԼҩ
ʱд߽ڼˣˣ
Ѧʿ󣬡ˣˡ
š΢һףʵѦˣǱΣ
һжõķչѦʿص뿪ʱԱ½λ߲ҲõЧơ
ҩݸСӣùôǣ̧һ֣ҽѬеĳɷֿɲˣ
ˡֻصһ򺱼Ķɹĥɷĩȡ΢Ƴ˰㣬һʱѲˣֶͻջۡ
ζЦһ̫̫Ϊأɷѿˡ
ԭȻżȻ̫̫ʲô⣬¶ˮһˡ
΢ݣɺ̲鹴ᣬһֱΪط̰۸ܴڻϾͺñƣղ˼ˡ
Цݺ˶
Ѧʿصȥʳ˿񣬹̰۵İǧͬȥһƽ
̰治ٰһһ꣬ӺĹ͸óʵˡ
ȻҰԶֹڴˡ
йֵЩ¶Ͱɡ
֣ҽȻֶҲ壬ܲȡƳɱ㣬ݰշߣ
еͨһ˼ػصϾֶѳãԵɺ֮½߲ǵҩҿһʱղá
ҽԸⳢԣЩ֢һ԰ɡȻ̾һҲǵȻдһһҲδɡ
ֶãӦ˵ǣԸΪһԡ
ʾ⣺ˣĳ˱ݰлҽ
˿ˡֹֻ񣬡Եҽ߸ĸģլʺʵ˰֮
ѦʿƳһۣ紫λҽƢŹ֣ദʱʵⵣĹһ
¿ҽҲףݵ˵˸֮¡
***
ʱ˼ҩ࣬ǾʣСӣʳȥ
ʥϡʥҪ𣬾˵ҳԹˡ
СһΪѣ˵ɫܾĻҲ˵ڣԳš
ڴͷ˫أԺлϵͳεǳɹˡ
ϵͳˡ
ˣ֪ͼô
ϵͳ󾪣ʲôʲôˣ
ˣ˵Щˡ㣬ҵ𣿡
ϵͳĬƬ̣еǿ㡭ǰɡ

ʵɣǲǿԻԼˣ
ϵͳ
ûʶϵͳķԹԵػصҲȥô
ϵͳ㱾͡
ܲȥ𣿡
ϵͳȻԣþʹã
ѹеɽ·˲ʧˣһҾͲȥˡ
ⳡˣǸǣ޹ң磬ۼ֤Ӻ庣̣հҵһµʢ
ҪǣҪСߡСһˣ¿ػϡ
ԣˣС߲
˼ˣĳȥǻһİ
ϵͳ̫ˣԼ̫ͨˣƽȾͿˣ
Ҳܡ
һͳԵ𣬴ԺеĶԻ
ع꣬ЦƯ紺ѩںĽ޺÷Сߡ
Ųһ˲
ƾֱǰﲻһˡ
λãѽ
ù𣿡첽߹ȥ齱ߡ
ùˡĲѣأ𣿡
ЩСʳɵ࣬վɺã
ѻƵ۽ޣ̧Ƿ򢣬ˣʱˡ
һҲࡣز˲䣬һĨЦݵҵ뷨ӽЩŲ
ʧЦ治ıô
ôִ治ˣŵ˽ϵĽѥ׽סѩ󣬡һʲôûأ
ü΢βǡʲô治£
ڵɫٿȻȥ͵طѹȥ˲ת˵ƣ׳Ϸ
еѩϣ˿ϣڳһֻգ漴ֻĴ꣬ϸϸĦ.ʪĴƣɤƣô죬ҺͻȻֶˡ
лҪ˵
̣ööö
ˣˣ
һ£Ĵͺٺٺ١
¼66࣡



88 ·
޵ڶȻ, ΢
ѹţЦĿԽüͦǱ, ٻĵһƬ
ʱţС߰վӢڵ
ΪңսЩ޳ָ̽ſʪĴ졣
ˣͽŷˡһ΢޵ָȾ˱β̣һ乳ӹϡ
ڵͫٿȼػ磬ʵҡЩأ
ƺ֪Цúˣʲô
صĺ촽ס, ͷս˿, ޴⡣
յǲͬ, Ե꣬͵ǼҪ, е, ·𼴽֮ˣѹÿһ˿ĽҺ
ءϡ, ǵô, ˵һһˮɫ, סѩ
͸, ̵Ĵ΢΢, һʪȵǺ, С߶Ե, 𡭡
΢أɿָԾסµ˿
һ².ಡ齣ݵƫƫĲλһҲ٣츳
ȵĴǹǽ͹Ľףӵĵ׹εЦùԣһֱúôء
һ䣬βò񻰣ȻҲˡ
ս˱ֱϸСȣ̹سϵţҶ
źļ䣬һʱͷﶼ͵ػһСߡ
ţءӦտȵĿʼϡ
ᴭյһѾסСͽĺڷЩǿӲؽ

󲡳Ծÿһں·ǴӷβģĸξĿǻ
۵ԸӣΪһһ
桢ͽȴ׽סֱǡ
治ң·ңҲҡͬһֻ۵Ұޣɤ˻Ʋԣ뿪ң
Ũ÷ɢУһ֪Ժδ΢磬ܷᣡ
һĿսήĻ䣬չ˻꣬޲ɷ
***
էйһֻѩᣣֱܿһֻס˻ȥ
컹磬˯ϸϸϱƤһδ롣
ס΢Ƶɤ̴һ˿ǻ׵ƤذأίòУˡ
ĶˣƳЦ̬ƳԱİ֮һ飬𣿡
һ䣬תſ˿ϲˡ
ǰߣɫ΢䣬ĵǺ޷ҹ޵ô羹Ȼҡ
ȥ糯ǿ侲ȥѩһǣһ
糯ʱ䶼˳ʥϽá
ʥϣ΢Ϊ̰żȻ͢Ӧȴǰسٹ٣һ度Ⱥ֮
֮ʥϵһظѱ棬ԣ˭ȥأ
ص΢ʥϵּ⡣
ʥָߵη֣ʵûλ䣬ëԼ
ٹٰԽû˸ص
һϦ֮䵹̨Σ֮ʲôʱ䵽Լͷϡ
οС󣬵طԱٹ໥۸ӣ͢ȥ̰ѲȻ
ǲ鲻ʥҪôΪ²ҪôΪ˺ô̻طԱ֮൱ֺá
ǵһƬš
ʥϳ׵Ŀ⣬һһɨµĴǣȻЦ
ǰŵĳһսľ׷׽Դøˣֻ뽵ԼĴڸС
ʱѦҳУ΢ԸʷѲݣΪʥϷǡ
ڳŰһ
ʥ΢һױʾϿɣܿ˳ˡ
³˽ټҽ
¹񣺡ʥϡ
Ұף޾ȴ˻ʹò׵ǣ򵱳ʵ
ҽض񡣡̬Ⱥ˲٣ҽҪ̡
ֹ֣ʥϵ˵޷
վڰԣʵ壬ʱܳȬ
⡭üֳܶϮ˷һ볹ã¡
һȥ˼ǣһֱŲ壿
߷һֲ֮ײ̾һֻȺúţһصҽȣһʦµҽӣҵķӡ
һܹϣ
ɫµһˣĲҪҽˡ
ҵʩԻ
һ¡һ£ʵµ״ɷܼҵġ
㶣ҵʲô
򶨵ػص֮¡
ȿȿȡ־һԣæصĿǰ״òҪ͡
ҪأĻ޲͡
֣
ǲҪҪºһЩֿʥϵɫı˴ǣżһΣǿԵġ
ػĬˡ
ҹϧ󲡳ƣֵõһ
żһΡ
һΡ
Ժһٷɿ׷ʵĻҵģ
֣
***
ٴʱ
ˣʱͳԵɤһֻÿɢĴᣣһǣ𣿡
յؽ˿Ը
Цһڴ齱ߣص𣿺ȵˮ
ڱӴ˸һ˵ػص߿뿴㡭
ôˣ̧Ħ羱ҹƵɤصѵΪû
յغһ
ҵֿõЦҹôͲϽҵأ
ֺ̧ݺһѣȥʣ治ʦ棡
˺ˣҸϸҩ֮ǰһ̫ҽԺҩ˵ҩЧá
óԺúǰӹҽ˵á
ƫԼ̫ҽԺҪģ
Ȼ˸Ȼǡ
ҲŤ󣬷ܵ鶼ˣϸҩʲôͽڵң͸úú÷ź
Ƭ̺󡪡
Сߣһ۵ŭǰҪʦţ
šѹȥʪĴ´ûûƤЦȻأҪҸ𣿡
һ˳̵۽գգͣƺû⡣
ôУΣյصסѲɣûҸ𣿡
һˣɤۡ
һƼٵĻΣɽ
ڻ漴˹յյߡ
֣СյⲻԾ򴽰꣬ġ
˷ۡЦҳ
˵գס򢣬̧нԼǡ
ǻʣζһɨգֲˣüҧһҽͷ
˭ϢʱҲݣҺԡ
ʥϣ˺ִؼʱ̣⴫С̫ͨ
Ƭκ޵ڴðӦ
λһǰһ̤ڵֻɿڴͷǧī˿΢΢ҵɢԺ󣬴ϻιű
ʥվǰڴڹ裬һſٱѹ͡
λ˶һۣΪʦַʲôҵ
ˣִˡɫ΢죬ƽʵʲôҪ£
˭Ҳ²˿̿ˣʵһͿ
лҪ˵


89 ϴˮ
ѵõЧ, ȻֺؽصԶ蹰ֻص΢ʾʥ, ûյ̰ʳη䣿
תʵֺؽ𣿡
˴ʧأһƬ棬ؽ¡üͷ΢壬֮͢һζα겻αҪӸϣ跨ݳɺ⡣
΢һף˵뷨ıϡݵ⣬һ̰۸ܣǴСϣ̰ѽ, ҪӸɺ
ϵ, ¶ĵЦ, ΢ΪӦݴˮ, һˮʱ, ǴӷˮˮӸԴϽݸɺȱˮ⡣
ҲЦ, ׼ӻ, һӰȻ˹, һ, ԵĴˡ
ӹ, ܼ硣ʥֱ׳ؽ͵

ӹ飿ܼ磿ҹ˭
Ϊ, ⲻ֪Ŵ, ´µӰˡ
費ԾĿ⣬ֱ齡
ͬ˵Ľ顣Ƭκع⣬⣬Ҫݵֲ࣬סͺ߲Ƿأ˸֮ؽԿֲֲ󣬼ƹֲȫߺ
ӺˮƽӽʱѴסũΪʵʳûγɹģԵֲҲûܸṩʳ
˼ƹֲ˰յĿӹ롣
һݰҲںˡֺͬΪ֪Щũͺ
˶٣ŪıʱֹΪԵоֲپܷƹȫ
޼̹ʾؽֲߣоЩͺֲ
ֲ׻ü׳ڿ죬ʮѮɲա
˾ͺũƬֵ̣ˮǴ󹤳̣֧Ҫ㣬ضһʲСĿ֧
򵥣Щ̺ëһû޶ءЦһ̹ᣬѹ֬࣬˹ҵʳ˰طǿΰҵγӯ
Ӻ׶ˣһǹٳ̰ǵطǿưԣ볹ɨ塣
***
λ˸Ǻ޵ڻָƽ
ƿЦˣǲǿԼš
סָ̧֣סڽۣڲУԶЩ
ȥʵʵǸҴˡ
бһۣĶˣ
ץסָ⣬һڣٸȥҧ䣬ֻ
òͣȥֺݺһƿ֪ڸģһȣ
˺ˣĴˣæЦģűˣ˴ſɺã
룬ӻЩˡ
ӡ
һӣоЩ鴤̧ۣס۲Ĳ
Ҳ뵽ʲôЦһֻ͵Գɹɵ
źӲ֣Ųؿڵָòˣʱˡ
ڷ۵һ٣ȻܾУڹ
һҲһЦЦʥϵ޹
عͷһұ֤תǰ
Ŀ⻳ɵ´
ҽڹٴҽ뿪ɣ£ߵǰָԪҶ
СͽһĵģһأӦһ
еػصһٸУ
˯˯ĵط΢΢һЦб𣬱ӡ
ɵˣִ
ȻһǧһԸ⣬Ϊʥϻ˯鷿
ҰοҲãô˻ú壬ʱҲЩ
ٹټµԼҹڳϧ˯鷿£һ𺳣һ治һ˿и糯ʱһһ磬ҵҵɾʮ㣬γһƬϹ÷Χ
ͬʱطصѲɵؽţˮĹҲݱ
һжõķչ
***
ʱڣȻָǰǱһ˸ڷһ͵ˡ
תҪע±ůвȾϷ纮ҽ빬ǰ¡ǰһˡ
ƽҽȴΪʵڸжϿҵصлҽκضǡ
˿ˣβ˱ҵְڡְ˰֣˵ˣʥϴҵϡҩҲֵơ
ӺʹȷʵкܶҪҩģԼϡҩһҽʦ˵õʹ͡
ǣҽһ̡䣬ҽ롣
˸ſڣԶԶһīɫӰ߹
Ųһ٣ЦҽҾ͵ˡ
ֹҾȥʥϴС
򵥷䣬ܿߵǰôˣ
ֲСҶѲɻᱻ紵߰תߡ
ڽź߶߶ݣ˵׼أ
ôص޵㿪ʼʰϴ
ɫһ䣬֮ǰԼЩãôߣ
⳼һֱסڻʵ޹ģһۣǰΪֻһʱ˵ʲôǷӦͻж಻ˡ
üͷһ壬ǻʵۣѲɻҪǵɫ
Уǻʵ󡣡΢΢ЦŴȤҪɫ
ǰһҶҪʱʱɫ˭ָ˦ɫ
ʧЦֽеĽӵСͽȥϷ԰ڡ
˫סۣ̬һڣ㡭

ٻȥɡƿѣ޹һΣ
ԥһ£ûܾ
ĥĥţֹ£ʱˣµؿڵɫѰٻ򸮰ɣҲһԲԣ
ʱɿȪеûعôͱ
ʥרȪȷʵʣټİ޽ԡأȻȪˮʣһԵŵźŵѬ㣬ֻƬ̣Щ˯
ʶ֮ʣƺж
ΪСӽź򣬱û⣬ֱһֲֻɢķ˿ڼһǡ
˲侯˫Сߣ
ĵ˭ӣ
ң͵Ӧ˳ļ羱ϣһʪȵǣϡ
ס΢ʪ򢣬ƯƫҧסʪҷĴꡣ
һ˳ɿأǡ
δòѣϰǰȥ
ԽԽ.ʱ⧲ˣֱһ죬㽫Сͽˮ
ͨһ죬޷һͷԽԡı£ܿˮվ
ɹŰɫЦ绨ʵϴˮú𣿡
̧һʪĺڷȪˮ˳νɫĳаسƽúȣиúȵġ
飬ȻʶΣգһһˣȳȥûݺá
ҲҰצµСᣬȻЦҪ򸮣ζ峹׺ˣ԰ɣ
΢΢üûأʱʱͷΡݾˣ;еΡ
˵ѵֵ˳رϣ޿ˡ
Цһصƭӣƭӡ
һ̣һֻް˹ȥ
Ҳһ˲䣬ԺһĻƵĳһҵͷϮ
ѸˮɲסŲһѽסҡҡ׹
лҪ˵
̵ǧ·ݡ
̫ˣһɾء



90 ᷢ
, װοвͨЦȴֻ˫, ˹ȥ
ɫ䣬һѽᱧһߵ̤ԡء
ѡ·ʷݣ˲䱻ǿҵĿ־֣ˣҽ
ʥϻʪرŹӻ޵εľ壬СҲÿˣȴҶʣֻܽظʥ
ϣ̫ҽ̫ҽأ
ʱ½̫ҽɫҴҵ̤ڵ, 㱻Լһ, ʥϣ
ε, ԡúõظ˵Ż״εؽ, ͻȻε, Σ
ʥĪ΢ΪΡ½̫ҽǰ, Ϣ˺
Ƭκ, ջ, ʱһ, ƽ, ޴󰭡
ö˶˵Ϊλε, ʦжﲻ
½̫ҽһ, ϵѪɫ˼֣ص΢ҽʥģɴʦǰΪΡ
ķӿıŭ˴ҽտ̫ҽ
̫ҽϸŹóһĽۡ
ʥϵģſһ롣
˶ϳ޵һ˶ǰס˫ָӢü͸ƣ¡
˯˾ɡŴɰ׵ֱ૿ңҲˡ
ͬʱ˯еȴһ
ƯڰУϱ߸ߵԼ˫ϸһɫ
漴ϤǵӰ޵ڡ
СߣʶһȴһʶȻѹ
ϵͳŬעٻչϵͳϵͳ
ֲиٻ˼飬ϵͳڻػˣ㶼ˣ
ǰľӰ㼱ţһտ֮أǱŨصĺڰΨǰһŹĴĻе˹ܡ
ϵͳãμ档
Ļǰ䵭ҾҪҽղһĻô£
ϵͳ
ԭľ飿ԣԭûڡ
ԭֻ˵ǻ󣬽ʦڶøֿĥ֮ãû˵ϡ
ϵͳ׼ȷ˵Ǳߵڶڡ
˵˻
ϵͳҲˡ

ϵͳҸ˵λʧˣǵλԽߡû㣬ԭҲˡ
ͨϵͳͼĲïչʾڸȥ
һλԽ߱ɵˣܵź󾹾Լʶ
ʶѺ֪ԼǸﲻķڻеڻң󻹻ᱻǧУңغڻˡ
Ⱦ֮ȸɵ˵ڶλԽߣԼеİʯС̤Ȩ۷壬Ϊ֮ϵ
׼ȥС˳¸ĳ֮ʱɱҲˡ
ұɱڸûʵĵ޵Уҹҹ衭
İļƬȿֺӿԺͷѣԴȥ
ϵͳٴαϵͳòʼû뵽꾹Ȼһˡ
˵ʲôסģС߲ҵġ
ֻ꣬꣬һڷ֮أϵ衣
ôܣСͽôܻ
ϵͳ̾һʡ͵ĵƣӲһһθ磬κòȶˣԲһΡ
Ҫ뱨ϵͳˡ
ϵͳйϱ㣬Ҳ˵ȫĴ
˵գĻлڶߵĻ档
ɿ˫֣Ŀ⿴Ļ
Уִ޳׵СֽСؽʪĵؽԼ˯ʱͷСͷ伮ǰ
ɵڵϣԼȻСͽ˺֡
ϵͳÿһһµĿʼҲ̫ϱӵ¡
ΧһƬš
úʵСߡҲϱӵ𣿡
ϵͳ̫ȷӦòɡ
һزȥˣ𣿡ʣһʼƭҡ
ϵͳĬƬ̣صǸ㣬Ѿˡ
һЦµˡ
ĺ嶨Ȼǵһʱ壬Ȼؼ̳Ĺɷݡ
ϵͳӲͷƤο㽫̵úܺãֻҪ㲻·Ͳᡪ
ὫӹˣԺ㲻سˣһҲûС
ϵͳ
***
ٶ˫ʱӳſ齱ߵԴ
Сͽ֣ſ˯һҹ
ײֳһ˿ݣܿתһָӵɫ
ƺܵĿ⣬͵شоѣﷺźѪ˿ˣ
ǰ֮˺ɢеغϣȻеۣסֲԾ
ע⵽ϸ΢Ķﲻ̫ҽ
ްƳ񣬡ֻЩۣ˯һ
ʱŷˣˤڴϡ
ЦЦԸǡ
ڱµ΢̵Ϣʱƫ
㡣̧סµ򢣬Ĵ꣬Цһ󡣡
ֻһǳֹǣ֣ܿ˯³š
۽ޣ˵ͷ
úڽۺ󣬴ӱȥϱĥǸ˼޶¡
̽ʵСߣ뿪
ΰıӰ˲عͷȥĶ
̫ˣżȥɢɢġɵ
Ȼһ첽߻شǰ̵ͦıǼ⣬ĺæӣȥɢģҶȥ
ǻʵۣôأЦһ£Լȥͺˡ
áͷһᷢ衣
Ŀ΢΢һѵҪһ
ݵĳĬƽػص֪ģֻҪ뿪ңʲôԡ
ȻأҪ𣿡
ڵʱһĹ⡣
ûشȴõ˴𰸡
˻֣ȥϳɡ
Ǳʶ󣬺ﲻԾһʱҲ˵ֻȥ糯
ٻصǬʱϿˡ
ĵȻܲˣ
СæСܽȥ߾һֽʥϣ˻ظˣ빬ǰһš
һѶֽչһĿʮеɨݺɫ
ʥϣ˵ʲôССʵ
˻򸮾ȥˣڳЩ֮¡ʥϽֽ۵طŽСӣ˵޲𣿡
СӽԴҡ˲˹ģʥô᲻أ
ˡЦһ˵޲޿϶ǲˡ
Сӣ
***
Դ빬̣յûסҹ˾ʱķ򸮡
һز쳣ƽʱǵһȴӰ
üַܿŴˣֻţҡ
ȻƬ̣ԷڻǺ޶
ɫ΢һ漴һ߿ţ
һƬڼžﻹӰӣ
ʱ򸮵ļҶҲˣŻѳ˵ԷŰΧ
ܼҴȵηСҹ򸮣
һӢ棬Ӱ¶ˣأ
ܼһæ񣺡μʥϣ
㡪ܼǰ־ס죬Ӳٵ˰Уҧгݵرʵأ
ԺһأܼҼѵػص󡢴¡
źһѽܼӵϣʲôʱߵģĸȥˣʲôˣһһʮء
ˣ÷뿪ߣ
лҪ˵
̣ҪˣҪڻˡ
ֻȥɢģСˣ
ŰŰֿᳬµģǰģ
ⱲҲûǿƺɶģ뿴ĻҺٺٺ١



91 ץס
ժ¥
ĵСæµشڿǰ赹ˮ, ſ¿ͣʱһ˦, ڵӭǰȥλ͹ٿ߶롫
Сʱһʱסˡ
һϮۣ࣬һֻܳƵٶȴһ˵
磬̬ͦչ޳һֽȣһλµ湫ӡ
һţеĲ¥Ծ, »ָ֡
΢һ, λ, 鷳ˡ
Сʱע⵽湫󻹸ʹӡ
, Ӷ¥룡׻ع, ת·
˶¥ڿλ, һһҵ, Ц, ľ׮ӵô
򳿱Ž, ޱػصҪˡ
СæŻصūūҡ
΢΢ü, , Ժͱҳ˰
˶һ, ѡԹ档
Сϲ裬̲ס̸ӵĿ̳Ǳˣ
ЦЦǴʢ·ء
Դ뿪ʹ򸮺򳿸ݣҹĳ˾ǡ
󣬳ϴȥݳ̰û뿪ʢ
ȥʱ۳Ͷٲͬ˴һ·ɽˮָͣͣ˴Ӻķ飬ͬʱҲϰյʵ
ǹҪ̳ǺúϼաСؽܵطСóԺĶɶأ
һ˶һۣС⣬ͳ͵С
ʱǰȻһɤţ֣ϲԣ뾩μӻԸ״ԪǧСǰ
¹ǫǻ㼯Ӣţĳ˿ɲҿ˺ڡ
ǰ˵һά͡
һˮǻΪȺѧӵĵݣƾٻԲѫİϷףڻȡúΣֱ졣
ִԲӣǰ곯͢ǳ˿ƿ׵ĹԱʾƽ
δ̫ˣӰˣҴѹһգ˵һ˵ӺмԺţⱳᣬȥˡ
ֲֳյԲЦ
˷ۣһǸ׵ĺѧӡ
ʳڣ˱͸ע߼Цˣ΢գλӣкκЦ֮
ƿ۽ޣЦصλӣθˣӺʷϵڶλԪߣʵʵسԺš
⡢⡭̸ѧӶʱǺǿбֻǹˡ
µ۵ǻ󣬰䲼кüάƾٹƽگںѧӶԣõĻᡣػصΪɣĺãֻҪ汾£͢ûλѧӡգλԿɳΪ֮ͬҴӺʢ
򵥵һܴѧӲĳȣ־ʾҪͨʵѧһչ۲ű
˵ʥϵǻ󣬰䲼ȷʵڰաһ˲廰ǴطǿطֻϰգڴӺʷϿɴδ
ǰʥϰ䲼گ˵صĸ̺𶼱ƵˣûϰǾٱ׷ϱƲɲƲ˰ӳ͢Ǯˡ
͢Ǯʲôãֲָƽչ
Ŀǳμӿƾأ

˳£粵֤¥ԽԽҡ
۽΢ɫƽǱۣмȡõѶϢнԵ
һף²յǸˡ
ϣǰƿԵλӺȻǰסȥ·
ɫλӣкδͽ̣
ĪҪᣬ²Ƿ֮ˡ˹Ҿ̬ȼΪϿңֻǼڿƿܲƽһֱѻŵƫչһϯĳˣлӡ
΢ȣû뵽лԵɡ
һ˼ѧӽֽʣֽ֣ݸܹӣܹǰʢϿƾҵĳˡ
ֽܹˮ̧֣ʸȥδѰӣȴȻԶˡ
***
ľݣ뿪ժ¥ȴһ¥˲ЩŹֵĿΧ˴ʢ
Ų΢٣ˣ濴ֻͨİգȴһС
򳿡˹ָڰϵ˵ȥˡ
˵һ
ȻʶνĶǿֹסˣֻһ˼
һ¥ʱɧ¥ϰҲˣҴҸϹ⡣
һĮսص󣬷·ղŷһж޹ء
εظ˸ͷ漴Сȥ⳥¥ϰܾˣŻ뿪ժ¥
ӣղΪʲôҪˣСӺʵѵʲô쳣֮
ǴӺˡһûһµҡֽȣ˼ңʵ֣ڿʲô鱨
СƶǶصͷʵӣǽҪȥ
ĵػصǾ͸߰ɡ
ϣһ·ֱʢȥˡ
СӺ֪طӦӣⲻǻؾ·𣿡
ûһԴϣϳѽ
ɡǡСӸԻˣɹӲҪ뾩Ϊֻˣ
бһۣҺʱ˵Ҫ뾩
СӾòͷҧˣѵеӶˣ

򳿣ûϸ𣿡СȥѰ֧֡
򳿳ʵػصûӡ
ЦԷǣ漴̾һ֮ĪҹȥĶ
ɢɢģ侲ؽǰԼ뷨˳Ӻǵ⡣
ֻ뾩һˣʹλȻѾھƺܿͻҵ١
ֻϣСͽ飬򸮸Ʒˡ
˵䣬Ǹŵͣ½Ųսһջ
ǣת̤бľ¥ڶ¥Ĵԣ׼øš
ò˺ָָߵ棬ܱߵ̸
һ·Ҽʶ̬
ʹеĹĶǲͬƽյиĿദҲƽϸ΢Ҹĵú˼ҲôӺİչϷʳҵӡ
ʱ¥ذһ£űһӺ
ʲôˣСż̽ͷ⿴ʲô𣿡
Ŀбӵ֣׼ȷסĺӣֹСȥ֡
ЦЦ¥ĽŲ
Ц΢΢ͣӿһĪĲ֮УŲôеϤأ
ųȵĽŲһɫӰС
һϮڽۣθߴһٱɱ¸ɢһɼΪ˵
ο󻹸λδ󺺣ǵӡ
¥ĿǣԼͬջߣ͡
ͬʱϵĻҲʧˣչϵֽȣŤͷͼڵסԼ
һ˲ȻַӦԼݵģԭĳֻ˵ǺɣСͽܿ϶ϲ
뵽װ򶨵طֽȣĿⰲˣʾǲҪ¶š
СƴѹסߵľԴȥ
վ¥ݿڣĳĿɨһȦܿ˴ߵλϡ
ϢµǳһȲ裬аٷǳԲˣСͽǾͿ
ûñץȥ׼С
Ȼҵǣ͸۽֣ⷢСͽ΢һͣٺ󣬾Ȼֱس˹
ˡȫİʵûλƴ𣿡

㣡
лҪ˵
ݼͲУ
̣Ǻǡ



92 ̽
һʱ, ¥˵Ŀⶼе˴ߡ
٣ָĦ.յ, ѹɤص˼
ҿ򳿸ʱҲθıߣαװһˡ
Ȼȴû뿪ôһǰ
ǵԺӵĿͷʱţʼӣѵʲôط¶
ԼվӶϲԼСͽһ۾ʶݣ
Ӧֻɺϰˡ
˼ˣʵһŲŲ̩Ȼ̧Ļ, 
Сͫ׵, ƴʾҪҪ, ֹʥ
ڵϳһº, ĸԾɢ, γɰΧıơ
ΧֵĿǻָֻһЩ
ԹԵƺ, һ, λ, ˣ
ǱˡԾŲһ㡣
񡣡𲱾, һһ, , ǾĿ
ȿȿȡСӱԼĿˮǺ, æεضյһˮ
ɰһ̱һĹ
ܴ˴뾩Щơ˵Ϲתƻ·˵ػǣ
һƣصˡ
ԭˡӦһûټ׷ʡ
ͷȸ˾ƣһӦ뿪ҵˣȴҲע͵͵ˡ

͵͵¿ˡ
̽ȰҲֻȥɢɢģԼȥʱͻȥˡ
ɢģЦһͳɤв˼ԵʹɢģĺҶһȥϡҰڳԣϡ
ĬƬ̣صҲһ˾Ǽ˻ǡ֮䣬ҪһЩĿռ䡣
סƱָȻ͹ĹǽڷףƵһȥơ
ˣʶ̧֣ס˾ƺ
޳ֱ¶Уǻڴǵһ޶ķɫӡǣʹ˫ۡ
Ҳʶ¶Ѹջֳ𣬡£ʹ˱
˵գתҪ뿪
ΧܱߵĴʱˢˢ嵶סȥ·
ͬʱѩٿȻʣĮȻиֳɱ
˲佣š
¥Ŀ˱ŵɢˣҲˣŲ·¥ȥ
˫΢£Ǻ⣿
һˡһһƣǵϵӰûؼˡ
ԭأ򶨣ϴˡ
Ժǰؽ£̵Ϣ⣬ҵôϴ
һԼҲܴӹһϳ
Ϥĵ˳Ŷδ׵ǣ֫һͽ͵طϵҲǡѽ
Сͽܾᱧŵгı
еĽһתˣ
򳿣սֹСҳϣȷ
ȻȴţŲ¥ߡ
ò̧סСͽܵļ米ԱҰοôõԼġ
ȵĴϣߵýСͽؿƵشȥҪȥ
򣬲Ϊؼǰߡ
򳿺СӽＱúܣȴǰȥֹ
ȵȣȻˣŽǰ̧Ǹģܸˡ
ͣ½Ų΢ڿ˽ڣʲôˣ
ͨգ֣йҲ򡣡صпϸ
ƬκʾĴϸҪʱץر˾
£ûڣֻܹԹԱСͽܱǰߡ
***
ʱɿڴһһһнשɶ
һ·˽˺գŵϡ
ĻŲڻ̴ʩģ
ġϥǰܲõ
תЩǰӢݡ
ֱ𽫽һ£óϣʵЩСͽܵġµļƻ֮ڡ
Ŀףĵؿڵƭҡ
˿š
ƭҡһգգضÿһ˿飬ûʱȥ
ҡ汻סˣ΢΢Ʋ񣬡ôϳģ
֣սˡ
֪뾩ĵһӦŭɳĽ;ĴѰټ
ȻһһȥȴʼѶ޾ľֻӿͷһԶ߸߷ɣҲҪˣôȥ
ֻߣ⡪
ȥֻɳ֯һž޴ɢȥѰҡ
ֱججĴԺȻһ⡪ҲһΪݻòˡ
λѸһλˡ첻ˣڵõϢ
ҵȻϵóɤȥӴ¿ĵһۣҾϳˡ
һһ߽Ǽᵽǹɽ͸÷ʱͣ͵
ָ̧֣գİ
ҪƵҩˮá׽סָӻͳһСƿӣˮ𣿡
ܿ죬ͽһˮ
ҩˮʪĽ࿪Լı͵ĲϺ֬ˮ۶ж
һiˮܽذһ¶
ϸϸġ续üۣ͵ȥϣ˵Ҫɢģͨʲô
򴽣ϸʵûɢģٿ޼ô
ҲסڵͫӿˮۿѸٷ죬ǹҡҲ塭
ʲôĶȥˣʧЦðɣҹȷʵܹݣҲû
ҧҧ⣬ʱֹס仰ֻԼġ
˵ҿԵȣԸⰮҡѹؿҰޣȴԽԽʧأҵĵֻҪ뿪ңô𣿰
ϸѩƽ߬ţԺвɸֳϱӱĥһĻ
Щţ侲һ㣬Сߡ
̫ѨӿĶʧȥ֮ǰɿ֣ձڣһȭݺݴڲϡ
֧ϰ
ԲձڣͬһͷסСޣɤＷ͵͵֪ұӣ˽̰񫣬ҡ
ĸסӲȭͷģСߡ
С¸ңͣΪ˰ڣԼˡ
ãС߲Ҫġͷսıϣŵȥˡ
û㳹뿪ñһֻ˨ߵķݣߵԶֻҪСһͷͻɻȥ
֪УĸСϡ
꣬׵ɺȥȡ֮ǴһĨЦ
𣿡ɤʵȷϵġҲ뿪𣿡
̾ϢصСߣ˵Ļʧţ
תϵ羪֮񣬡Һ£
ֱ֪κˣ˵ôſ
ǡһ£Ŀصĺ촽ϣǣԸһ¡
ɻüʲô
ûǹҡȳĴӣίͰģȴȻ
ƬκЭع˹ָ
չȥ漴һϡ
˰ɣһ֣׼룬ϸȴһסˣ⧲˶ײȥ
һ˲򢱻̧ҧס´
ǲǣҧŷĴ꣬ɤճһʲôŽǡ
ӵеȫǴѧģ񳤴˵ܸúúûʲô
лҪ˵
̣ԽʱͻòСݡ
ǲֱ·ˣ
ȿȿȡ



93 ع
ɫѤĻˮ, ƿ̲ˮһ·򾩶ʻȥ
§, ˣֱֵת˵λãԼȥ
Һˮſڼʵ̵ϣռϷѹƣȴԱСͽǵô
;ȡ꣬·Ҫǽһһȥڽ˭ҲܽǷֿ
ǻĿԽԽϡӱǻ﷢һ, ˳һЩ
ѧ𣿡ƳЦ, ܲס, ý
죬΢΢̵βȾһĨ֬ɫ, κСڴ, ˡ
Ȭӹǻǲǰ, ʲô, СͽܵǶмܲס
ʱ, ƽʻĻƺײ˴ʯͷ, ͵ػһ¡
һ, ҪСͽ, ȴű, ϡ
ɫճյһůƵ򢣬𣿡
һˣûһղ˼ļ尾жȹ
룬ץһҪܵݺݵغݺݵؽѵֱ˼ԣҲ뿪
ɵһ̣Ժʲô뷨ûˣֻӵֻƯﵹӳӰ
󣬺һͻ۶ǽϸôء
š⣬̵ļ羱䣬ָСͽܵķ
һ紵־һεһ£⴫һһ۵ˣ
ͷϣԲõüͷ̧һſȵ
ŵһ漴ֱµϸϸ

س֮·ż𵴣˳˳ˮǰִʢɿڡ
򳿱Žվڼװϵȴܿʥϱ̤˳
˶ݽ˿ĺڽУ°΢΢أڼ米ϵ˫ָ֣Ƕ͸һʪ졣
ʥ㣬⵭ɨһۣԼĪãûмƽŵçײȱ˰
Сվ̲࣬ס̾һתתǾȻֻˡ
򳿳Ĭص˵ͷ
˵ղںʥǲǡСӺȻѹصشյ򳿶ϡ
üһȴСӼǲ۸ˣ
򳿣
ջεԼСһʥ淢ƢˤˡСǼҹܲҹӶʥôã¶ʥϣΪôһС¡
򳿲ԸŽŲ
***
ӦҪֱʻ򸮡
һţҪȥԼߡ
ĸۡʥϴᱧɺͳ
úúãԼߡЦ̵ͦıǼ⣬Сطµء
һأᡰ˻һվסҿĴ׼ʱס
СġɤмԵãұȥɡ
סΣһĸ첲Сè޺ӡ
Ҳ˭
򸮵ļҶӭǰų۵Σװµǰߡ
Էǰһȥ㷴ֹ˷ţɵסҪŵСͽܡ
ͦıײſһһûȥء
ªݲʥ𡣡˨Ƶ΢岻ʣˡԶˡ
β͵ĥĥѸȥ
ֿһҲˣֻܿŴ̨ؽ͵ҲϸҩʲôҲɣҽȥɣţ
Ǹꡣһյ裬ٲعȥлϣлϰ̹ܽܽͽ
УͻعЪϢӦһͷɥߡ
ع󣬵һʱǵǱ򸮡
սʿֲֻ
ǣʥϣӦ
Уε㣬˷֡ʥϸڴǰǱ̫֣ôԼﶼе
ٴγʧȥϢĴҪ٣
***
˻ؾ𽥻ָϳ
ܿ죬ǱߴϢֲճɼãſɿڣһʥϳʡ
ŷһӲӵףʱڵ
һףڵְĺ͡
ʲô˼һۣԼ˸װҧһڣţԡ
֭ˮݣȻζЩͬڸȴǼõģΪʳȫû⡣
ʵǿƹֲˣ
ҧһڣȥصһֳȲҪʳãȫΪӣͿԴµˡ
ϲԣҾ˽һȥ򸮡ЦеΪҹﲻ׼ţҲС
һӻϡ
΢һü׼˵ʲôȴڻµͨ
ıŲҴҵ߽ƣعڵϣ˫־ܱ
ü΢壬ܱɨһۣ˲
ͷһɲֱıִˣ
̧ſڣջʵص㸸ⱱֵн͵Ϯˡ
ĬƬ̣ɬʵסûΣգ
ڴ֮ǰ˶˵İˣ֪ǱԼļˣȻн٣Ҳȫ޶ԡ
вἰĿǰӦǰȫġ߻ߣ̧סݵļ򣬵οعģһõҽǰı
ԡֳס棬üš𣬡սһ֮ãΪͻȻַ͵Ϯ
бһĹ⣬ڻص֪ȥ걱ֳ˸ս죬սһͳһļ岿䣬ǰ̲֣ϳƴ֡
˫΢̾ó׼ˡ
˷ڣ˺δıʿܴһ󽫾ᵶ򱱴ֿ
뱱ֺϲսıҲܷɽ䱸ɫ侲䶬µ֮Ҫͳ֧Ԯı
ҪԵñܴʤ̡
ȥǲѺǰıһʯ٣ιııʥڰ󣬳Ը
ԼʱԹݲĿ¾ıصޡ
ǣϳ̰ţִˡ
˵ӯⳡ̻֪ҪáֵʥϿһگϸļǮ
ǵ͢ղƲ˰ʱظѴѪ˴οºѡ
̡̱һۣϸ͵ٸȴӽѡԸļĸ̣ٷҵЭᣬȨʹ̲ļ衣
ʣµĸΪԱͲòڲļ衣ѸٷӦغ𱾾֮ͬ񣬴ʱȻΥ͢˼
ʥһ˼漴İˣ½죬ҪǷʵ͵Ľϸ̣úһƤ
ʱڳ£׷¡
Ӱ߳ƣƣֽ̧Ϣˡ
ûƿӲʵϣصⳡ̣еô򡣡
ʲôֱֻǴ֣һδ塣ظݵļȴǵ䣬ôˣαҴñͷܣ޵
ǿ̾ϢһܵЩˣˣ
ûгǿս첲ɱᶨҪǰ峹״
һٿȻ˵ʲô
ҴӺߣԶ緢Цҵģһֱμ
лҪ˵
Ż¾ˣʱʵȴϿӣ



94 ˵
͢ļǮگ, ձ㴫ĵĽ֮硣
Դκ󣬹ԱЧʴ, ֮⣬ϦУ㼶Ա˿ҵ顣
ܿ죬ϸǵľ;ѩ򾩶ݵĺҲ׷͢ı⡣
Ȼ͢Ҳ˸һͷŵ𲽿ֶ֧óףظ̾һ޽˺ӣٺ˿֮·ΪƷͨṩཻͨ
ͬʱӪڼӽ, ս
ǶǸһӵľ, ս顣ǰ, Ѳӽ޴ǧ, 󡣡
΢Ϊ, ǶϷʥϻ˼ʥ, Сؽԡ
, ıʿܴ, ޲, ʱʥϳص, ŽӺ߾, ɱΪ, ˵ͷһղһղ
ʥӢ踽һ䣬漴һתȫԱսóλսǿҰղ¶֮ںѳ𡣡
ͬԼǡʥϣһ޾һⳡսʱ
޲ڳʱ̫޼ȫȨʥϷתѾλ䲻ضԡ
λȰ
ǰŹʥϣתͷȥ£֪ڱ̾֡
ֵͷǰ֣̾ʱűͼֽñֽ̾һ拾
̾רŸеĻȵλʱڣ͢Ȩչ룬ط˽죬ӪΨӪװ率
ˡ΢һףתߣкҪ£˶ҵˣ
費ʣһ北Ҫ
ҡҡͷʥ׼ߵ
һ֪ʥԤ
˵ˡ̤żһԼ.󣬶Ϊʥ׼
Ҳסɻ󲻽⣬Դ߾Ϊ㲻ս
Ų΢٣̾һбķӣȻٰ㲻Ըȥǰðգ
ϣСͽֹܸľͬҲǻѪһˮ
ֲں߾䣬ţʱܽһٻʱձسɴ󻼡̶ƬΣƽҸˣӰ죬ʱıĲʲôʥܹʿأ
οһıΪӺºͣ˷ضࡣ
ǿЦЦ˼ԡ
***
ʱ˻ص˾˫˫
թһ룬ǰҾݣŻ͵Ϯʥͳ˲ٿͷֿڵ˴ζϴ֣ʤѲ⡣
˵òֽóǧﱼϮС߻ʱȡǳ;Ϯͻսν䲻⡢䲻֮֮䵭ЦһһΣǻҪװ北սʱƿԡٸ䱸Ĺ.̿ɴ߰ٲԽӺ߾
ɫˣԭ뵽ģ̫ıȫ
۽΢Ҳ̸ֻֽˣսϣս˲Ϣ䣬ʱʲôæҲﲻϡ
ƺ̲ס̧֣鸲ϴֱĬذοˡ
ڴʱſڴȻһȳ⣺ڸʲô
ԭѲһȦʥϹ˸䣬˾
ŵһ漴ѸٳԼ֣޹ػصûʲô
ĬĬ񣺡ʥϡ
ˣʥϷðص飬ǲǸøҵ飿
лʥϹػ񷱶࣬ҲҪ治ɫعҾ΢͸ˡ
ʥĿԶȥȻǰסϸѩϸ꣬ոֱˣ

ûǲǻɵʲôĴ̳ӱˣָزŰ۵ƤҾ֪һֱá
˵ʲôأѹûšεشĻΪ˭һն
仰⴦û³
һſת磬һ˺üֱζطʵôˣնôˣ
Ըɴһͷ֮ǰҪҪȥһĸ
Ǽ䣬ϵı鵭ȥ
ǻ˼ּĸ乬з˳
մӺµ۵ǻйȻµĸĸƾӹ󡣵δԹַ񲣬Ϊ̫Բ˳
οµ۴ĵĸ䡣
Թ󣬷財ȻζǰʼУƹŷ飬ΪӺ͵о
û裬˵ĥҡף֣ų乬ǿӡ
棬̽ʵСߣûһֿܣװɵҲΪ˱㣿
΢΢һһĨĻȣҵֱ
̾Ϣһһӵ
***
պؽѱ룬Ӫװ
ǰҹʥϴ곯̧α鼮̫ϵƣʱɢ
ˣߣ˻ȥЪϢɣջҪ𡣡
߹ȥ޳ʵ˫۳ϣγһΧƣҹˣòã
á΢΢Цбأʥϡ
ԴǵزŹĶͷ󣬡ȥı֪ղžۣѵͲ𣿡
ӮˣȻžˡΪ
ǲߣĥңұֻ֤§˯ʲôҲò
Ƭ̺Эðɣҹߡ
óѰݺһڣȲֱȥԡҡ
ЦĿƶֱߴıӰʧϵĻȲŽȥ
κԡĿ񣬶ͻȻĽŲ
˭ٿŤͷԴһӰӳ
һסˣȡ
ԡԼɼһɫ£һ˫㣬
Ĳǣ°ڣƯϴŵĽӣֵ¶˳
ǰǰʱξһĻص
ڵɫٿسȥعһ£ԡرصֲԾճȭͷʵôˣ
ҡͣھԶĵطiѱѬƵķۺ죬Ҳ롭ԡ
Ŀתضͷٶһ£Ƶȳȥԡ
ˮһֱ̣̤ԡ
ýӲ·ԭأ˿ö
ŰããˮУһǰ̧ѹϿƽֱļ硣
ûôСͽ˳ӵر°˻ȥ
ɫ±ˮʪϳߣСͽܵļ򻺻ˮС
ʧʧȥҿƣҪʲ
ꡭϸָס´˫סʪĿͷһ˫˵
ʱ䣬ɵæǰæΪʥֵ׼˭Ҳ̫ĵʵ뷨
СŻصߣôҪȥսɱأ
ֻԼ֪ĵжཹǣж຦£ж಻ᡭ
һǱϣڻعֿܵضȨв¶Һð㡭
޳쾱߸𣬷ָ뼡پֱۣһξӨȻ䣬βʪزСߡ
ƽ㽫Ǿ仰˵
лҪ˵
̣ҲҪı
ȼһΰҺٺ١



95 
îʱ, һϤϤ΢쾪ѡ
˫δָʶ֮, ȴֻһƬ¡
زĶصǰһǣʱ磬˯
˯ˡһڣŷԼɤӶˡ
ɤõֱˣ̲סϸĺ󾱣סײĴһ೤ǡ
˯²ʱκɿˣˡ
˵䣬һֱû뿪, ·࿴һ۶Ǻõġ
ҡҡͷ, ͼϰ, ǣۣһ
ҹ, С߹ȥ˵Լڲ, 
ۣķ֣ȺĴź, ΪԼ, 治, , ܰѳ֡
, ˵ˡһ, Ļ, ԸΡΡ
չ˫ֳۣ磺վվȣⲻǳҪҵ𣿡
££ĺ۶ʵʵסŻߵÿ׵İԣ
˹ȥҪΪҴף
ԡǿŲʣΪһϿףءսۣοϽ
ȫ̶Цʵҿ𣿡
ŽףĵߴӢݼ߹ԣĿȴᡣ
磬ݡЦ޵۵ÿر΢΢
ȡһѼһ˿ƽս죬ֹԼģҪŻ
ؽӹңװ⣬ǻٿȻӯһɱ͵С
ŷźãָס΢΢ʪ㾱䣬֣سŵҴӦһԼȱش
Ŀӣ˸ֻ̧ӵ
ǾϸļҼıʱ
Ǽ䣬ĵɬɢԴûʱˣ㻹ǿ߰ɡ
طſ˫֣һº촽һ£˰
ȥɡ䴽ǣ㿭
áתſߣ̤żʱ͵ת߻ƮݺӵҲʱ࿴һۣߵ̫
ĳصĿף̫ƽգʥϽսۡ
***
ʥ֮ʴı
ǧԽɽɺӣ;棬¾룬սݣıʿʱʿ
ͬʱ̫֮ϣþ÷ɱеʥϺ޺֮ǡ
ÿյıս˵һľ
ңؾÿһⶼǽݱʥɱı󾳺󽫾ͬսػذͿͻս֮ƣŤתıս֡
̲ûС߱ϲǵϰߣֻƵдŸ磬ȷʥϵİΣ
ȥҹ̲סֿ
ıսϰ캮ضʲǴӺʿɱȣսϵԽıǰߵĽʿǾԽ
ǰ׵ıƼ޼סܿ㴫Ϣһ޼׸Ƴˣ˽޼ıͬʱݲֻѼı
֮ʣҽȻҩص˻ʹ
ë޵ĺãӰ߳ҽΥˡ
ˡϸƬ̣ҡҡͷ˲δҽϡ
ҿȿȡεЦЦҲҽϣֻʥı̣Ҵ¶ѹҺλϡ
̤鷿״Ȱ̫ôȰҲȰǵҽԳ
ִͳһɫƿݸˣֵҽȺ󣬷˹ҽ飬ƶܵƷӣָ̫糣
˻棿¶ϲɫҽȻҽ
̫ҲҪ˵̫硣ü࣬ҽιУ̫Ӳİţһ˲ӣǰ
æӦȻһжҽİţ
һӦҾ
ܿ죬ؽ
ҽİ£˵һƳ̣ԾӹǴã߸˵дһ鴫ı
ֻŵ˼֮ԣӦѾȥˡ
ϦԼڻʹ֮ڹУҲûɻӣԲδٰϦ磬̻վɷŵ졣
һƣݶѤõңıСͽһͬ˸Ϧ
ʼıݱʥն󽫡ʿܴ죬ʥʤ׷оأҪַӺϳ߾
һƬµ΢ʵϳҲ׷ת̬ȣ֮ʡ
Ψ̫üĽʼչ
³ıٶȴݱʥӢնɱλ콵죬Ĵңɾܾѳɶơ
ȻûüϲһֶȻ
ʥϸһɥɳĮ
˫һعڵء
æǰϣԼſһۣɫǴ䡣
ܿ죬һû꣬л˵ʥݡ
͵һָţԼȷÿһ֣˺ü顣
ֲΪıʲôΣˡְ̧סݵļ磬ŵذοʥƺתȻͻ̻ؾڴ֮ǰҪչ˺Լ塣
ţɤƣá
***
ʮպı󾳡
ʥɿоϣ򽫾۽׷ս
ԵĪ׷ѽϷɱɳĮвʱֵȺ֮ʣǱûϾɱôʮ֮޷ָϢҲű߾ա
ˣת»صǰߣսپøڿصȥǸ˼ҹˡ
ʥŵùĩ罫ʰıսȫȨĩմѪͦεվھУˣʥҲ̻ؾ
˱ӻҷĦ.Ϊ޲ջؾ
װ˿ңڰ棬ұ˿嶼ˣʱԺоԼڸ˿
ĬƬ̣ʵѵʥϻǣ
㿴⸱ģϵĴûϡƿۣ¶Ѫı糹״ٻȥ
ǰдӦҪԼشȥʳˡ
Ƽϵ˶Ҫᣬˣ
һ󾲼ţƬκ󣬾⴫һ
üתĽ
䣬ѱһƿˡ
̧ˣһ˲˴Ӳָ⡣
ſŽ֮ˣһ糾ͣȴȫڲסiľɫݣǵһһգգ
ȡӺＷһ֣ɻԼǲΪ˼˻þ
ȻҲ𾪣첽ǰСôˣ
ĿƵϣ¶һƣЦݣ磬þò
һȷԼǷˣóԼϵˣ´ʱֱ˵ڵأ
һѸһƿܽȥɺñ𶯣
ͬ˶䣬˲䲻Ҷˡ
оϣɫӿһֱٿʱɤҲˣô
ۿ죬΢Щʵػصֻǧﱼȥ׼
õϢ߾ȫƹԼջʧܸա
Ҫ̼СߣҪȷСǻŵģҪıӢ۴ؼҡ
һӣδвٿԼǵľһΣֻԼķĺХ֮
лҪ˵
磺ҲӦ



96 䰮
Ҷ, ҶͷƵƵܶ׽⼸, סֻ΢֣տƲס籡ĸ飬һѽȥݺӵ˻
ӿһԵɬͬʱ̧§סƽļ米СͽܽǰŹ̵ĺһ˿ʵУСߣˡ
ĸµʱ⣬ٴӵ˱˴ˡ
ú, ľдɤӵȿȡ
γ, Ȼʶ绹, æɿ˫֣Сѵȷſ
ϾΥζ, һǧԸ, ֻ֣
˴ıԱɳĮ֮, ɳ, һ·, Щͷ
, ȴɿ˼ĺ˷, ֱ޲ܽӶٳ𤵽ȥ
ȵƵ, ת, 磬һס
վһԣĿ˷ʦͽһĻȻЩ˵Ĺ죬һʱûж룬ֻصԴܻһܸˡ
ֵ˵仰̲סߴٵ򽫾޷ˣȳȥɡ
֪ʦͽδȻҪ˽̸ɴعֵĩиˡ
ֻʣʦͽˡ
ٴ֣ɤƵػһ㣬㡣
ת齱ߣ˵ȥ½
ȵȡס֣Цݲִ򣬡ż棬ôȲ
̧ڵףࣺٸƤЦ֡
Ŀע£Эɿ֡
ɵĺ۳¶ȾѪıӱƲ˿ж󣬵Ѫ˵ʱжա
ָһ㰤ִ㳷˻ȥٿȻŤ
ûӦֻӨ͸ӴŴ¹򢣬žһϣ̵ļⷢۡ
ڴϣȫᣬһʱ֪Ǻãֻý滨С˻ѵ촽˱ȵᣬϵˣ˿Ͳˡ
ƫǣɤк˿ĿǻңӦңСء
ͱһһ磬һ㿹ȥټľͻǱʬ
һĶҪˣɴһᣬǿӲʪԼסҷĴ
ʱ˼˲ӵ㼳ȡſеĽҺҧݺݵĴࡣ
籩ǳɹȡĺͷԽ裬̻ʵǱƵôϸ׵ָסоϵıȻҲĿ
ʱƣϢʱڴģɿԵĴࡣ
ùסֻܿСͽܻǻɢ֮ʻǵñܿ˿ڡ
ûµģˡظսļסݵѩ󣬷ڴϸϸǣӮˣҴӮӽҲֿˡ
***
ʦǧǰߣ˳͢οԼͣıʿս޵죬Ҫһ߸ϻɳĮԱӴ˲̤Ӻ߾벽
ʥϱָս󽫾ҲȰ̫һˣҲֻܹԹԳǰߣ˻ıˡ
ƿ³ΰµţһϤиͷ
ϵͳԣӣÿһζʮңҲûлع򸮡
򸮵Ļǰʣߺˣ
ߵĸһϹĹۣݼӣ
æϥ񣺡ӣ
ɡع˻һ̤򸮡
߽Ժ䣬һϲŮС
Ų΢٣̧˹ȥ
ʮŮӣһɫƳȹںīһ˿üɽˮ污ˣףʱһλɫˡ
ܿ췴Ӧĸס
֪ԼΪ糤һҲˣòԭŴĸ
ضСƣȻᣬȴֻԶԶվûǰ
ЩΣЩ˵ܣֻ˵ĸףˣԺȥ밲
ŻȻȥᣬõظ񣺡ʥϡ
ص˲ض񡣡
ʱ߽׼õķ䣬׵⼸գ͹Թˣƺת̻ؾ
ЦԭòŴס
ü΢ô˵
ϲһ㣬ҲŴˡǷǷز˵ŮˮģҿҲˮġ
ЦԷǣһѣˣҽѵǰɣ
𣿡ûƤûס
ʵšסıȥס
û͵һ۵ģӦá
Ҵñ죬漴ת׵ķȥˡ
׳ʥϲͬԴȥˣŷɥȻˣҲɱС
׼ƿţ̤˽ȥ
Ϧ£һƬǰ˯ĸס
ǵø׹ȥӣսպյһݡ
˿ڴϵˣհݣǣһнľ
֪˶ãԻ˯ڴϣȻȿȿȡ
ѾԶ©ͼһӵ
Ĭعڴͷףҡ
ǿȿȡȥӿỨֱϣؼңؼˡ
ָס׵֡
˵һֱһټһ棬ȴʼղϿ
绹˵СָףûѡĽʢȵһղģıһղð
װⳡ̣ǴӮˡڵѱı󾳣ʮڣ̤ı벽
һݺɳݺᣬӮ˺áð
***
պǰٶȴϢ󽫾ɱ˼ǧ׽ֵ졣
Ϣʱָʥϻɴ
ǰҽҩЧڷպ˿ڵٶȿ˲٣ʱҲûôˡ
ϣݣűչȥ͵һǡ
ѽһ̧ܱܲңһʧˣʹ˭˿ڣ
ңͲˡһ˫ķЦаӦҵ£ʱ֣
һȦµػصôǵãӦʲô
ܽůȴʥϽսۡƵ
ü΢˭۸Ĺʫʵģ
ЦҴʤ̣ѵҪ
ĶһȣϵĴûãͿʼˣˡ
ҲҲˣֻ͵֣һѽϴ齣ֻҪ
Ƭ̣͵ȥһһٵˮŬάǣСߣ㡭
һһӦţ
ס֣ϱӣϱӵܻ
ʪȵһ·ϣһϢĺ촽ж໵
ǳӣ㷹ԡ˫֧ŷ壬ѹ˿ڣ֮
Ȼϵͳû˵ϱôģӦǱСŪİɡ
ô᣿ֵ⣬һţֳտ񣬡ҪҵҲֻὫԼϴ͵
һСߡ
ҵ֡

šҵĺҧźõѪĶ⣬̾䰮䣬ұ㻽ա
лҪ˵
̣һʲôȫ¶öҲԣ

ϱӵ£ûϵͳ˵ô򵥣ҲĻǲҪᰡ



97  Ҳ
, ʥıȫʤ
󽫾, ʧȥһͷ죬ٽо䣬Ͷģ˳Ӻ
ıѽǸɳĮʧȥĲݳˮԴǵƥܿͻᱻǵŮ˺ͺҲὥήֱʧȥϢ
ңӺʵ۽Ĺ˳նɱ󣬷ٽΪ˳
Դ˳Ϊı߾һ֣ܴӺ, ıڻͨ, ͬʱҲеάӺ߾ȵΡ
󽫾ʮı, ͬһβƵϣʮһյػӺա
һս, Ӻշ, Ҳ˴ı߾վڳ֮ϣԶһ޼ʵĲԭ, ǿ, , ڵη, ǹ̩, հҵ
ĵ, ĿȴΪǧԭ, ʼ毺õĲϡ
˵ʲôأòӦԣŷСճյضԼ
˵ģҶˡ̧ḧ΢紵ķ˿ƶԸһջᾡʵ֣ҽΪŬ
彭ɽǰ֮ˡ
ҲҪԸԸԿɵá
ݵĳĬУƺ˵е㺣ס֡
ȥµĲԭ𣿡ƬκսϹƻһ
룬´ٻı֪Ǻ£˵ͷ
˹һƥߴսƵԭߡ
ϣԺǰӵʵٶȣΰɣ
á΢΢ֵĺëöˣûô
𣿡Ц˫ͼǣս
ѽͺһʶ壬˫ֽסӣСߣ
ʲôأشЦںķнο۽
ݵļϼʵţ߸ߵ˲̤ʵأ漴תһֵģŤ˿ڣ˿ڻ
ȴ벻⣬סɿɰ򢣬ûҧϿصĴ꣬ȵͷιȥ
عѱ汧ڻﰴףܵսҲٶȡ
̵Ǽ糺Ķ⣬ս˸첲ЦҪҪԣϡ
ʱõѪµصס֣һ˿ѿǻҪҪؾˣ
ĵزˣĶôѿ
Сߣ׳ͺѾżеǣɤɣպòã
һɡ˲ֹڷŹ
ǣڲݳϡ
ıԭƽ̹ԶõϼⰻȻĴһ¡ᴩݳʱ̲纣˰ӿǰľɫʫ续
ǹٱ߾ƴҪķֲݵء
ţȻͣ½ŲʴïĲݵϣԣ
ԥһ£ȥ
Ϳ£תߵӢݡ
Ҳ̲ܿסչȥ˸ǡ
΢أѵõ;ʱͻȻŹϡ
Ѹ˫ֳסݵأʵʵſȥСߣôˣ
ͷҧ´ģģЦ
Ϧ뱱ɽ¡
䣬ҵĺ䣬һԭŲᱡƤҪյ˫
ѻ۽ƿܿ±ϣСߣءؼҡ
һģҾʹؼҡ
ɣʲô
๫ϸȵǵأ۵ЦҪ˵๫ؼҡ
вڣҹɫŨֻС๫ؼҡ
Ļϯأ硣
***
ĩãʥʾʦس
Ŵ󿪣аռеֻΪһõʥա
ڣ¡¡Զǧĳ··Ҳ˰ǵġ
ͷһƥߴӢµĺɫսĵһϮףЮϡصͷʥݣΨ˫¶ĺĳ͸һɱ֮˲ڵ֮¡
˭Ҳ֪ŵǵ̫żзʱԼԿһ˿֮ˡ
ӭӵİУ˴ŵ͵͵̧һƳʱʧꡣ
ǰѵڳǰѶɽ꣺ӭʥϿعꡪ
̧ʾڳƽˬһԾ漴ǰǵˡ
һֻϸƿӣĿ֮£ʥСزŵʦ
󣬵ʦٹٵĴӵ£ص˻ʹ
عʥ۹ͣط󽫾ΪС丸ɱг.ǹΪӺı󾳡
ºıϢް
յʱ鷿ѵĵҴɨݺȻס˰
æۣƹסļ磬ˣ
ƽϢ飬صˡ
ĬؽԼԥıɥ𣿡
ˡֻ̧ӵҸȥıɥ͹ˡ
Ⱳܼһ棬ȴԸ
һȴοԺıȥ
˵ˣб
***
İ꣬͢䲼˷չҵó׵ʼչ̡
ɹٵôӺĵ·ͨ˴ͨ˺ӣ˵չˮκԣͬʱƹ߲ͺũ
ÿһ׮ÿһʵΪı
ʥӭ˶ʮ
ʱλǻ֮ɨƽ߾Ӻͷδڡ
βٰʥϵŲʧ¡ʱʥʾ֭ͼ̫ķ
ĴŴҽȥ
һƬž
ˣתһɤӣ򳿣ڷ𣿡
ȵȣֳע͵ˣ
ٱ˲ȥҧгݵ룬һΣһҪץס
ڷ򳿱Žźûˡ
üΪβҽȥ
ǡһֹģ
˵ʲôҪ׷ʣȴš֨ѽһˡ
Ѹײڶ֮ƣǰڿˣ
صΪʲôţû𣿡
ôʲôˡһίͰ͵ţһ治ɫؼȥѵΪҹ
Żţæȥס죬˵
۵ģЦ۸
ߣһϷţ˦ߣһ֮͵˴ȥĸ飿
Ĵӣôܽ͵أдʵػص䣬ҵĶʮ쵽ˣʲô񣿡
ȥһӡ
һӣôеĶ⣬˳סԼкӣҿҪ𣿡
Ҫʲô
ӵָظ⻬ļȴҪʲôˡ
ᴭһת
ڴ
ˣɡ˫еĺػ֮ˣ϶һˣ㲻˷һ˿һңҶȻ׷Ź㡣
вûкԥϲˣ֮ã
һ㲻Ժ
ɫҪʲôԺ
һҲá
̵Ұӣ񣬽ǵá
ʧЦ㵹ͦҰο
ϥأ֣ضϵؿңҹӺｭɽʢ
ЦɲΪʷٱ£
ǣǣ˶ΣǡȢҿɺã
ڴʱٿȻ̻
ǼѤõӳ£ڵҹɫ
΢΢ʲô
ɵıҲ㡣
ҹɫãճɾ
лҪ˵
ǳлߴ󱦱һ·飬һǵ
Ŀǰƻд飬ǰǿߣִƽߣǻʲô뿴ķ⣬ࣣ
һŵԤգħ·ˡȤղһ¡
ϧԳ𣬾µСӡ
츳ѵһţʮִ½˴ɣһս
ʮ꣬ɽһ࿡ˣôغ˴һȺϵ·ˡ
ħһϦ̤ƽ˴ɣΪ˼䡣
ŰټҹӲдƳϧսħͷ
ϧὣӦսһƣ룡
ⲻǰС˵Ǹˣ
ŷɥĴħͷۿ֪Ҿã
ϧս죺ˣϴˡ
Źܡſקúħ



98 һ 飨ϣ
ʱ, ʥڶ
ʥϱһдӼ򣬵ʵ۵ĵ֮ճΪٽ, ǴӺĽգΪʵף٣ǻʹҪ֮һ񷨲ɷϳ
ΪףٽڣҪ׼ڶ෬СҲ׷ǲʹǰʢأԸٵȼΪ⣬Ͻ鱦ʯϡĺ
صĸ̺̻£ǮľǮľиŲ·˾ٹͬ졣
㿴񲻽ӺΪף, СҲ׷ǰء, ָǵЦ, ɼʵۣвٺôġ
ڸ, ת, ָ毺õ򢣬ȵ, ϡ, Ҫǵףʲô
΢΢, ôϡʥϹ, ֳӯ˲ء
ᡰһ, ǿȥ, Ҫ׸, ׵˿ֻϡҵ񡣡
ûӻ磬Ϊʥϸ°ɡ
ٽڵգʥǰٹٵףټ񣬲ԽӴǰصʹߡ
Ĺغһһ¼⣬ʥڷٹ١
ʱʼ磬ȲˡˡϹ۽ʳĹƾʮƷɫɽ亣ζҺ𲨣ӦоС
δʱ󳼺͸ʹ
̫ϳĸߺʥϼݵ
죬ӹ˾֣ʹ׷ϯڴֹ࣬ӭʥʥݡ
չ˱Ӧйݴ񣬵ʥϽ˴
ߴλڣʥһϮɫԴһɸ߲ʵĹ˵ü˳۵صȺʥ
񡣡ʥº󣬳ڵա
ʽʼ
ϯ;ֹĶӺȻУְݵС˴ǰӺ٣һҪΪӺʵ۳ϡ
ʥŰյĹ͵·̫ƿƤӣֹĺյˡ
ֶЦֻһĺҪʸӺʵۡ
һ˽෬ʹߣֹʹ£Ȼ׼ϵڳͷ
ʥϷ΢ĵӦʵˣա
ֶʾԵߣܿ죬߱һɴŮӡ
Ůź£֫ȣ̬ӯ͸ɴòһ˫ˮӳüһ仨޶鶯
ɧʥĳȴһδڼͣĪֵر񣿡
ǣֶӶ˺ţֹ߹һǵĻòգԸ߹ӺʵۣӺؽ֮á
أڵ
ĺ޲ĿⲻԾڴ¶㲻һɫ
еʧ̫ɫδţŲæضƱǳһڣƷ˵֮£ȫ޹ء
ʥϰĥĥסյָȻս䵭ɤ𣺡ֹΪЩϲֶ̨Σ
ֶӣɫһ䡣
ӺȻֹǲ޹ףȻҲʳԡʥϲ᲻صؽյϣŮ˲ŪάĹߣһҪάϵѺùϵǹҾܵı֡
ʥϲǳ⣬һһȴǧ𣬲ֶϻģʹҲԴ
⡭ֶͼ⣬ֱֻʾѺá
˵һ룬Լ಻ȥˡ
ʱһȻƱһʥԼǣҪʥһ
ĸ׾ֹĹ׶׸ȵۣز˼磬ѻ
æٱףʥϡ
̧̨֮ϵ¶һĨοЦ⡣
***
ʥȻ޹۷ȥӭ̫
СĶ·ЩƮһ̤ǬͲ㱻߸ߵżˡ
Һһֻּʱס˳ƽȶˣ
ûаʸڷϵҺȶһҲడ
Ư˵һʣѩ׵ſɿڵķƣ΢΢β˱죬Цӯӯ̧ôҲѵģ
ͷԾһ£ᱧκڵߣڷֹ˵ҪǵĹʹô룿
ʲôü㲻Ǿܾ𣬻Ҫô룿
ϣ˼ίı֣ں
뿴һںģΪһĴҲãƵؿϷ
̲סЦĿ֮£ֶܸӰɫɣ
üͷһ壬˵˷һ˿һûоܾǲǸҪ
˫΢ס˫ꡭٺ˵Ҫˡ
һҲҪ˵һΪʵͲں
δ䣬̧־סǰ͵һѽȥ
ʥϱ赹ϣ̫žƾȥס½ֻûɣװͰ͵ң
ϣһ˿㵣ƺû뵽ͻȻѡ
ܿ죬һ˿㵱ת˾ϲɻ⣬ѹסԼ֪üʵˣ
˵ԺһԣսӢüۣв̽ҵĵߣɡ
ԼľӣƬκЦ
ĶҰȥˮʪĴһˣ͹ˡ
˵أƤЦ˶㣬ͼ˳ļƣѵⲻɡ
ĵ׷ףٴαƿƲֵسϵʲôֹҶûʲôҾ뿴ΪҲ
ʧЦƺɤֿɰҪô˵ѽվ˵Ӻʵҵˣ˭죿
кβɣת˵ƣ£ϷҾͺ޲Ѹ£ˡ
䲼گСôӺÿһն֪ˡ
ָ̧֣޵طӣ̾ϢһֽѾܺˣٹٲǳɻ顣
һҹ飬ͷ֮¾ʹӦˡѹⱲǲһġ
Ӻδйӳɻһ֮Ȣһѹˣοʥ¼޸̫
ɻ飬ʲô£ס֣ȫЦҾҪ޸һҪش飬ôӺաûĴ˶֤
˵ļһ̫ˡ
ѡǷָֻҪͷͬ⣬һнҾͺá
˵ѵǵõġ
ѵõĶǱûʲôܹ赲Ѹ¡
ɡ¶ĺ󾢶ԽԽͷɤҲһ֮
ȵǲ£۵´Ц䣬Ҫ飬Ҫ˳붴
лҪ˵
һ´ж֮ҹٺٺ١


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